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Hey aspirant, welcome back to our captivating “Know your Country” series. This time, we invite you to join on an exploration of the country Argentina. Argentina is an incredible country in south America, known for its vibrant culture, stunning landscapes and passionate people. 

Argentina is known as Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. The country's name comes from the Latin word for silver, argentum, and Argentina is indeed a great source of valuable minerals. The country is a federal republic. There have been several democratically elected presidents after many years of political turmoil. Before looking at different aspects, one must know the country symbols of the particular country. The country symbols of Argentina are:

<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Argentina</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Official Name 
			</td>
			<td>
			Argentine Republic
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Capital
			</td>
			<td>
			Buenos Aires
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Continent
			</td>
			<td>
			South America
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			President
			</td>
			<td>
			Alberto Fernández
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Currency
			</td>
			<td>
			Argentine Peso
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Language
			</td>
			<td>
			Spanish
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Religion
			</td>
			<td>
			Roman Catholicism
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Flag
			</td>
			<td>
			<img loading="lazy" alt="National Flag of Argentina" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/National Flag of Argentina.webp" style="height:135px; width:200px">
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Anthem
			</td>
			<td>
			Himno Nacional Argentino
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Game
			</td>
			<td>
			Pato
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Bird
			</td>
			<td>
			The Rufous Hornero 
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Tree
			</td>
			<td>
			The Ceibo
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			National Flower
			</td>
			<td>
			Erythrina Crista-galli

			 
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

 

<img loading="lazy" alt="Argentina" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Argentina.webp" style="height:281px; width:400px">

[Source: Live Like It's the Weekend]

So now, let’s move on the first aspect of the blog i.e. History of Argentina.

<h2 id="content-id-35652-0">History of Argentina</h2>

Argentina was originally settled by many different tribes of people. The first major empire arrived when Inca Empire invaded in 1480. Some of present day Argentina became part of the Incan Empire and some resisted. In 1516, the Spanish arrived in the person of explorer and navigator Juan Diaz de Solias. The declaration and fight for independence (1810–1818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation.

<h3>Ancient Period:</h3>

Prehistory in the present territory of Argentina began with the first human settlements on the southern tip of Patagonia around 13,000 years ago. Native tribes of the Quebrada de Humahuaca were conquered by the Inca Empire, under Topa Inca Yupanqui, to secure the supply of metals such as silver, zinc, and copper. The Incan domination of the area lasted for about half a century and ended with the arrival of the Spanish in 1536

<h3>Medieval Period:</h3>

The viceroyalty was, however, short-lived due to lack of internal cohesion among its many regions and lack of Spanish support. Ships from Spain became scarce again after the Spanish defeat at the battle of Trafalgar, that gave the British maritime supremacy. The British tried to invae Buenos Aires and Montevideo in 1806 and 1807, but were defeated both times by Santiago de Liniers. Those victories, achieved without help from mainland Spain, boosted the confidence of the city.

<img loading="lazy" alt="History of Argentina" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/History of Argentina.webp" style="height:316px; width:400px">

[Source: Wikipedia]

The beginning of the Peninsular War in Spain and the capture of the Spanish king Ferdinand VII created great concern all around the viceroyalty. It was thought that, without a King, people in America should rule themselves. A new successful attempt, the May Revolution of 1810, took place when it was reported that all of Spain, with the exception of Cádiz and León, had been conquered

<h3>Colonial Period:</h3>

During this time, the Governors of Buenos Aires Province received the power to manage the international relations of the confederation, including war and debt payment. The dominant figure of this period was the federalist Juan Manuel de Rosas, who is portrayed from different angles by the diverse historiographic flows in Argentina: liberal history usually considers him a dictator, while revisionists support him on the grounds of his defense of national sovereignty

<h3>Independence and Beyond:</h3>

The United Kingdom officially recognized Argentine independence in 1825, with the signing of a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation on February 2; the British chargé d'affaires in Buenos Aires, Woodbine Parish, signed on behalf of his country. Spanish recognition of Argentine independence was not to come for several decades. After Argentina gained independence from the Spanish in 1816, the nation was paralyzed by tension between Centralist and Federalist forces.

