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<p>The G20, an intergovernmental forum comprised of 19 countries and two major regional entities, the European Union (EU) and the African Union (AU), has played a pivotal role in addressing critical global economic challenges. This group represents a substantial portion of the world&#39;s economic power, making decisions that influence international financial stability, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development.</p>

<h2><strong>The G20&#39;s Origins, G20 Membership and Influence</strong></h2>

<p>Establishment in Response to Crises: The G20 was founded in 1999 as a response to a series of global economic crises. These crises demonstrated the need for a more inclusive and dynamic forum for economic cooperation.</p>

<p>A Global Economic Powerhouse: The G20 consists of finance ministries from some of the world&#39;s most prominent economies, including both industrialized and developing nations. It accounts for a staggering 80% of the world&#39;s gross world product (GWP), 75% of international trade, encompasses two-thirds of the global population and covers 60% of the world&#39;s land area.</p>

<p><img loading="lazy" alt="G20 delhi " src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/India_G20_56976.webp" style="height:281px; width:500px" /></p>

<p>[Source: Times]</p>

<p>Annual Summits: Since 2008, the G20 has convened annual summits attended by heads of government or state, finance ministers, foreign ministers, and other high-ranking officials. The European Union is also represented through the European Commission and the European Central Bank. Additionally, various other countries, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations are invited to participate in these summits.</p>

<p>G20&#39;s Self-Declaration: In 2009, the G20 declared itself the primary venue for international economic and financial cooperation, solidifying its position as a major player on the global stage.<br />
Global Influence and Criticisms: Over the past decade, the G20&#39;s stature has grown significantly, recognized by analysts as a force with considerable global influence. Nevertheless, it has faced criticism for its limited membership, lack of enforcement powers, and allegations of undermining existing international institutions. G20 summits have often been met with protests, particularly from anti-globalization groups.</p>

<h2><strong>Inclusion of the African Union</strong></h2>

<p>Historic Announcement: In September 2023, during the 18th G20 Summit in India, Prime Minister Narendra Modi made a historic announcement. He welcomed the African Union as the 21st member of the G20. This decision marked a significant expansion of the group&#39;s representation and influence on the global stage, reflecting its commitment to inclusivity and addressing pressing global issues from a broader perspective.</p>

<h2><img loading="lazy" alt="g 20 delhi 2023" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/G20-Global-South.webp" style="height:533px; width:800px" /></h2>

<p>[Source: Times]</p>

<h2><strong>G20&#39;s Historical Evolution</strong></h2>

<p>Post-World War II Initiatives: The G20 is the latest in a series of post-World War II initiatives aimed at international coordination of economic policy. These initiatives include institutions like the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization.<br />
Founding and Leadership: The G20 was formally established at the G7 Finance Ministers&#39; meeting in 1999, with its inaugural meeting held in Berlin. Key figures such as Paul Martin and Hans Eichel played crucial roles in its formation, envisioning a more dynamic platform for global economic governance.<br />
Rationale Behind Formation: The G20 was conceived in response to a series of financial crises in the late 1990s, highlighting the need for a more inclusive and responsive forum in a rapidly globalizing world.</p>

<h2><strong>Early Topics and Summits</strong></h2>

<p>Primary Focus on Global Economy: The G20 has primarily focused on governing the global economy. Summit themes have varied over the years, covering topics like sustained growth, energy markets, reform of international financial institutions, and the impact of demographic changes.<br />
Leadership and Meeting Locations: Summits have been hosted in various countries, with the G20 leaders meeting twice a year until 2011, and subsequently once a year.</p>

<p>Chair Rotation: The G20 operates on a rotational basis, with different member nations assuming the presidency annually, starting from December 1st and ending on November 30th. This system ensures a diverse representation of leadership.<br />
Troika Support: The incumbent chair is supported by a "troika" consisting of the current, immediate past, and next host countries.</p>

