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Hey aspirant, welcome back to our captivating “Know your Country” series. This time, we invite you to join to explore a incredibly a remarkable country that is Egypt. Egypt, a country linking northeast Africa with the Middle East, dates to the time of the pharaohs.

 Egypt is known as "Gift of the Nile" as it is Egypt's lifeline. Without the Nile, Egypt would have been a desert. Historically, the Nile has provided water for the cultivation of crops in Egypt that led to the burgeoning of many civilizations along the river valley. Before looking at different aspects, one must know the country symbols of the particular country. The country Symbols of Egypt.

<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Egypt</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Official Name 
			</td>
			<td>
			Gift of the Nile
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Capital
			</td>
			<td>
			Cairo
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Continent
			</td>
			<td>
			Africa
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			President
			</td>
			<td>
			Abdel Fattah El-Sisi
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Prime Minister
			</td>
			<td>
			Mostafa Madbouly
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Currency
			</td>
			<td>
			Egyptian Pound
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Language
			</td>
			<td>
			Arabic
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Religion
			</td>
			<td>
			Sunni Muslim, Christian
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Flag
			</td>
			<td>
			<img loading="lazy" alt="National Flag of Egypt" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/National Flag of Egypt.webp" style="height:130px; width:200px">
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Anthem
			</td>
			<td>
			Bilady, Bilady, Bilady
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Game
			</td>
			<td>
			Soccer
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Bird
			</td>
			<td>
			Steppe Eagle
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Tree
			</td>
			<td>
			Doum Palm
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Flower
			</td>
			<td>
			 Lotus 
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

 

<img loading="lazy" alt="Egypt" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Egypt.webp" style="height:287px; width:400px">

[Source: RJ Travel Agency]

So now, let’s move on the first aspect of the blog i.e. History of Egypt.

<h2 id="content-id-51382-0">History of Egypt</h2>

The history of Egypt has been long and wealthy, due to the flow of the Nile River with its fertile banks and delta, as well as the accomplishments of Egypt's native inhabitants and outside influence. Ancient Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes. Egypt was a vast kingdom of the ancient world.

<h3>Ancient and Medieval Period:</h3>

Ancient Egypt was one of the world's first civilizations. It is also one of the most famous civilizations in history. The ancient Egyptians built huge pyramids, temples, palaces, and tombs. Their paintings and carvings are among the most splendid ever created. The history of territory of modern Egypt in the early Islamic period, beginning with the Muslim conquest of Egypt in the 640s and ending with the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517.

The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying, surveying, and construction techniques that supported the building of monumental pyramids, temples, and obelisks; a system of mathematics, a practical and effective system of medicine, irrigation systems, and agricultural production techniques, the first known planked boats, Egyptian faience and glass technology, new forms of literature, and the earliest known peace treaty, made with the Hittites.

<h3>Medieval Period:</h3>

The Early Dynastic Period was approximately contemporary to the early Sumerian-Akkadian civilization of Mesopotamia and of ancient Elam. The third-century BC Egyptian priest Manetho grouped the long line of kings from Menes to his own time into 30 dynasties, a system still used today. He began his official history with the king named "Meni", who was believed to have united the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt.

<h3>Colonial Period:</h3>

The ancient Egyptians viewed men and women, including people from all social classes, as essentially equal under the law, and even the lowliest peasant was entitled to petition the vizier and his court for redress. Although slaves were mostly used as indentured servants, they were able to buy and sell their servitude, work their way to freedom or nobility, and were usually treated by doctors in the workplace.

<h3>Independence and Beyond:</h3>

The country became a British protectorate in 1915 and achieved full independence in 1922, becoming a kingdom under the rule of Muhammad Ali's dynasty, which lasted until 1952. In deference to the growing nationalism and at the suggestion of the High Commissioner, Lord Allenby, the UK unilaterally declared Egyptian independence on 28 February 1922, abolishing the protectorate and establishing an independent Kingdom of Egypt. Sarwat Pasha became prime minister.

<img loading="lazy" alt="History of Egypt" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/History of Egypt.webp" style="height:275px; width:400px">

[Source: loveEXPLORING]

Before going further we will get discuss about The events of the country:

<h2 id="content-id-51382-1">Here is the timeline of some key events in Egypt</h2>