Before going further we will get discuss about the events of the country:

<h3>Here is the timeline of some key events in Argentina:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>1776 - Argentina becomes part of a new Spanish colony called the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata.</li>
	<li>1810 - The May Revolution occurs in Buenos Aires. The Argentine War of Independence begins.</li>
	<li>1812 - Military leader Jose de San Martin joins the Argentine army in the fight for independence.</li>
	<li>1816 - Argentina declares its independence from Spain.</li>
	<li>1825 - The United Kingdom officially recognizes Argentina as an independent country through the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.</li>
	<li>1853 - With the approval of the Argentine Constitution the country becomes a republic.</li>
	<li>1864 - Argentina joins Brazil and Uruguay in the War of the Triple Alliance against Paraguay.</li>
	<li>1939 - World War II occurs. Argentina is neutral.</li>
	<li>1943 - The military takes over the government. One of the leaders is Juan Peron.</li>
	<li>1944 - Argentina joins the Allies and declares war on Japan and Germany.</li>
	<li>1945 - World War II comes to an end. Juan Peron and Eva Marie Duarte, also known as Evita, are married.</li>
	<li>1992 - The official currency is the peso which is tied to the U.S. dollar.</li>
</ul>

The timeline showcases Argentina as a rich and diverse history in a simple way. Let’s move on to the next aspect of this blog i.e. Geographical Aspects.

<h2 id="content-id-35652-1">Geographical Aspects of Argentina</h2>

Argentina is bordered by the Andes Mountains and Chile to the west. To the east of the Andes, the interior of the country is flat, fertile grassland called the Pampas. The eastern border of the country is the Atlantic Ocean. Bolivia is to the northwest and Paraguay is to the north. It encompasses immense plains, deserts, tundra, and forests, as well as tall mountains, rivers, and thousands of miles of ocean shoreline. Argentina also claims a portion of Antarctica, as well as several islands in the South Atlantic, including the British-ruled Falkland Islands. 

<img loading="lazy" alt="Geographical aspects of Argentina" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Geographical aspects of Argentina.webp" style="height:268px; width:400px">

[Source: Dove Viaggi- Corriere]

<h3>Demographical Aspects:</h3>

Most modern-day Argentines are descendants of these 19th and 20th century immigrants, with about 97% of the population being of full or partial European ancestry, while an estimated of 56% have some indigenous or mestizo ancestry, and 4-5% have some African or mulatto ancestry. In 2023, the population of Argentina amounted to approximately 46.23 million inhabitants, out of which approximately 23.35 million were women, and 22.89 million were men.

<h3>Soil and Vegetation:</h3>

The most fertile soils of Argentina are located in this region. They are Mollisols, the most important and widespread soil order in the region. Argiudolls are usually very deep and show a complex profile, with highly differentiated horizons. They are widely distributed in the arid and semiarid areas, occupying large parts of Patagonia and the NW of the country. This order is particularly important because most of the soils under irrigation along the main rivers are Entisols.

The northwest of Argentina is a fairly dry and desert-like region. Part of this is due to its altitude, high up in the Andean foothills, and in part due to the aridity of the soil, which is predominantly red sandstone. With this climate and location, comes the plant species that thrive in these dry climes.

<h3>Climate and Weather:</h3>

The majority of Argentina's climate is subtropical The Patagonian provinces: Neuquén, Río Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego, experience low rainfall, except in the strip adjacent to the Andes Mountains as well as in the southern end of the provinces of Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego. The weather in Argentina is as diverse as the landscape of the country. From the subtropics in the north to the icy glaciers in the south and the windy plains of Patagonia, Argentina spans a host of climatic zones.

Now, let’s look at the Political aspects of Argentina.

<h2 id="content-id-35652-2">Political Aspects of Argentina</h2>

The politics of Argentina take place in the framework of what the Constitution defines as a federal presidential representative democratic republic, where the President of Argentina is both Head of State and Head of Government. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Argentine National Congress.

<ul>
	<li>Legislature: The Legislative Power of the Nation shall be vested in a Congress composed of two Houses, one of Deputies of the Nation and the other of Senators for the provinces and for the City of Buenos Aires.</li>
	<li>Judiciary: The justice system is composed of the federal judicial branch and the judicial branch of each of the provinces and the autonomous city. In both systems, litigants are guaranteed to have the opportunity to appeal the decision of lower courts.</li>
	<li>Executive: The government of Argentina, within the framework of a federal system, is a presidential representative democratic republic. The President of Argentina is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the President.</li>
</ul>

<img loading="lazy" alt="Political aspects of Argentina" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Political aspects of Argentina.webp" style="height:277px; width:400px">

[Source: The Brazillian Reporter]

So now, let’s look at the Culture of Argentina

<h2 id="content-id-35652-3">Culture of Argentina</h2>

Argentine culture is a blend of European customs and Latin American and indigenous traditions. Argentines are quite proud of their nation and its blended heritage as well as their ability to rise above adversity. Argentina is rich in both indigenous and European cultures.