<h2><strong>Proposed Permanent Secretariat</strong></h2>

<p>Debate Over a Secretariat: There have been discussions about establishing a permanent G20 secretariat, similar to the United Nations. Different countries have expressed varying levels of support for this proposal, with disagreements persisting. For this weekend&#39;s G20 Leaders&#39; Summit in New Delhi, representatives from the world&#39;s largest economies—including U.S. President Joe Biden, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, French President Emmanuel Macron, Saudi Arabia&#39;s Mohammed Bin Salman, and Japan&#39;s Fumio Kishida—will be gathering.</p>

<p>Since 2008, heads of state have gathered annually at the intergovernmental forum, which was originally created to bring together financial ministers from 19 countries and the European Union to discuss issues relating to the global economy. This has made the G20 Leaders&#39; Summit one of the most prominent geopolitical gatherings. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is relying on the Sept. 9–10 conference to strengthen his nation&#39;s standing as a global leader as well as enhance his personal diplomatic credentials as he serves as the group&#39;s president this year.</p>

<h2><strong>Current G20 Membership</strong></h2>

<p>Member Entities: As of 2023, the G20 comprises 21 members, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, and others. Notably, the African Union has recently been included as a member, underlining the group&#39;s commitment to diversity and inclusivity.<br />
Guest Invitees: The G20 also invites guest countries and organizations to its meetings, fostering a more comprehensive dialogue on global issues.</p>

<h2><img loading="lazy" alt="g 20 putin" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Putin-Russia-G20-Absence.webp" style="height:533px; width:800px" /></h2>

<p>[Source: Times of India]</p>

<h2><strong>India&#39;s G20 Presidency and Future Agenda</strong></h2>

<p>India&#39;s G20 Presidency: India assumed the G20 presidency in December 2022, with the theme "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," emphasizing a global family and shared future. The presidency focuses on critical issues such as global health, digital transformations, and sustainable energy transitions. The meeting will be attended by representatives from a number of nations, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and the European Union.</p>

<p>This year&#39;s G20 Summit, which was held when India held the presidency, had the theme "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," which translates to "One Earth. Single Family. "One Future" The Maha Upanishad, a historic Sanskrit literature, served as the source for this theme.</p>

<p>New Delhi sees the G20 presidency as an opportunity to demonstrate India&#39;s ability to manage relations with competitor powers and to act as a bridge to the Global South. According to Michael Kugelman, the South Asia Institute&#39;s director at the Wilson Centre in Washington, TIME</p>

<p>Interview with PM Modi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed optimism about India&#39;s G20 agenda, emphasizing a human-centric development approach, climate change, debt restructuring, and global cryptocurrency regulation.</p>

<p>According to Michael Kugelman, the director of the South Asia Institute at the Wilson Centre in Washington, "New Delhi views the G20 presidency as an opportunity to show that it has the ability to serve as a bridge to the Global South; that it can show India&#39;s ability to manage relations with rival powers." However, given the escalating tensions around the world, from the Indo-Pacific to Ukraine, the mission was never going to be simple. Whether Modi can ensure there is enough agreement at the summit&#39;s conclusion to result in a joint communiqué or the Leaders&#39; Declaration will be a critical test</p>

<p><img loading="lazy" alt="g 20 us" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/G 20 US-.webp" style="height:334px; width:500px" /></p>

<p>[Source: Times of India]</p>

<p>The G20 has evolved significantly since its inception, becoming a key forum for addressing global economic challenges. With the recent inclusion of the African Union as its 21st member, the G20 underscores its commitment to diverse perspectives and tackling pressing global issues from a broader vantage point. Under India&#39;s presidency, the G20 is poised to address critical global concerns, reflecting the evolving priorities of the world&#39;s major economies.</p>


<p>The G20, an intergovernmental forum comprised of 19 countries and two major regional entities, the European Union (EU) and the African Union (AU), has played a pivotal role in addressing critical global economic challenges. This group represents a substantial portion of the world&#39;s economic power, making decisions that influence international financial stability, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development.</p>

