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Hey Aspirants! Welcome back to our captivating “Know Your Country” series. This time, we invite you to join us on an exploration of the remarkable Island country that is Singapore. It is at north of the equator. It adapt to global challenges risks and opportunities in Asia.

Singapore known as the “Lion City” or “Garden City”. It’s also been called “Instant Asia”. Singapore port area, one of the world’s largest, covers 36 square miles. Singapore River remains the heart of the city.

The city has a diverse music culture that ranges from pop and rock, to folk and classical. Singapore diversity of cuisine is touted as a reason to visit the country, due to its combination of convenience, variety, quality and price. The city-state has a burgeoning food scene ranging from hawker centers, food courts, coffee shop and so on. The culture of Singapore has changed greatly over the millennia. Its contemporary modern culture consists if a combination of Asians and Europeans culture.  
Before looking at the different aspects, one must know the symbols of the country. 

<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Singapore</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Official Name 
			</td>
			<td>
			Republic of Singapore
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Capital
			</td>
			<td>
			Singapore city
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Continent
			</td>
			<td>
			Asia
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			President
			</td>
			<td>
			Tharman Shanmugaratnam
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Prime Minister
			</td>
			<td>
			Lee Hsien Loong
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Currency
			</td>
			<td>
			Singapore dollar
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Language
			</td>
			<td>
			Mandarin and Chinese
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Religion
			</td>
			<td>
			 Buddhist, Christian, Muslim, Taoist, Hindu.
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Flag
			</td>
			<td>
			<img loading="lazy" alt="National Flag of Singapore" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/National Flag of Singapore.webp" style="height:132px; width:200px">
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Anthem
			</td>
			<td>
			Majulah Singapura
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Game
			</td>
			<td>
			Football
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Bird
			</td>
			<td>
			Crimson Sunbird
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Tree
			</td>
			<td>
			Cyrtophyllum Fragrans
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Flower
			</td>
			<td>
			Vanda Miss Joaquim
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Animal
			</td>
			<td>
			The Lion
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

 

<img loading="lazy" alt="Singapore" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Singapore.webp" style="height:273px; width:400px">

[Source: Wikipedia]

So now, let’s move to the first aspect of the blog i.e. History of Singapore.

<h2 id="content-id-47230-0">History of Singapore</h2>

Singapore’s history dates back at least eight hundred years, are having been a maritime emporium known as Temasek and subsequently a major constituent part of several successive thalassocratic empires. Asia was recognized, and Singapore came under the direct control of Britain as part of the strats settlement. Malaysian political ideology led by “Lee Kuan Yew” into the other constituent entities of Malaysia at the perceived expense of the bumiputera and the policies of Ketuanan melayu. Eventually led to Singapore expulsion from the federation two year later; Singapore became an independent sovereign country.

<h3>Ancient and Early Medieval Period:</h3>

In 1299, according to the Malay annals, the kingdom of Singapore was founded on the island by Sang Nila Utama. Although the historicity of the accounts as given in the Malay Annals is the subject of academic debates, it is nevertheless known from various documents that Singapore in the 14th century, then known as Temasek. History sources also indicate that around the end of the 14th century, its ruler Parameswara was attacked by either the Majapahit or the Siamese, forcing him to move to Malacca where he founded the Sultanate of Malacca. The wider maritime region and much trade were under Dutch control for the following period after the Dutch conquest of Malacca.

<img loading="lazy" alt="History of Singapore" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/History of Singapore.webp" style="height:326px; width:400px">

[Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Medieval period:</h3>

Fast forward to the medieval period, in the 1890s, when the rubber industry became established in Malaya and Singapore, the island became a global centre for rubber sorting and export. Singapore was not greatly affected by the First World War, as the conflict did not spread to Southeast Asia. As a consequence, after World War II broke out in 1939, the fleet was filly occupied with defending Britain, leaving Singapore vulnerable to Japanese invasion.

<h3>Colonial period:</h3>

However, the occupation was to become a major Turing point in the histories of several nations including Singapore. The failure of Britain to successfully defend its colony against the Japanese changed its image in the eyes of Singaporeans. 

<h3>Independence and Beyond:</h3>

During, the Pacific War, the Japanese invasion of Malaya culminated in the Battle of Singapore. When the British force of 60,000 troops surrendered on 15 February 1942, British prime minister Winston Churchill called the defeat “the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history”. Much of Singapore infrastructure had been destroyed during the war, including those needed to supply utilities. A shortage of food led to malnutrition, disease, and rampant crime and violence. 

