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Here we’ll discuss the exquisite state of Andhra Pradesh which has rich and varied Culture and Tradition. Moreover, we will also discuss the Geography and Political Structure of Andhra Pradesh.

Do you know “Egg Bowl of Asia” is the name given to which state? Which is the 7th largest state by area and 10th largest state by population? In which state the famous pilgrimage site “Tirupati Balaji” is situated?

Read ahead for all the answers! 
 

<h2 id="content-id-699-0">Symbols of Andhra Pradesh</h2>

ANDHRA PRADESH (AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. This state is like a melting pot of varied cultures. Different dynasties and emperors have governed this region.

Now let us look at the important symbols of the state –

<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Andhra Pradesh</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Capital</td>
			<td>Amravati</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Telugu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Jasmine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Neem</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Blackbuck</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Rose-ringed Parakeet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Andhra Natyam</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (Present)</td>
			<td>Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present)</td>
			<td>S. Abdul Nazeer</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

 

<h2 id="content-id-699-1">Culture of Andhra Pradesh</h2>

The mixing of cultures and traditions of several states has formed the present-day culture of the region. The state of Andhra Pradesh and the Telugu people have contributed a lot to the cultural heritage of the country.

<h3>Famous Structures of Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The famous Ongole Bull looks similar to Nandi, the vehicle of Lord Shiva. It is said that all the stone sculptures of Nandi in all temples are modified after the Ongole Bull.</li>
	<li>The most visited pilgrimage site in India is Tirupati Balaji, also known as Venkateshwara Temple. It is located in the hill town of Tirumala at Tirupati in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The temple is dedicated to Venkateshwara (a form of Vishnu) who is believed to have appeared here to save mankind from the trials and troubles of Kali Yuga. This ancient Balaji temple is one of the most-visited temples in India.</li>
	<li>The Brass Icon of Nataraj Tirupati is perhaps the emblem of Andhra Pradesh.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Famous Structures of Andhra Pradesh" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Famous Structures of Andhra Pradesh.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Various Art Forms of Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Kuchipudi Dance – It is dance-drama performance art, with its roots in the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text of Natya Shastra. This is one of the 8 major Indian classical dances.</li>
	<li>Kalamkari Painting – This method of painting uses natural dyes onto cotton or silk fabric with a bamboo pen or kalam.</li>
	<li>Bidriware – It is a shiny silver inlay work against a black background. An alloy of zinc and copper is inlaid with designs in pure silver.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Kalamkari " src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Kalamkari.jpg" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Traditional Food, Clothing, Festivals, and Language of Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The Ministry of Tourism and Culture has issued a declaration of Telugu as a classical language. It is the biggest Linguistic Unit in India.</li>
	<li>Ugadi is a word derived from ‘Yug-Adi’. ‘Yug’ means age and “Adi” means starting. Ugadi is also called Chaitra Suddha Padhyami. The Lunar New Year’s Day varies every year as it begins on the First New Moon after the Spring Equinox. Generally, it falls between the months of March/April of the Gregorian calendar. Ugadi celebrates the arrival of the Spring Season and signifies “Prosperity”.</li>
	<li>The traditional food of Andhra Pradesh is “Pulihora” i.e. TAMARIND RICE, Poppadoms, Pesartu, Sambar, Rasam, Payasam, etc.</li>
	<li>Some of the most popular festivals of this state include Pongal, Makar Sankranti, Maha Shivratri, Sri Rama Navami, Lumbini festival, etc.</li>
	<li>Andhra Pradesh is known for its chowki dinner.</li>
	<li>Gongoora chutney and Pesarattu of Andhra Pradesh are famous worldwide.</li>
	<li>For men, Andhra Pradesh’s traditional dress is Dhoti and Kurta. Sometimes they wear Lungis and Shirts. Saris and Langa Vomi for women.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Culture of Andhra Pradesh" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Culture of Andhra Pradesh.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: andhraonline.in]

Now let’s come to its climate and conditions – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-699-2">Geography of Andhra Pradesh</h2>

It is located in the south-eastern part of the subcontinent.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal extension – 120 41′ and 19.070 northlatitude</li>
	<li>Longitudinal extension – 770 and 84040′ east latitude</li>
	<li>Area- 1,60,205 sq. km</li>
</ul>