<h2><strong>The G20&#39;s Origins, G20 Membership and Influence</strong></h2>

<p>Establishment in Response to Crises: The G20 was founded in 1999 as a response to a series of global economic crises. These crises demonstrated the need for a more inclusive and dynamic forum for economic cooperation.</p>

<p>A Global Economic Powerhouse: The G20 consists of finance ministries from some of the world&#39;s most prominent economies, including both industrialized and developing nations. It accounts for a staggering 80% of the world&#39;s gross world product (GWP), 75% of international trade, encompasses two-thirds of the global population and covers 60% of the world&#39;s land area.</p>

<p><img loading="lazy" alt="G20 delhi " src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/India_G20_56976.webp" style="height:281px; width:500px" /></p>

<p>[Source: Times]</p>

<p>Annual Summits: Since 2008, the G20 has convened annual summits attended by heads of government or state, finance ministers, foreign ministers, and other high-ranking officials. The European Union is also represented through the European Commission and the European Central Bank. Additionally, various other countries, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations are invited to participate in these summits.</p>

<p>G20&#39;s Self-Declaration: In 2009, the G20 declared itself the primary venue for international economic and financial cooperation, solidifying its position as a major player on the global stage.<br />
Global Influence and Criticisms: Over the past decade, the G20&#39;s stature has grown significantly, recognized by analysts as a force with considerable global influence. Nevertheless, it has faced criticism for its limited membership, lack of enforcement powers, and allegations of undermining existing international institutions. G20 summits have often been met with protests, particularly from anti-globalization groups.</p>

<h2><strong>Inclusion of the African Union</strong></h2>

<p>Historic Announcement: In September 2023, during the 18th G20 Summit in India, Prime Minister Narendra Modi made a historic announcement. He welcomed the African Union as the 21st member of the G20. This decision marked a significant expansion of the group&#39;s representation and influence on the global stage, reflecting its commitment to inclusivity and addressing pressing global issues from a broader perspective.</p>

<h2><img loading="lazy" alt="g 20 delhi 2023" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/G20-Global-South.webp" style="height:533px; width:800px" /></h2>

<p>[Source: Times]</p>

<h2><strong>G20&#39;s Historical Evolution</strong></h2>

<p>Post-World War II Initiatives: The G20 is the latest in a series of post-World War II initiatives aimed at international coordination of economic policy. These initiatives include institutions like the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization.<br />
Founding and Leadership: The G20 was formally established at the G7 Finance Ministers&#39; meeting in 1999, with its inaugural meeting held in Berlin. Key figures such as Paul Martin and Hans Eichel played crucial roles in its formation, envisioning a more dynamic platform for global economic governance.<br />
Rationale Behind Formation: The G20 was conceived in response to a series of financial crises in the late 1990s, highlighting the need for a more inclusive and responsive forum in a rapidly globalizing world.</p>

<h2><strong>Early Topics and Summits</strong></h2>

<p>Primary Focus on Global Economy: The G20 has primarily focused on governing the global economy. Summit themes have varied over the years, covering topics like sustained growth, energy markets, reform of international financial institutions, and the impact of demographic changes.<br />
Leadership and Meeting Locations: Summits have been hosted in various countries, with the G20 leaders meeting twice a year until 2011, and subsequently once a year.</p>

<p>Chair Rotation: The G20 operates on a rotational basis, with different member nations assuming the presidency annually, starting from December 1st and ending on November 30th. This system ensures a diverse representation of leadership.<br />
Troika Support: The incumbent chair is supported by a &quot;troika&quot; consisting of the current, immediate past, and next host countries.</p>