<ul>
	<li>1798 - The French Empire, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, invade Egypt. However, Napoleon is soon defeated and the Ottoman Empire once again takes control.</li>
	<li>1805 - Ottoman general Muhammad Ali becomes leader in Egypt. He establishes his own dynasty.</li>
	<li>1882 - The British defeat Egypt at the Battle of Tel el-Kebir. The United Kingdom takes control of Egypt.</li>
	<li>1914 - Egypt becomes an official protectorate of Egypt.</li>
	<li>1922 - The United Kingdom recognizes Egypt as an independent country. Fuad I becomes King of Egypt.</li>
	<li>1948 - Egypt joins a military coalition of Arab states including Jordan, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon and attacks Israel.</li>
	<li>1952 - The Egyptian Revolution occurs. Led by Muhammad Najib and Gamal Abdel Nasser the monarchy is overthrown and the Republic of Egypt is established.</li>
	<li>1967 - Israel launches an attack against Egypt called the Six-Day War. Israel takes control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula</li>
	<li>1970 - Nasser dies. Anwar al-Sadat takes his place as president.</li>
	<li>1971 - Egypt signs the Treaty of Friendship with the USSR. A new constitution is adopted naming the country the Arab Republic of Egypt.</li>
	<li>1989 - Egypt is admitted back into the Arab League.</li>
</ul>

The timeline showcases Egypt as a rich and diverse history in a simple way. Let’s move on to the next aspect of this blog i.e. Geographical Aspects.

<h2 id="content-id-51382-2">Geographical Aspects of Egypt</h2>

Egypt has a very arid climate with the majority of the landscape being dominated by large deserts to the east and west of the Nile River with vegetation occurring only in the Nile Valley, the Nile Delta and pockets of desert Oases. Egypt's most important geographical feature is the Nile River. There are three main geographical features in Egypt. First, most of the land is made of the desert. The Nile River is another important feature providing water, food, and transportation. The third important feature is the Nile Delta, the most fertile land in Egypt.

<img loading="lazy" alt="Geographical Aspects of Egypt" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Geographical Aspects of Egypt.webp" style="height:311px; width:400px">

[Source: World Atlas]

<h3>Demographical Aspects:</h3>

Egypt has a population of 109,500,000 (2023). According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Egypt from 1990 to 2008 was 23.7 million and 41%. Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Ethnic Egyptians account for 91% of the total population. The largest ethnic minorities include the Turks, Greeks, Abazas, and Bedouin Arab tribes in the Sinai Peninsula and the deserts to the east, as well as the Siwis in the Siwa Oasis and the Nubian people along the Nile.

<h3>Soil and Vegetation:</h3>

Egypt are clayey to loamy in texture. About 420 thousand ha are sandy and calcareous. The average results of physical and chemical analyses of soils. The Nile and irrigation canals support an array of water plants, including the iconic lotus of antiquity. Grasses such as bamboo and Phragmites, along with reeds like the Spanish reed and common reed, are widespread. The doum palm, acacia, eucalyptus, and sycamore are just a few examples of the flora present in Egypt.

<h3>Climate and Weather:</h3>

Egypt's climate is dry, hot, and dominated by desert. It has a mild winter season with rain falling along coastal areas, and a hot and dry summer season. Daytime temperatures vary by season and change with the prevailing winds. It usually snows on the Sinai mountains, but it almost never snows in the cities of Giza, Cairo, and Alexandria.

Now, let’s look at the Political Aspects of Egypt.

<h2 id="content-id-51382-3">Political Aspects of Egypt</h2>

The politics of Egypt takes place within the framework of a republican semi-presidential system of government. Egypt's current government is a party-based authoritarian regime featuring a cult of personality with Sisi, the president, at its center.

<ul>
	<li>Legislature: The Parliament of Egypt is the bicameral legislature of the Arab Republic of Egypt. It is composed of an upper house (the Senate) and a lower house (the House of Representatives). The Parliament is located in Cairo, Egypt's capital.</li>
	<li>Judiciary: The judicial system of Egypt is an independent branch of the Egyptian government which includes both secular and religious courts. The Egyptian judicial system is based on European and primarily French legal concepts and methods, combined with Islamic law.</li>
	<li>Executive: The Cabinet of Egypt is the chief executive body of the Arab Republic of Egypt. It consists of the Prime Minister and the cabinet ministers. The government has a leading role in shaping the agenda of the houses of Parliament.</li>
</ul>

<img loading="lazy" alt="Political Aspects of Egypt" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Political Aspects of Egypt.webp" style="height:402px; width:400px">

[Source: ConstitutionNet]

The Supreme Constitutional Court in Cairo is the highest court in Egypt. Its functions include judicial review of the constitutionality of laws and regulations and the resolution of judicial conflicts among the courts. Egypt is considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide.

So now, let’s look at the Culture of Egypt.

<h2 id="content-id-51382-4">Culture of Egypt</h2>

Generally, Egypt is quite a homogeneous society, with 99.6% being ethnically Egyptian. Most of the Egyptian population identify as Muslim, with the majority belonging to the Sunni variant. Religion was very important to the ancient Egyptians, and they worshipped hundreds of gods and goddesses.

<h3>Language:</h3>

The official language of Egypt is Arabic, and most Egyptians speak one of several vernacular dialects of that language. As is the case in other Arab countries, the spoken vernacular differs greatly from the literary language.