<h2 id="content-id-47230-1">Here is the timeline of some key events in Singapore </h2>

<ul>
	<li>1819: This contemporary era began trading post of the British Empire.</li>
	<li>1824: A further treaty with the sultan led to the entire island becoming a British possession.</li>
	<li>1826: Singapore became part of the Straits Settlement.</li>
	<li>1836: Singapore became the regional capital.</li>
	<li>1860: The population hasd swelled to over 80,000, more than half being Chinese.</li>
	<li>1867: The colonies in Southeast Asia where recognized.</li>
	<li>1915: The only significant event during the war was the 1915 Singapore Mutiny by Muslim sepoys from British India.</li>
	<li>1921: The construction of the base proceeded at a slow pace until the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931.</li>
	<li>1939: World War II broke out, due to that fully occupied with defending Britain, leaving Singapore.</li>
	<li>1942: During World War II Singapore was occupied by the British. </li>
	<li>1945: Singapore returns to British control as a separate Crown colony.</li>
	<li>1959: Singapore gained self governance. </li>
	<li>1963: It became the part of new federation of Malaysia.</li>
</ul>

The timeline showcases Singapore as a rich and diverse history in a simple way. Let’s move on to the next aspect of this blog i.e. Geographical Aspects.

<h2 id="content-id-47230-2">Geographical Aspects of Singapore</h2>

Singapore officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city – state in maritime southern Asia. It is located about one degree of latitude (137kilometer or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west ,the Singapore Strait to the south , the south china sea to the east , and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country’s territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by approximately 25% since the countries’ independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects.

<img loading="lazy" alt="Geographical Aspects of Singapore" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Geographical Aspects of Singapore.webp" style="height:254px; width:400px">

[Source: PeakVisor]

<h3>Demographic snapshot:</h3>

Singapore is a multiracial, multiethnic and multicultural Asian society. Major religions include Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Taoism and Hinduism. There are 75.9% of the citizens and permanent resident visa holders are ethnic Chinese with Malays and Indians comprising 15.0% and 7.5% respectively. Singapore excludes 29% of the population as non-resident for the purpose of resident statistics. 

<h3>Soil and Vegetation:</h3>

In general, Singapore's terrestrial vegetation is lowland evergreen rain forest owing to its aseasonality, low elevation and flat terrain. The rest of this discussion will focus on the numerous local vegetation types that are found in Singapore and the surrounding region. 

<h3>Climate and Weather:</h3>

Singapore is situated near the equator and has a typically tropical climate, with abundant rainfall, high and uniform temperatures, and high humidity all year round. Many of its climate variables, such as temperature and relative humidity, do not show large month-to-month variation. Singapore is characterised by a hot and humid climate. Located just 1 degree north of the equator, it quite naturally enjoys a tropical/equatorial climate. The island does not have clear-cut seasons like summer, spring, autumn and winter.

<h2 id="content-id-47230-3">Political Aspects of Singapore</h2>

Singapore is a unitary parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government, and its legal system is based on common law. While the country is a multi-party democracy with free elections, the government under the People’s Action Party wields significant control and dominance over politics and society. Currently holding 79 out of 93 elected seats in parliament. Singapore is also a member of the United Nations, the world trade organization, the East Asia Summit, and the Commonwealth of Nations. 

<img loading="lazy" alt="Political Aspects of Singapore" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Political Aspects of Singapore.webp" style="height:298px; width:400px">

[Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Executive: The executive consists of the cabinet, led by the prime minister, and the Attorney General’s Chambers led by the Attorney General.</li>
	<li>Legislature: The Singapore Parliament is Unicameral and, together with the president, comprises the legislature. Member of Parliament consists of elected, non constituency, and nominated members.</li>
	<li>Judiciary: The judiciary’s function is to independently administer justice and is headed by the chief justice. The judges and judicial commissioners are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister. </li>
</ul>

The president is directly elected by popular vote for a renewable six-year term. Requirements for this position, which were enacted by the PAP government, are extremely stringent, such that only a handful of people qualify for the candidacy. Singapore’s stated foreign policy priority is maintaining security in Southeast Asia and surrounding territories. An underlying principle is political and economic stability in the region. It has diplomatic relations with more than 180 sovereign states.

<h2 id="content-id-47230-4">Culture of the Singapore</h2>

The major public holidays reflect the mentioned racial diversity, including Chinese new year, Buddhist Vesak Day, Muslim Eid ul-Fitr, Hindu Diwali and Christmas, Good Friday and New Year’s Day are also holidays. On 9 August Singapore celebrates the anniversary of its independence with series of events, including the National Day Parade which is the main ceremony.

<h3>Language:</h3>

The most spoken language of Singapore is Mandarin and different varities of Chinese. According to a population census, Mandarin in spoken by almost 51% of Singapore's population. The national language of Singapore, however, is Malay.