Rank in India (Area wise) – 10th

<ul>
	<li>Population- 49.67 million or 4.9 crores (as per 2011 census)</li>
	<li>Districts – 13</li>
	<li>Andhra Pradesh has the second-longest coastline after Gujarat with a length of 974 km (600 miles)</li>
	<li>The highest peak is Arma Konda, located in the Godavari river basin with an altitude of 1680 meters above sea level. Moreover this is the highest peak of the Eastern Ghats.</li>
	<li>Krishna and Godavari are the major river systems of Andhra Pradesh. The basins of the rivers and their tributaries cover almost 75% of the state territory.</li>
	<li>Anantpur is the largest district of Andhra Pradesh by area. East Godavari district is the largest by population.</li>
</ul>

<h3>The Neighbouring States of Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

North-West: Odisha

North-East: Chhattisgarh

West: Karnataka

South: Tamil Nadu

North-West: Telangana

<h3>Climate of Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

<ol>
	<li>The climate of the state of Andhra Pradesh is hot and humid. Mostly the summer season is from the month of March to June and the moisture level is quite high during these months.</li>
	<li>The coastal areas have comparatively higher temperatures than the other parts of the state. Monsoon begins in mid-July with pleasant showers which continue till September.</li>
	<li>The average temperature ranges from 200 C to 410 C</li>
	<li>The North-East monsoon contributes to one-third of the annual rainfall (October and November)</li>
	<li>The period between November and February is said to be the winter season in Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>The winter temperature is not too cold and ranges between 120 C and 300C.</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The are four divisions of the Physical Characteristics of the state:</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Coastal Plain</li>
	<li>Deccan Plateau</li>
	<li>Central Plateau</li>
	<li>Eastern Highland</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>There are 3 Main regions:</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Coastal Andhra (6 districts)</li>
	<li>Uttarandhra (3 districts)</li>
	<li>Rayalaseema (4 districts)</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh include:</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Northern Circars</li>
	<li>Nallamalai Hills</li>
	<li>Vellikonda Range</li>
	<li>Palkonda Range</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Climate of Andhra Pradesh" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Climate of Andhra Pradesh.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Hindustan Times]

<h3>Soil and Vegetation:</h3>

The soil of this state has a wide variety. The major soil groups are-

<ol>
	<li>Red Soil: The area has 66% of red soil. The red soil is moderately permeable, prone to erosion, rapidly permeable, poor in fertility, and has intensive leaching.</li>
	<li>Laterite Soil: The area has 25% of the laterite soil. The laterite soil is permeable and well-drained. It is poor in fertility.</li>
	<li>Black Soil: The area has 5% of black soil. Generally, it contains higher salt content than the red soil. The salt increases with depth. The soil has higher clay content and is less permeable. Cotton production is very fruitful in this soil.</li>
	<li>Alluvial Soil: The area has 3% of the alluvial soil in proportion. Water Table occurs in 5 cm. This soil is very fertile and rich in CEC (Cation exchange capacity).</li>
</ol>

Now, let's move on to the political aspects of Andhra Pradesh. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-699-3">Political Structure of Andhra Pradesh</h2>

The state has a Bicameral Legislature within the Constitutional Framework of India. YSR Congress Party, Telugu Desam Party and Jana Sena Party are the main working parties.

Present CM – Y.S.Jagan Mohan Reddy from YSR Congress Party

<img alt="Jagan Mohan Reddy" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Jagan Mohan Reddy.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Telegraph India]

Present Governor – S. Abdul Nazeer

<img alt="Abdul Nazeer" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Abdul Nazeer.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Telegraph India]

<ul>
	<li>The State Legislature consists of Vidhan Sabha or Legislative Assembly (LA) and the Vidhan Parishad or Legislative Council (LC). The LC is indirectly elected through Single Transferable Vote whereas the LA is elected by adult universal suffrage under the First-Past-The-Post System.</li>
	<li>The LA is the lower house of the Andhra Pradesh Legislature. It consists of 175 members. The duration of LA is 5 years. Further, the assembly holds 3 sessions annually, i.e. Budget, Monsoon and Winter. The assembly building is located at Amaravati.</li>
	<li>The LC is the upper house of the legislature. It consists of 58 members. The council building is located at Amaravati. The time limit is 6 years. 50 members are elected and 8 are nominated. Interestingly, the Vidhan Parishad has been in existence in 2 spells – from 1958 to 1985 and from 2007 – till today.</li>
	<li>The High Court is the Andhra Pradesh High Court. The present chief justice is J.K. Maheshwari who took oath on 7 October, 2019.</li>
	<li>Representation of Andhra Pradesh in Parliament-</li>
</ul>

