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Hey aspirants! We're back with another blog on the blog series 'Know Your City'. The city you're going to learn about is 'Ranchi'. So, without a further delay, let's start exploring the city.

Nestled in the heart of Jharkhand, Ranchi captivates visitors with its unique blend of urban vibrancy and natural serenity. Known as the "City of Waterfalls," Ranchi boasts a stunning 34 waterfalls, creating a picturesque landscape. Home to over 1.5 million residents, this thriving metropolis embraces both modernity and tradition. The iconic Tagore Hill, standing tall at 300 feet, offers panoramic views of the city. Ranchi, with an average elevation of 651 meters, enjoys a moderate climate throughout the year. Its vibrant culture, diverse cuisine, and numerous educational institutions make it a compelling destination for exploration and discovery.

Before looking at the different aspects, one must know the city symbols of the particular city. The city symbols of Ranchi are:

<table cellspacing="0">
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			<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Ranchi</td>
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			State
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			 Jharkhand
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			Official Language 
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			Hindi, English
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			City Bird 
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			Asian Koel
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			City Animal 
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			Indian Elephant
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			City Tree 
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			Sal
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			City Flower 
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			Palash
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			Mayor
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			Asha Lakra
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			MP
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			Sanjay Seth
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			MLA
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			C.P. Singh
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	</tbody>
</table>

 

<img loading="lazy" alt="Ranchi" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Ranchi.webp" style="height:120px; width:240px">

[Source: lagatar]

So now, let's move on to the first aspect of the blog i.e., History of Ranchi.

<h2 id="content-id-35894-0">History of Ranchi</h2>

Nestled in the Chota Nagpur region, Ranchi's history unfolds with ancient traces dating back to 1400 BCE. From the Nagvanshi dynasty to British rule, Ranchi evolved, witnessing pivotal events that shaped its destiny.

<ul>
	<li>Ancient Origins (1400 BCE - 4th Century CE): The roots of Ranchi's history extend back to 1400 BCE, with evidence of iron slag, pot sheds, and iron tools in the Chota Nagpur region. The Nagvanshi dynasty thrived, choosing Chutia as its capital in the 4th century CE.</li>
	<li>Mughal Influence and Independence (17th - 19th Century): Under the Mughal Empire's expansion, Nagvanshi's sovereignty faced challenges but persisted. Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo established Satranji as the capital and built the Jagannath Temple in 1691. After the Battle of Buxar, Nagvanshi became a vassal of the East India Company.</li>
	<li>British Era and Independence Struggles (19th - Early 20th Century): In 1833, Ranchi emerged as the result of Captain Wilkinson renaming Kishunpur. Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo briefly declared independence in 1855, and the city played a role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.</li>
	<li>Shifts and Developments (1869 - 1900): Ranchi gained municipality status in 1869, becoming a town in the 1872 census. The Nagvanshi dynasty shifted its capital to Ratu in 1870. Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo contributed to the city's infrastructure with the construction of Ratu Palace in 1900.</li>
	<li>Notable Figures and Events (1900 - 1931): Freedom fighter Birsa Munda died in Ranchi jail in 1900. Jyotirindranath Tagore settled in Ranchi in 1912, and Tagore Hill stands in remembrance. Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo was the last ruler of the Nagvanshi dynasty (1931–2014).</li>
	<li>Post-Independence Growth (1950s - 2000): After independence, Ranchi experienced a population surge, growing from a 3.5% rate (1901–1941) to 14% (1951–1971). The establishment of industrial and educational institutions, including the Heavy Engineering Corporation in 1958, contributed to this growth. Ranchi served as the summer capital of Bihar until the formation of Jharkhand in 2000, becoming the state's capital.</li>
</ul>

Ranchi, with its rich historical tapestry, reflects resilience and progress. From ancient settlements to independence struggles, the city's journey encapsulates dynamic shifts, making it a vibrant hub in Jharkhand's narrative.