<h3>Cuisine:</h3>

Egyptian cuisine relies heavily on vegetables and legumes, but can also feature meats, most commonly squab, chicken, and lamb. Lamb and beef are frequently used for grilling. Offal is a popular fast food in cities, and foie gras is a delicacy that has been prepared in the region since at least 2500 BCE.

<h3>Festivals:</h3>

The Opet festival took place every year and was dedicated to the god Amun. During Opet, the Egyptians celebrated the renewal of the newly flooded Nile and reaffirmed the divine rule of the king.

<h3>Performing Art:</h3>

Musicians, often women, performed on instruments like clappers, lyres, harps, pipes, clarinets, cymbals, tambourines, and lutes. Dances featured acrobatic displays and, again, were typically performed by trained women.

<h3>Sporting Culture:</h3>

Football is by far the most popular sport in Egypt and the Egyptian national football team called the “Pharaohs” has taken home the African Cup of Nations a total of seven times which includes a three-peat performance in 2006, 2008 and 2010.

<h3>Art and Craft:</h3>

Ancient Egyptian art includes papyrus drawings, faience, ivory works, architecture, sculptures, paintings, jewelry, and more. While it covers an enormous timeframe in history, the style of art did not change much over the centuries.

<h3>Cultural values: </h3>

Egypt is quite a homogeneous society, with 99.6% being ethnically Egyptian. Most of the Egyptian population identify as Muslim, with the majority belonging to the Sunni variant 

<h3>Multiculturalism:</h3>

Egypt is a nation that has many communities and therefore different cultures, beliefs and opinions. These different cultures form the final Egyptian culture with its traditions and customs.

<h3>Indigenous Heritage:</h3>

Ancient Egyptian architecture is best known for its monumental temples and tombs built in stone, including its famous pyramids, such as the pyramids of Giza. 

<h2 id="content-id-51382-5"><img loading="lazy" alt="Culture of Egypt" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Culture of Egypt.webp" style="height:270px; width:400px"></h2>

[Source: United Guides Travel]

<h2 id="content-id-51382-6">Education of Egypt</h2>

The System of Education in Egypt Egypt's public education system is divided into three levels for children aged 4-14 years old: first there is kindergarten for 2 years, followed by primary school for 6 years, and then preparatory school for 3 years. Public education in Egypt is structured similarly to most Western education systems. Children start kindergarten at age four, move to primary school at age six and then start high school when they are 15 years old. At this point, there is a choice between academic, vocational and technical streams. Egypt has an extensive education system that outstrips all others in the Middle East and North Africa, and where even tertiary education is free. 

<h2 id="content-id-51382-7">Economy of Egypt</h2>

Egypt has a GDP of 1,047 billion USD based on the purchasing power parity (PPP). This ranks it as the 24 richest country in the world. Egypt, however, has a set of problems that hinder development and thus appears to be a poor country. The economy of Egypt used to be a highly centralized economy, focused on import substitution under president Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954–1970). During the rule of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, the economy follows Egypt's 2030 Vision. The policy is aimed at diversifying Egypt's economy. The country's economy is the largest in Africa by nominal GDP, and 38th in worldwide ranking as of 2023.

<img loading="lazy" alt="Economy of Egypt" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Economy of Egypt.webp" style="height:281px; width:400px">

[Source: ZAWYA]

Now, let’s check out Some interesting facts about Egypt.

<h2 id="content-id-51382-8">Interesting Facts about Egypt</h2>

Egypt is a land of breathtaking natural beauty, from the lush green Nile Valley and the crystal waters of the Red Sea to the expansive Sahara Desert and the serenity of the Sinai Mountains.

<ol>
	<li>Pyramids of Giza: The pyramids of Giza were royal tombs built for three different pharaohs. The northernmost and oldest pyramid of the group was built for Khufu, the second king of the 4th dynasty called the Great Pyramid; it is the largest of the three.</li>
	<li>Luxor: Luxor is the most well-known recognized City in Upper Egypt and the capital of Luxor Governorate, known famously for its oldest and most Ancient Egyptian sites. </li>
	<li>Nile River: The Nile, which flows northward for 4,160 miles from east-central Africa to the Mediterranean, provided ancient Egypt with fertile soil and water for irrigation, as well as a means of transporting materials for building projects.</li>
	<li>Great Sphinx: The Great Sphinx of Giza is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion. Facing directly from west to east, it stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt.</li>
</ol>

Egypt, known for its architectural and cultural treasure is the dream of every traveler. The mystifying Pyramids, the vast sand dunes of the deserts, the oasis, the Nile, It's dazzling capital Cairo, countless temples and tombs on along side of the river bank makes it amazingly beautiful and a land to be loved by all.

So, this is all for today. If you like this blog, do check out our blog on the country . We will meet again with some another interesting facts about some other countries. Till then stay tuned!

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