Lok Sabha- 25

Rajya Sabha- 11

First CM of Andhra Pradesh:

<ol>
	<li>T. Prakasam was the first CM of Andhra State. His term of office was from 1 October 1953 to 15 November 1954. He belonged to the state of INC.</li>
	<li>The first CM of Andhra Pradesh was Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy from 1 November 1956 – 11 Jan 1960. He belonged to INC.</li>
	<li>The first CM of Andhra Pradesh (after its division in 2014) was N.Chandrababu Naidu from 8 June 2014 – 29 May 2019. Naidu belonged to Telugu Desam Party.</li>
</ol>

First Governor of state was Chandulal Madhulal Trivedi from 1 October 1953 – 1 August 1957. The official residence of the governor is Raj Bhawan, situated in Vijaywada. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-699-4">Some Interesting Facts about Andhra Pradesh</h2>

<ul>
	<li>The first Telugu Journal, Satyadoota, appeared in 1833.</li>
	<li>Satish Dhawan Space Centre, located on the banks of Sriharikota in the Nellore district is one of the main attractions of the state.</li>
	<li>Telugu, the official language of Andhra Pradesh, was described by Englishmen as the “Italian of the East” for its sweetness.</li>
	<li>In 2014-15 the combined egg production of Andhra Pradesh (16.69%) and Telangana (13.53%) was 30% of the total egg production of India. Hence, Undivided Andhra Pradesh used to be called “The Egg Bowl of Asia”.</li>
	<li>Kandukuri Veersalingam (1848-1911) is the Father of the Renaissance movement in Telugu. The main achievements are Widow Remarriage (Hitkarini Samajam 1905), Education of Women (first school for girls in Andhra at Dhavaleswaram in 1874). He got the title of ‘Rao Bahadur’ in 1893 by the British Government and ‘Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar of the South’ at the Madras session of the Indian Social Reform Congress (1898) by M.G. Ranade.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="SDSC" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/SDSC.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Hope this blog was beneficial for you in understanding the state of Andhra Pradesh. In the next blog, we’ll be learning about the history, economy, and environment of this state. Click on the embedded link for <a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/know-your-state-Andhra-Pradesh-History-Environment-and-Economy-GK-Notes">'Interesting Facts about Andhra Pradesh - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes'</a>. We hope you will be able to answer related questions asked in SSC CGL, CDS, RRB NTPC, etc.

Thank You.

Here we&rsquo;ll discuss the exquisite state of&nbsp;Andhra Pradesh&nbsp;which has rich and varied Culture and Tradition. Moreover, we will also discuss the Geography and Political Structure&nbsp;of Andhra Pradesh.

Do you know &ldquo;Egg Bowl of Asia&rdquo; is the name given to which state? Which is the&nbsp;7th&nbsp;largest state by area and&nbsp;10th&nbsp;largest state by population? In which state the famous pilgrimage site &ldquo;Tirupati Balaji&rdquo; is&nbsp;situated?

Read ahead for all the answers!

<h2>Symbols of Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

ANDHRA PRADESH (AP)&nbsp;is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. This state is like a melting pot of varied cultures. Different dynasties and emperors have governed this region.

Now let us look at the important symbols of the state &ndash;

<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Andhra Pradesh</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Capital</td>
			<td>Amravati</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Telugu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Jasmine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Neem</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Blackbuck</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Rose-ringed Parakeet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Andhra Natyam</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (Present)</td>
			<td>Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present)</td>
			<td>S. Abdul Nazeer</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<h2>Culture of Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

The mixing of cultures and traditions of several states has formed the present-day culture of the region. The state of Andhra Pradesh and the Telugu people have contributed a lot to the cultural heritage of the country.