<h3><img loading="lazy" alt="History of Ranchi" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/History of Ranchi.webp" style="height:178px; width:254px"></h3>

[Source: Rise Ranchi]

<h3>Timeline for the major events that occurred in the History of Ranchi:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>1400 BCE: Earliest evidence of iron usage and settlements in the Chota Nagpur region.</li>
	<li>4th Century CE: Nagvanshi king Raja Pratap Rai established Chutia as the capital.</li>
	<li>1817: The British reduced Nagvanshi rulers to Jamindars after the Battle of Buxar.</li>
	<li>1833: Ranchi was founded by Captain Wilkinson as the South-West Frontier agency headquarters.</li>
	<li>1855: Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo declares independence from British rule.</li>
	<li>1869: Ranchi becomes a municipality.</li>
	<li>1872: Ranchi is recognized as a town in the census.</li>
	<li>1900: Freedom fighter Birsa Munda dies in Ranchi jail.</li>
	<li>1958: Ranchi becomes an 'administrative-cum-industrial' town with the establishment of Heavy Engineering Corporation.</li>
	<li>2000: Ranchi becomes the capital of the newly formed state of Jharkhand.</li>
</ul>

This timeline showcases Ranchi's rich and diverse history in a simple way. Let's move on to the next aspect of this blog i.e., Geographical aspects.

<h2 id="content-id-35894-1">Geographical Aspects of Ranchi</h2>

Nestled near the Tropic of Cancer, Ranchi at 651m elevation offers a captivating blend of geography. Its hilly topography and lush tropical forests create a unique microclimate.

<ul>
	<li>Elevation: Ranchi's elevation of 651m above sea level, coupled with hilly terrain, contributes to its pleasant climate.</li>
	<li>Topography: The city rests in the southern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau, forming the eastern section of the Deccan plateau.</li>
	<li>Waterfalls: Known as the "City of Waterfalls," Ranchi boasts 34 enchanting waterfalls.</li>
	<li>Area: Covering an area of 175 km², the city's picturesque landscapes are a testament to its natural beauty.</li>
	<li>Location: Positioned at 23°22′N 85°20′E, Ranchi's strategic location enhances its allure, making it a noteworthy destination in the Chota Nagpur region.</li>
</ul>

<img loading="lazy" alt="Geographical Aspects of Ranchi" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Geographical Aspects of Ranchi.webp" style="height:209px; width:280px">

[Source: ranchionline.in]

From cascading waterfalls to elevated terrains, Ranchi's geography is a captivating canvas. Its distinctive features contribute to a cityscape that is as vibrant as it is visually stunning.

<h3>Physiographic Aspects</h3>

Ranchi unfolds its physiographic charm with an elevation of 651 metres above sea level and a hilly terrain complemented by lush tropical forests. These natural features contribute to Ranchi's unique climate and overall geographical allure.

<ul>
	<li>Climate and Temperature: Blessed with a humid subtropical climate, Ranchi experiences summer temperatures ranging from 20 to 42 °C and winter temperatures from 0 to 25 °C, providing a comfortable year-round ambiance.</li>
	<li>Rainfall and Seasons: The city witnesses an annual rainfall of about 1430 mm, with significant precipitation from June to September. Ranchi's seasons unfold a symphony of climatic changes, making it a delightful destination.</li>
</ul>

Ranchi's physiographic canvas paints a picture of elevated charm, where hills, forests, and a moderate climate converge to create an enchanting setting for residents and visitors alike.

<h3>Demographic Snapshot</h3>

Ranchi weaves a tapestry of diversity and vitality. As of the 2011 census, the city's heartbeat resonates with a population of 1,073,427 within the Municipal Corporation and 1,456,528 in the urban agglomeration. Let's delve into the demographic fabric that defines Ranchi's essence.

<ul>
	<li>Population and Density: Ranchi stands as the 32nd most populous urban agglomeration in India. The city's pulse is felt in a vibrant population density spread across its 175 km² expanse.</li>
	<li>Sex Ratio: Ranchi has a balanced sex ratio of 52.1% males to 47.9% females.</li>
	<li>Literacy and Beyond: Boasting an admirable literacy rate of 87.68%, Ranchi emerges as a centre of educational vigour. Beyond the numbers, this city tells a story of growth, diversity, and opportunity.</li>
</ul>

In Ranchi, demographics narrate a tale of harmonious coexistence, educational zeal, and a thriving urban landscape. The city's allure lies not just in its numbers but in the vibrant life that these statistics represent.