<h3>Cuisine:</h3>

Singapore is especially renowned for its seafood. Chilli crab and black pepper crab are two quintessential dishes that dominate the scene and are greatly recommended to tourists. Another favourite is sambal stingray.

<h3>Festivals:</h3>

Pongal, Chinese New Year, Thaipusam, Lantern Festival (Mid-Autumn Festival), Vesak Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Hari Raya Puasa, Singapore National Day, Deepavali, Hari Raya Haji, Hungry Ghost Festival and many more.

<h3>Performing Art:</h3>

Art can serve as a reflective, forward-looking and versatile form of expression for Singapore's national identity. They help draw Singaporeans of all backgrounds into the national conversation about our shared values and heritage.

<h3>Sporting Culture:</h3>

The history of sport in Singapore can trace as far back as the 19th century when settlers from abroad brought their nations' sports to our shores. Today, Singaporeans participate in an array of sports for recreation and competition, from football to tennis to cricket, to name a few.

<h3>Art and Craft:</h3>

Traditional crafts can be as simple as a basket or as complicated as fine woven silk. Whether it is a rug, a knitted sweater, an iron hinge, or a hunting decoy, people often invest time and effort, beyond what is needed for basic necessity, to produce crafts that are pleasing to the eye.

<h3>Cultural values:</h3>

Singaporeans are expected to give their parents and elders utter respect and devotion under the cultural concept of 'filial piety'. Filial piety is akin to the reverence of one's ancestors. In this way, Singaporeans tend to show more respect to the opinion of those older than them.

<h3>Multiculturalism:</h3>

The population of Singapore is diverse, the result of considerable past immigration. Chinese predominate, making up some three-fourths of the total. Malays are the next largest ethnic group, and Indians the third. None of those three major communities is homogeneous.

<h3>Indigenous Heritage:</h3>

The Singaporean Malays constitute approximately 13.5% of the country's citizens, making them the second largest ethnic group in Singapore. Under the Constitution of Singapore, they are recognised by the government as the indigenous people of the country, with Malay as the ethnosocial language.

<h2 id="content-id-47230-5"><img loading="lazy" alt="Culture of Singapore" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Culture of Singapore.webp" style="height:322px; width:400px"></h2>

[Source: Tripadvisor]

<h2 id="content-id-47230-6">Education of Singapore</h2>

In Singapore, the system includes six years of primary school, followed by four to six years of secondary school, and one to three years of post secondary school. The curriculum for primary schools is common for all students in years one to four. For years five and six, students can take individual courses at the foundation or standard level. Students who want to apply to university stay in secondary school for an additional two years to take A-level courses.

<h2 id="content-id-47230-7">Economy of Singapore:</h2>

The economy of Singapore is a highly developed free-market economy with dirigiste characteristics. Singapore economy has been consistently ranked as the most open in the world, the joint 4th least corrupt, and the most pro- business. Singapore has low tax-rates and the highest per-capita GDP in the world in terms of purchasing power parity. The Asia-pacific Economic Cooperation is headquartered in Singapore.

<img loading="lazy" alt="Economy of Singapore" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Economy of Singapore.webp" style="height:277px; width:400px">

[Source: StartupDecision]

Now, let’s check out some Interesting facts about Singapore.

<h2 id="content-id-47230-8">Interesting Facts about Singapore</h2>

Aside from its postcard-worthy attractions, Singapore is famous for its melting pot of food hubs, tidiness, and shopping centres. Dazzling skyscrapers decorate the skyline, which can be enjoyed by upscale restaurants and bars overlooking the city.

<ol>
	<li>Garden City: The “garden city” vision was introduced by then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew on 11 May 1967 to transform Singapore into a city with abundant lush greenery and a clean environment in order to make life more pleasant for the people.</li>
	<li>Marina Bay Sands: Marina Bay Sands® is a destination for those who appreciate luxury. An integrated resort notable for transforming Singapore's city skyline, it comprises three 55-storey towers of extravagant hotel rooms and luxury suites with personal butler services.</li>
</ol>

As Singapore moves forward, it carries with it the echoes of its colonial history, the vibrancy of its festivals, and the glamp of its street, food and the promise of a brighter, more prosperous future. Singapore remain a country that beckons explorers and enthusiasts alike, inviting them to delve into its myriad facts and discover the warmth and vitality that defines this remarkable islands. 

So, this is all for today. If you like this blog, do check out our blog on the country <a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/pdf/know-your-country-interesting-facts-about-sri-lanka-geography-polity-national-flag.pdf">Sri lanka</a> . We will meet again with some another interesting facts about some other countries. Till then stay tuned!

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