<h3>Famous Structures</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The famous&nbsp;Ongole Bull&nbsp;looks similar to&nbsp;Nandi, the vehicle of Lord Shiva. It is said that all the stone sculptures of Nandi in all temples are modified after the Ongole Bull.</li>
	<li>The most visited pilgrimage site in India is&nbsp;Tirupati Balaji,&nbsp;also known as&nbsp;Venkateshwara Temple. It is located in the hill town of Tirumala at Tirupati in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The temple is dedicated to Venkateshwara (a form of&nbsp;Vishnu)&nbsp;who is believed to have appeared here to save mankind from the trials and troubles of Kali Yuga. This ancient Balaji temple is one of the most-visited temples in India.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Brass Icon of Nataraj Tirupati&nbsp;is perhaps the emblem of Andhra Pradesh.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Various Art Forms of Andhra Pradesh</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Kuchipudi Dance &ndash;&nbsp;It is dance-drama performance art, with its roots in the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text of&nbsp;Natya&nbsp;Shastra. This is one of the 8 major Indian classical dances.</li>
	<li>Kalamkari Painting &ndash;&nbsp;This method of painting uses natural dyes onto cotton or silk fabric with a bamboo pen or kalam.</li>
	<li>Bidriware&nbsp;&ndash; It is a shiny silver inlay work against a black background. An alloy of zinc and copper is inlaid with designs in pure silver.</li>
</ul>

<h3><img alt="Kalamkari" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Kalamkari.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" /></h3>

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Traditional Food, Clothing, Festivals, and Language</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The Ministry of Tourism and Culture has issued a declaration of&nbsp;Telugu&nbsp;as a classical language. It is the biggest&nbsp;Linguistic Unit&nbsp;in India.</li>
	<li>Ugadi&nbsp;is a word derived from &lsquo;Yug-Adi&rsquo;. &lsquo;Yug&rsquo; means age and &ldquo;Adi&rdquo; means starting. Ugadi is also called&nbsp;Chaitra Suddha Padhyami. The Lunar New Year&rsquo;s Day varies every year as it begins on the First New Moon after the Spring Equinox. Generally, it falls between the months of March/April of the Gregorian calendar.&nbsp;Ugadi&nbsp;celebrates the arrival of the Spring Season and signifies &ldquo;Prosperity&rdquo;.</li>
	<li>The traditional food of Andhra Pradesh is&nbsp;&ldquo;Pulihora&rdquo;&nbsp;i.e. TAMARIND RICE, Poppadoms, Pesartu, Sambar, Rasam, Payasam, etc.</li>
	<li>Some of the most popular festivals of this state include Pongal, Makar Sankranti, Maha Shivratri, Sri Rama Navami, Lumbini festival, etc.</li>
	<li>Andhra Pradesh is known for its&nbsp;chowki dinner.</li>
	<li>Gongoora&nbsp;chutney and&nbsp;Pesarattu&nbsp;of Andhra Pradesh are famous worldwide.</li>
	<li>For men, Andhra Pradesh&rsquo;s traditional dress is Dhoti and Kurta. Sometimes they wear Lungis and Shirts. Saris and Langa Vomi for women.</li>
</ul>

Now let&rsquo;s come to its climate and conditions &ndash;

<h2>Geography of Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

It is located in the south-eastern part of the subcontinent.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal extension &ndash;&nbsp;120&nbsp;&nbsp;41&prime;&nbsp;&nbsp;and 19.070&nbsp;northlatitude</li>
	<li>Longitudinal extension &ndash;&nbsp;770&nbsp;and 84040&prime;&nbsp;&nbsp;east latitude</li>
	<li>Area-&nbsp;1,60,205 sq. km</li>
</ul>

Rank in India (Area wise) &ndash;&nbsp;10th

<ul>
	<li>Population-&nbsp;49.67 million or 4.9 crores (as per 2011 census)</li>
	<li>Districts &ndash; 13</li>
	<li>Andhra Pradesh has the second-longest coastline after Gujarat with a length of 974 km (600 miles)</li>
	<li>The highest peak is Arma Konda, located in the Godavari river basin with an altitude of 1680 meters above sea level. Moreover this is the highest peak of the Eastern Ghats.</li>
	<li>Krishna and Godavari are the major river systems of Andhra Pradesh. The basins of the rivers and their tributaries cover almost 75% of the state territory.</li>
	<li>Anantpur is the largest district of Andhra Pradesh by area. East Godavari district is the largest by population.</li>
</ul>

<h3>The Neighbouring States of Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