<h3>Soil and Vegetation</h3>

Ranchi's soil diversity ranges from red and lateritic soils to fertile alluvium, fostering a rich agricultural tapestry. The city's terrain is adorned with dense tropical forests, contributing to its moderate climate. Amidst the hills and plateaus, a variety of vegetation, from deciduous to evergreen, flourishes. Ranchi's natural canvas is painted with a vibrant palette of flora, enhancing its ecological charm and environmental significance.

Ranchi boasts landmarks like the Tagore Hill, offering panoramic views. The majestic Jagannath Temple, built in 1691, stands as a testament to the city's cultural heritage. Ratu Palace, constructed in 1900, is a regal structure showcasing architectural finesse. These landmarks, alongside Birsa Munda Jail where the freedom fighter passed away, and the urban symbol of Heavy Engineering Corporation, contribute to Ranchi's unique identity.

<img loading="lazy" alt="Tagore Hill, Ranchi" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Tagore Hill, Ranchi.webp" style="height:210px; width:280px">

[Source: tripadvisor]

Now let's move on to the political aspects of Ranchi.

<h2 id="content-id-35894-2">Political Aspects of Ranchi</h2>

Spanning 175 km², Ranchi's municipal corporation operates under the Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011. With 55 wards, each led by an elected corporator, the city underwent municipal elections in 2018, witnessing a notable 49.3% voter turnout.

<ul>
	<li>The mayor and deputy mayor, directly elected, were won by Asha Lakra and Sanjiv Vijayawargia from the Bhartiya Janata Party. Ranchi anticipates its next municipal election in 2023, bringing political dynamics into play.</li>
	<li>Ranchi contributes to the Ranchi Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha Constituencies. Sanjay Seth, victorious in the 2019 General Election, represents the city in the Lok Sabha.</li>
	<li>Chandreshwar Prasad Singh, a Bhartiya Janata Party member, has served as the Member of Legislative Assembly since 2000.</li>
	<li>The political narrative of Ranchi unfolds through these elected representatives, shaping the city's trajectory in Jharkhand's political landscape.</li>
</ul>

Ranchi's political landscape intertwines local governance with broader parliamentary representation, shaping the city's civic trajectory.

<img loading="lazy" alt="Chandreshwar Prasad Singh, MLA" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Chandreshwar Prasad Singh, MLA.webp" style="height:194px; width:280px">

[Source: timescontent.com]

Now let's discuss the culture of Ranchi.

<h2 id="content-id-35894-3">Culture of Ranchi</h2>

Ranchi, a cultural kaleidoscope, weaves traditions into the vibrant fabric of daily life. Enriched by diverse influences, the city's culture mirrors the heart of Jharkhand. Let's unravel the tapestry that defines Ranchi's cultural ethos.

<ul>
	<li>Language and People: Hindi is predominantly spoken, fostering a warm linguistic unity. The city's populace, with a cultural amalgamation, contributes to its diverse charm.</li>
	<li>Attire: Traditional attire like sarees and dhotis coexists with modern clothing, reflecting a seamless blend of tradition and modernity.</li>
	<li>Cuisine: Ranchi's culinary landscape showcases a delectable fusion of tribal and regional flavours, from the iconic Thekua to local delights like Rugra and Dubhni Roti.</li>
	<li>Handicrafts: Intricate tribal handicrafts, including Dokra metalwork and Paitkar paintings, showcase the city's artistic prowess.</li>
	<li>Temples: Spiritual sanctuaries like the Jagannath Temple stand as architectural marvels, inviting both pilgrims and admirers.</li>
	<li>Literature and Festivals: The city embraces literature, with Jharkhandi authors contributing to its literary legacy. Festivals like Sarhul and Karma bring communities together, reflecting cultural unity.</li>
	<li>Religion: Diverse religious practices coexist harmoniously, symbolising tolerance and acceptance.</li>
	<li>Music and Dance: Folk music and traditional dances like Chhau and Jhumar resonate, keeping Ranchi's cultural heartbeat alive.</li>
</ul>

<img loading="lazy" alt="Culture of Ranchi" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Culture of Ranchi.webp" style="height:170px; width:280px">

[Source: ranchionline.in]

Ranchi's culture radiates resilience, diversity, and a harmonious blend of tradition with contemporary influences. Through language, cuisine, festivals, and artistic expressions, the city tells a story of vibrant heritage and the spirit of cultural unity.