<h2><strong>Proposed Permanent Secretariat</strong></h2>

<p>Debate Over a Secretariat: There have been discussions about establishing a permanent G20 secretariat, similar to the United Nations. Different countries have expressed varying levels of support for this proposal, with disagreements persisting.&nbsp;For this weekend&#39;s G20 Leaders&#39; Summit in New Delhi, representatives from the world&#39;s largest economies&mdash;including U.S. President Joe Biden, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, French President Emmanuel Macron, Saudi Arabia&#39;s Mohammed Bin Salman, and Japan&#39;s Fumio Kishida&mdash;will be gathering.</p>

<p>Since 2008, heads of state have gathered annually at the intergovernmental forum, which was originally created to bring together financial ministers from 19 countries and the European Union to discuss issues relating to the global economy. This has made the G20 Leaders&#39; Summit one of the most prominent geopolitical gatherings. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is relying on the Sept. 9&ndash;10 conference to strengthen his nation&#39;s standing as a global leader as well as enhance his personal diplomatic credentials as he serves as the group&#39;s president this year.</p>

<h2><strong>Current G20 Membership</strong></h2>

<p>Member Entities: As of 2023, the G20 comprises 21 members, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, and others. Notably, the African Union has recently been included as a member, underlining the group&#39;s commitment to diversity and inclusivity.<br />
Guest Invitees: The G20 also invites guest countries and organizations to its meetings, fostering a more comprehensive dialogue on global issues.</p>

<h2><img loading="lazy" alt="g 20 putin" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Putin-Russia-G20-Absence.webp" style="height:533px; width:800px" /></h2>

<p>[Source: Times of India]</p>

<h2><strong>India&#39;s G20 Presidency and Future Agenda</strong></h2>

<p>India&#39;s G20 Presidency: India assumed the G20 presidency in December 2022, with the theme &quot;Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam,&quot; emphasizing a global family and shared future. The presidency focuses on critical issues such as global health, digital transformations, and sustainable energy transitions. The meeting will be attended by representatives from a number of nations, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and the European Union.</p>

<p>This year&#39;s G20 Summit, which was held when India held the presidency, had the theme &quot;Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam,&quot; which translates to &quot;One Earth. Single Family. &quot;One Future&quot; The Maha Upanishad, a historic Sanskrit literature, served as the source for this theme.</p>

<p>New Delhi sees the G20 presidency as an opportunity to demonstrate India&#39;s ability to manage relations with competitor powers and to act as a bridge to the Global South. According to Michael Kugelman, the South Asia Institute&#39;s director at the Wilson Centre in Washington, TIME</p>

<p>Interview with PM Modi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed optimism about India&#39;s G20 agenda, emphasizing a human-centric development approach, climate change, debt restructuring, and global cryptocurrency regulation.</p>

<p>According to Michael Kugelman, the director of the South Asia Institute at the Wilson Centre in Washington, &quot;New Delhi views the G20 presidency as an opportunity to show that it has the ability to serve as a bridge to the Global South; that it can show India&#39;s ability to manage relations with rival powers.&quot; However, given the escalating tensions around the world, from the Indo-Pacific to Ukraine, the mission was never going to be simple. Whether Modi can ensure there is enough agreement at the summit&#39;s conclusion to result in a joint communiqu&eacute; or the Leaders&#39; Declaration will be a critical test</p>

<p><img loading="lazy" alt="g 20 us" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/G 20 US-.webp" style="height:334px; width:500px" /></p>

<p>[Source: Times of India]</p>

<p>The G20 has evolved significantly since its inception, becoming a key forum for addressing global economic challenges. With the recent inclusion of the African Union as its 21st member, the G20 underscores its commitment to diverse perspectives and tackling pressing global issues from a broader vantage point. Under India&#39;s presidency, the G20 is poised to address critical global concerns, reflecting the evolving priorities of the world&#39;s major economies.</p>


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<p>G-20 Summit in Delhi - 8th, 9th, 10th September 2023</p>


<p>G20 Summit in Delhi - 8th, 9th, 10th September 2023</p>


The G20 and Its Evolution: The Inclusion of the African Union as the G21

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The G20 and Its Evolution: The Inclusion of the African Union as the G21

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