North-West: Odisha

North-East: Chhattisgarh

West: Karnataka

South: Tamil Nadu

North-West: Telangana

<h3>Climate of Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

<ol>
	<li>The climate of the state of Andhra Pradesh is hot and humid. Mostly the summer season is from the month of March to June and the moisture level is quite high during these months.</li>
	<li>The coastal areas have comparatively higher temperatures than the other parts of the state. Monsoon begins in mid-July with pleasant showers which continue till September.</li>
	<li>The average temperature ranges from 200&nbsp;C to 410&nbsp;C</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;North-East monsoon&nbsp;contributes to one-third of the annual rainfall (October and November)</li>
	<li>The period between November and February is said to be the winter season in Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>The winter temperature is not too cold and ranges between 120&nbsp;C and 300C.</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The are four divisions of the Physical Characteristics of the state:</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Coastal Plain</li>
	<li>Deccan Plateau</li>
	<li>Central Plateau</li>
	<li>Eastern Highland</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>There are 3 Main regions:</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Coastal Andhra (6 districts)</li>
	<li>Uttarandhra (3 districts)</li>
	<li>Rayalaseema (4 districts)</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh include:</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Northern Circars</li>
	<li>Nallamalai Hills</li>
	<li>Vellikonda Range</li>
	<li>Palkonda Range</li>
</ol>

<h3>Soil and Vegetation:</h3>

The soil of this state has a wide variety. The major soil groups are-

<ol>
	<li>Red Soil:&nbsp;The area has&nbsp;66%&nbsp;of red soil. The red soil is moderately permeable, prone to erosion, rapidly permeable, poor in fertility, and has intensive leaching.</li>
	<li>Laterite Soil:&nbsp;The area has 25% of the laterite soil. The laterite soil is permeable and well-drained. It is poor in fertility.</li>
	<li>Black Soil:&nbsp;The area has 5% of black soil. Generally, it contains higher salt content than the red soil. The salt increases with depth. The soil has higher clay content and is less permeable. Cotton production is very fruitful in this soil.</li>
	<li>Alluvial Soil:&nbsp;The area has&nbsp;3%&nbsp;of the alluvial soil in proportion. Water Table occurs in 5 cm. This soil is very fertile and rich in&nbsp;CEC&nbsp;(Cation exchange capacity).</li>
</ol>

Now, let&#39;s move on to the political aspects of&nbsp;Andhra Pradesh. 
&nbsp;

<h2>Political Structure of Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

The state has a Bicameral Legislature within the Constitutional Framework of India. YSR Congress Party, Telugu Desam Party and Jana Sena Party are the main working parties.

Present CM &ndash;&nbsp;Y.S.Jagan Mohan Reddy from YSR Congress Party

<img alt="Jagan Mohan Reddy" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Jagan Mohan Reddy.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: Telegraph India]

Present Governor &ndash;&nbsp;S. Abdul Nazeer

<img alt="Abdul Nazeer" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Abdul Nazeer.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: Telegraph India]

<ul>
	<li>The State Legislature consists of&nbsp;Vidhan Sabha&nbsp;or&nbsp;Legislative Assembly (LA) and the&nbsp;Vidhan Parishad&nbsp;or&nbsp;Legislative Council (LC).&nbsp;The LC is indirectly elected through&nbsp;Single Transferable Vote&nbsp;whereas the LA is elected by adult universal suffrage under the&nbsp;First-Past-The-Post System.</li>
	<li>The LA is the lower house of the Andhra Pradesh Legislature. It consists of&nbsp;175&nbsp;members. The duration of LA is&nbsp;5 years. Further, the assembly holds 3 sessions annually, i.e.&nbsp;Budget, Monsoon and Winter. The assembly building is located at Amaravati.</li>
	<li>The LC is the upper house of the legislature. It consists of&nbsp;58&nbsp;members. The council building is located at Amaravati. The time limit is&nbsp;6 years. 50 members are elected and 8 are nominated. Interestingly, the Vidhan Parishad has been in existence in 2 spells &ndash; from 1958 to 1985 and from 2007 &ndash; till today.</li>
	<li>The High Court is the Andhra Pradesh High Court. The present chief justice is J.K. Maheshwari who took oath on 7 October, 2019.</li>
	<li>Representation of Andhra Pradesh in Parliament-</li>
</ul>

Lok Sabha-&nbsp;25

Rajya Sabha-&nbsp;11

First CM of Andhra Pradesh:

<ol>
	<li>T. Prakasam&nbsp;was the first CM of Andhra State. His term of office was from 1 October 1953 to 15 November 1954. He belonged to the state of INC.</li>
	<li>The first CM of Andhra Pradesh was&nbsp;Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy&nbsp;from 1 November 1956 &ndash; 11 Jan 1960. He belonged to INC.</li>
	<li>The first CM of Andhra Pradesh (after its division in 2014) was&nbsp;N.Chandrababu Naidu&nbsp;from 8 June 2014 &ndash; 29 May 2019. Naidu belonged to Telugu Desam Party.</li>
</ol>

First Governor of state was&nbsp;Chandulal Madhulal Trivedi&nbsp;from 1 October 1953 &ndash; 1 August 1957. The official residence of the governor is Raj Bhawan, situated in Vijaywada.