Now let's talk about the next aspect i.e., Environment in Ranchi.

<h2 id="content-id-35894-4">Environment in Ranchi</h2>

Ranchi, cradled in the lap of nature, unfolds an environmental narrative that balances urban vibrancy with natural serenity. The city's green lungs, diverse flora, and urban biodiversity tell a tale of environmental coexistence. Let's delve into Ranchi's environmental symphony.

<ul>
	<li>Urban Biodiversity: Ranchi's urban landscape embraces biodiversity, with numerous parks and green spaces providing a haven for diverse species.</li>
	<li>Green Cover: The city spans 175 km², and its green cover plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and mitigating urban heat effects.</li>
	<li>Flora and Fauna: From the lush greenery of Birsa Udyan to the vibrant species in Nakshatra Van, Ranchi's flora and fauna contribute to its ecological richness.</li>
	<li>Environmental Challenges: Uncontrolled urbanisation poses challenges, impacting the city's once-moderate climate. Deforestation and developmental pressures underscore the need for sustainable practices.</li>
</ul>

In the heart of Ranchi lies a delicate balance between urban development and environmental preservation. The city's commitment to green initiatives and biodiversity conservation paints a hopeful picture, fostering a sustainable coexistence for generations to come.

<img loading="lazy" alt="Environment in Ranchi" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Environment in Ranchi.webp" style="height:188px; width:250px">

[Source: TOI]

Let's talk about the economic aspects of the city Ranchi.

<h2 id="content-id-35894-5">Economy of Ranchi</h2>

Ranchi, a pivotal industrial hub in Eastern India, stands as the economic powerhouse of Jharkhand. Nestled in the mineral-rich Chota Nagpur region, the city is aptly termed the 'Ruhr of India.' Let's unravel the economic tapestry that shapes Ranchi's dynamic landscape.

<ul>
	<li>Economic bloom: Home to notable organisations like SAIL-R&D, MECON Ltd, and Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers, Ranchi is a thriving centre for mineral-based industries. The Federation of Jharkhand Chamber of Commerce & Industries (FJCCI) and ASSOCHAM play pivotal roles in fostering industrial growth. Ranchi, a Tier-III city, earned acclaim as the highest employment generator, according to an ASSOCHAM study in 2010.</li>
	<li>Industrial Landscape: With major industrial areas like Kokar, Tatisilwai, and Namkum, Ranchi hosts prominent companies including MECON Ltd, Central Coalfields, and Heavy Engineering Corporation. The Lalpur, Hindpiri, and Doranda districts emerge as bustling business and financial hubs, showcasing Ranchi's economic vigour.</li>
	<li>Commercial Boom: Ranchi's skyline is dotted with shopping malls like Nucleus Mall, JD Hi-Street Mall, and City Centre Mall, attesting to the city's commercial prowess. Upcoming projects signal a continual economic surge, making Ranchi a beacon of growth in Eastern India.</li>
</ul>

<img loading="lazy" alt="JD Hi-Street Mall, ranchi" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/JD Hi-Street Mall, ranchi.webp" style="height:200px; width:280px">

[Source: Three best rated]

Ranchi's economic narrative, deeply rooted in its industrial diversity and commercial vibrancy, showcases a city poised for sustained growth. From mineral industries to emerging IT parks and thriving business districts, Ranchi exemplifies a dynamic economic landscape that mirrors the resilience and prosperity of the region.

In conclusion, Ranchi, the "City of Waterfalls," emerges as a captivating blend of history, culture, and economic vibrancy. With 34 enchanting waterfalls, an elevation of 651 metres, and a rich history dating back to 1400 BCE, Ranchi's charm is undeniable. The city's dynamic economic landscape, fuelled by mineral industries and commercial vigour, adds a modern touch to its historical tapestry. Ranchi's cultural kaleidoscope, diverse demographics, and commitment to environmental balance further solidify its unique identity. As Ranchi continues to evolve, it remains a compelling destination where tradition harmoniously intertwines with progress, creating a city that is truly the heart of Jharkhand.

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