<h3>Language:</h3>

The official language of Argentina is Spanish, which is spoken by nearly all Argentinians. Because of Argentina's history, you may find several other languages in Argentinian records. These include Italian, Latin, German, and other European languages.

<h3>Cuisine:</h3>

Asado, dulce de leche, empanadas, and yerba mate are found throughout Argentina. In many parts of the country, food is prepared differently and different kinds of foods.

<h3>Festivals:</h3>

The Cosquín Festival is the most important festival in Argentina. The celebration lasts over nine nights in this small city not far from Cordoba. All genres of Folklore music are represented.

<h3>Performing Art:</h3>

One of Argentina's great cultural hybrids is the tango, a music style and dance that emerged from the poor immigrant quarters of Buenos Aires toward the end of the 19th century and quickly became famous around the world as a symbol of Argentine culture.

<h3>Sporting Culture:</h3>

Juego del pato, more commonly referred to Pato, is the national sport of Argentina and is a game played on horseback that combines elements of polo and basketball. It was invented in the 17th century by gauchos whose playing field would stretch from one farm to the next.

<h3>Art and Craft:</h3>

The artisans of Argentina are known for their ponchos, fajas, and bombachas that were worn by the gauchos. This nomadic style has infiltrated global fashion, and the handcrafted symbols of Argentinian heritage can be seen all across the world.

<h3>Cultural values:</h3>

Argentina's culture and traditions are a unique blend of Latin American indigenous traditions and European customs. While Spain gained an early foothold in the country, Italian immigration in the 19th century. 

<h3>Multiculturalism:</h3>

Its culture is a distinctive mix of indigenous African, and European influences that are evident in the literature, language, art, and food of the country. Its political history is equally fascinating. 

<h3>Indigenous Heritage:</h3>

The most populous indigenous groups were the Aonikenk, Kolla, Qom, Wichí, Diaguita, Mocoví, Huarpe peoples, Mapuche and Guarani Many Argentines also identify as having at least one indigenous ancestor.

<h2 id="content-id-35652-4"><img loading="lazy" alt="Culture of Argentina" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Culture of Argentina.webp" style="height:267px; width:400px"></h2>

[Source: Latin America For Less]

<h2 id="content-id-35652-5">Education of Argentina</h2>

Argentina has a long history of providing tuition-free access to local schools and universities, which in turn helps to generate a qualified workforce. The education system is composed of primary school, secondary school - level one, secondary school - level two, and university. No tuition fee is charged for programmes/courses offered by the public higher education institutions in Argentina, while the private higher education institutions charge a fee. The fee varies from 8,000-24,000 pesos a year, depending on the programme, level and the higher education institution.

<h2 id="content-id-35652-6">Economy of Argentina</h2>

Argentina is one of the largest economies in Latin America. Argentina has vast natural resources in energy and agriculture. The economy of Argentina is the second-largest national economy in South America, behind Brazil. Argentina is a developing country with a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, Argentina is one of the world's major exporters of soybeans and wheat, as well as meat. It is also one of the largest producers of wool and wine, but most of its wine is consumed domestically.

<img loading="lazy" alt="Economy of Argentina " src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Economy of Argentina (1).webp" style="height:421px; width:400px">

[Source: National Geographic Kids]

Now, let’s check out some Interesting facts about Argentina.

<h2 id="content-id-35652-7">Interesting Facts about Argentina</h2>

Argentina is famous for its excellent wine and food, as well as music and dance. Read on and you'll soon see why Argentina deserves a spot on your South America bucket list. From football to tango, here are just some of the many things.

<ol>
	<li>Islas Malvinas: The Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) are a remote South Atlantic archipelago. With rugged terrain and cliff-lined coasts, its hundreds of islands and islets are home to sheep farms and abundant birdlife.</li>
	<li>Argentine tango: Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires. It typically has a or rhythmic time signature, and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC.</li>
</ol>

Argentina is rich in both indigenous and European cultures. It's the origin of the tango. It's a capital of fútbol. And, its natural wonders are stunning, from the Perito Moreno Glacier, Iguazú Falls, and the Serranía de Hornocal, or Rainbow Mountain. Argentina is indeed a great source of valuable minerals. More important, however, has been Argentina's production of livestock and cereals, for which it once ranked among the world's wealthiest nations.

So, this is all for today. If you like this blog, do check out our blog on the country <a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/pdf/know-your-country-interesting-facts-about-england-history-geography-polity-national-flag.pdf">England</a> . We will meet again with some another interesting facts about some other countries. Till then stay tuned!

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