<h2>Some Interesting Facts about Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>The first Telugu Journal,&nbsp;Satyadoota,&nbsp;appeared in 1833.</li>
	<li>Satish Dhawan Space Centre, located on the banks of&nbsp;Sriharikota&nbsp;in the Nellore district is one of the main attractions of the state.</li>
	<li>Telugu, the official language of Andhra Pradesh, was described by Englishmen as the&nbsp;&ldquo;Italian of the East&rdquo;&nbsp;for its sweetness.</li>
	<li>In 2014-15 the combined egg production of Andhra Pradesh (16.69%) and Telangana (13.53%) was 30% of the total egg production of India. Hence,&nbsp;Undivided Andhra Pradesh&nbsp;used to be called&nbsp;&ldquo;The Egg Bowl of Asia&rdquo;.</li>
	<li>Kandukuri Veersalingam (1848-1911)&nbsp;is the Father of the Renaissance movement in Telugu. The main achievements are Widow Remarriage (Hitkarini Samajam 1905), Education of Women (first school for girls in Andhra at Dhavaleswaram in 1874). He got the title of&nbsp;&lsquo;Rao Bahadur&rsquo; in 1893&nbsp;by the British Government and&nbsp;&lsquo;Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar of the South&rsquo; at the Madras session&nbsp;of the Indian Social Reform Congress (1898) by M.G. Ranade.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="SDSC" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/SDSC.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Hope this blog was beneficial for you in understanding the state of&nbsp;Andhra Pradesh. In the next blog, we&rsquo;ll be learning about the history, economy, and environment of this state. Click here for &#39;Know Your State Andhra Pradesh - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes&#39; &ndash; Part 2. We hope you will be able to answer related questions asked in&nbsp;SSC CGL, CDS, RRB NTPC,&nbsp;etc.

Thank You.

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Interesting Facts about Andhra Pradesh - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Know Your State Andhra Pradesh - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Hope you all must have read our last blog that focused on the cultural, geographical and political aspects of Andhra Pradesh. If you haven’t checked it out already, click here <a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/know-your-state-Andhra-Pradesh-Geography-Climate-and-Culture-GK-Notes">'Interesting Facts about Andhra Pradesh - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes' - Part 1</a>. Andhra Pradesh is a well-known state for its beautiful culture and heritage where one can experience the natural beauty of landscapes, architecture, art and culture.

Do you know the two important rivers i.e. Godavari and Krishna flow majorly through which state? Which is the brightest period of Telugu history?

Now going into deep about Andhra Pradesh, we’ll explore its history, environment and economy. Let’s start with the very first aspect – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-700-0">History of Andhra Pradesh</h2>

Andhra Pradesh is famous for its glorious past and you will explore the amazing ancient temples, places, monuments, forts and rich culture at this destination.

