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In the ‘Parliament’ blog we’ve seen the works of Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. In the extend to that blog, we will now discuss the Union Cabinet Ministers and their works in detail. After that, we’ll look at the important Cabinet Ministries and Ministers of India. So, let’s start.

What is the Union Council of Ministers?

The Union Council of Ministers is a constitutional body that exercises executive authority in the Republic of India. It includes senior ministers, called ‘cabinet ministers’, junior ministers, called ‘ministers of state’, and deputy ministers. The Prime Minister is the one who leads the council. It is the supreme executive organ in the government. Some of the functions of the Union council of Ministers are as follows:

<ul>
	<li>Formulation, evaluation, revision, and execution of public policy to progress and practice.</li>
	<li>Executive control over administration and handling of crises and disasters whether natural or political.</li>
	<li>Coordination with different ministries in case of conflicts, duplication of functions, and empire building.</li>
	<li>Financial management and operation of funds like Consolidated Fund and Contingency Funds of India.</li>
	<li>Review the work of the Planning Commission.</li>
</ul>

The Union Cabinet is a smaller executive body which is the supreme decision-making body in India. It can be said generally, that a Cabinet is a good place to discuss important business without being interrupted. The cabinet comprises senior ministers who hold important portfolios such as defense, home affairs, education, and many more. The Prime Minister seeks the advice of the ministers in the union cabinet on important matters as it includes experienced ministers. They together carry out mutual decisions on various matters. It imposes the collective responsibility of the council to its members. The Cabinet meets very often to formulate policies and to decide on important matters of national note.

<h2 id="content-id-2083-0">Important aspects of The Union Cabinet</h2>

Related Articles in the Constitution of India:

Article 74(1) states that there shall be a council of ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President who shall, in the exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice. As established in the Shamsher Singh v. State of Punjab AIR 1974 SC 2192, the President is bound to act in accordance with the advice given by the Cabinet.

Article 75 (3) states that the Council of Ministers is responsible collectively to the lower house of the Indian parliament, called the Lok Sabha (House of the People). When a bill introduced by a minister in the Lok Sabha is not approved by it, the entire council of ministers is responsible and not the minister. The council of ministers upon losing the confidence of Lok Sabha shall resign to facilitate the formation of a new government. This means that the Council of ministers’ swim and sink together.

Article 78 (c) states that a minister shall not take any decision without being considered by the council of ministers.

Article 352 states that All union cabinet members shall submit in writing to the President to propose a proclamation of emergency by the President.

Appointment: According to Article 75 of the Indian Constitution a minister works at the pleasure of the President and is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister.

Termination:

<ul>
	<li>In case of death.</li>
	<li>Upon self-resignation</li>
	<li>Dismissal by the President for the minister’s unconstitutional acts per Article 75(2).</li>
	<li>Direction from the Judiciary for committing violation of law.</li>
	<li>Upon ceasing eligibility to be a member of Parliament.</li>
	<li>Under the provision of “Collective Responsibility” under Article 75, the Prime Minister and the entire Council of Ministers resign if a Vote of No Confidence is passed in the Lower House (Lok Sabha) of the Indian Parliament.</li>
</ul>

Role of the Cabinet:

<ul>
	<li>It is the highest decision-making authority in the system.</li>
	<li>It is the main body for policy making in the central government.</li>
	<li>It is also the supreme executive authority.</li>
	<li>It is the main coordinator of the central administration.</li>
	<li>It is an advisory body to the President.</li>
	<li>It is the chief crisis manager and deals with all emergency situations.</li>
	<li>It exercises control over higher appointments like constitutional authorities and senior secretariat administrators.</li>
	<li>It deals with all foreign policies and foreign affairs.</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="content-id-2083-1">Council of Ministers and Cabinet Ministers</h2>

<table cellspacing="0" class="Table" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Council of Ministers
			</td>
			<td>
			Cabinet Ministers
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Has 60 to 70 ministers
			</td>
			<td>
			Has 15 to 20 ministers
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			It includes cabinet ministers, ministers of states, and deputy ministers
			</td>
			<td>
			It includes only cabinet ministers
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			It does not meet as a body. It has no collective functions
			</td>
			<td>
			It meets as a body, usually once a week. It has collective functions.
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Its powers are in theory.
			</td>
			<td>
			It exercises, in practice, the powers of the council of ministers
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Its functions are determined by the cabinet
			</td>
			<td>
			It directs the council of ministers by taking policy decisions which are binding on all ministers
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Implements the decisions
			</td>
			<td>
			It supervises the implementation
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			It is a constitutional body. Its size is determined by the Prime Minister.
			</td>
			<td>
			It was added in Article 352 of the constitution in 1978 by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act.
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Hope you learned well. Stay connected for more.

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