<h3>Ancient History:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>In the Ancient Period, Satvahanas and Eastern Chalukyas ruled the state.</li>
	<li>Satvahanas– According to Matsya Purana there were 29 rulers of this dynasty. They ruled over the Andhradesa including Deccan for about 400 years from the 2nd century B.C. to beyond the 2nd century A.D. Salivahanas and Satkarnis are other names of Satvahanas. Simuka was the founder of the Satvahana Dynasty.</li>
	<li>Some of the famous rulers are Satkarni II and Gautamiputra Satkarni.</li>
	<li>There was an excellent literary work written by Gathasaptasati of Hala in the reign of the 17th Satvahana King.</li>
	<li>Eastern Chalukyas– They also ruled in the area of Andhra Pradesh. This dynasty was a branch of the Chalukyas of Badami. They were originally of Kannada stock but they patronized Telugu and gave a fillip to it.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Medieval History:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The kingdoms which ruled in the medieval time are: Kakatiyas, Bahmanis, Vijaynagar, Qutb Shahis, and Mughal Rule.</li>
	<li>Kakatiyas: The 12th and the 13th centuries saw the emergence of the Kakatiyas. This period has been rightly called the Brightest Period of Telugu History. The Kakatiya Temple, dedicated mostly to Shiva. The most important of these temples are those at Palampeta and Hanamkota. The temple at Palampeta has been described as the brightest gem in the galaxy of Medieval Deccan temple architecture.</li>
	<li>Bahmanis: The Bahmani Kingdom was established in South India by Alla-ud-din Hasan Gangu by revolting against the Delhi Sultanate.</li>
	<li>Vijaynagar: The year A.D. 1336 saw the emergence of a new power, the kingdom of Vijaynagar in the south-western part of Andhra on the banks of the Tungabhadra. It was founded by Harihara and Bukka, who were two Sangam brothers, with the blessings of a great saint patriot of medieval India, Vidyaranya. Harihara became its first ruler. Sri Krishnadevraya also belonged to the Vijaynagar Kingdom.</li>
	<li>Mughal Rule: Aurangzeb, the Mughal Rule emperor invaded Golconda in 1687 A.D. and annexed it to the Mughal Empire. When this was done, Golconda became part of the Deccan Subha and a Nizam was appointed as an agent of the Mughal Emperor.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Modern Period:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>In the early nineteenth century, Northern Circars was ceded to the British East India Company and became part of the Madras Presidency. Eventually, this region emerged as the Coastal Andhra region.</li>
	<li>Later the Nizam rulers of Hyderabad ceded 5 territories to the British that eventually became the Rayalaseema region.</li>
	<li>The Nizams retained control of interior provinces as the princely state of Hyderabad, acknowledging British rule in return for local autonomy.</li>
	<li>However, Komaram Bheem, a tribal leader started his fight against the erstwhile Asaf Jahi Dynasty for the liberation of Hyderabad state.</li>
	<li>Meanwhile, the French occupied Yanam, in the Godavari delta and would hold it until 1954. In 1974 Vizianagaram was the largest Hindu princely state in Andhra Pradesh.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="History of Andhra Pradesh" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/History of Andhra Pradesh.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h2 id="content-id-700-1">Freedom Struggle in Andhra Pradesh</h2>

<ul>
	<li>In 1920, when Gandhiji started his non-cooperation movement, it had an immediate response in Andhra. Under the leadership of eminent men like Konda Venkatappaiah, Tanguturi Prakasam Panthlu, Bulusu Sambamurti and Bhogaraju Pattabhi Seetaramaiah.</li>
	<li>The “Forest Satyagraha” of the ryots of Palnad in Guntur district in 1921. The peasants of this place had to pay heavy tax for permission to graze their cattle in forest. When the crops failed that year, they decided to send their cattle into the forests without paying the fee and suffer the penalties. British took the cattle forcibly, confined them in cattle-pounds and refused to free them unless the fee was paid.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Freedom Struggle in Andhra Pradesh" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Freedom Struggle in Andhra Pradesh.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: wordpress.com]

Andhra Pradesh welcomes you with amazing natural beauty and you will find dense forests, cloudy hills, glittering rivers, undulating mountains and silvery waterfalls in this state. Coming to the next aspect – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-700-2">Environment of Andhra Pradesh</h2>

Andhra Pradesh is also famous for many hill stations, national parks, beaches and sanctuaries. The beautiful culture and heritage and eye-catching beauty attract lots of tourists from all over the world to Andhra Pradesh.

<h3>Major Dams:</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Nagarjunasagar Dam: This dam is built across the Krishna River forming a boundary between the Telangana and Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Srisailam Dam: It is constructed on the Krishna River at the border of Telangana and Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Polavaram Dam: It is built across the Godavari River which is a multi-purpose irrigation project under construction in Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Prakasam Barrage: It is built across the Krishna River, located at the outskirts of Vijaywada and the barrage also serves as a road bridge over a lake.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Nagarajunasagar Dam" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Nagarjunasagar Dam.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Telangana Today]

<h3>Flora and Fauna of Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

<ol>
	<li>The vegetation found in the state is large of dry deciduous types with a mixture of Teak, Terminalia, Dalbergia, Pterocarpus, Anogeissus, etc.</li>
	<li>The estuaries of river Godavari and Krishna support rich mangrove forests with fishing cats and others as keystone species.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Important National Parks in Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

There are 3 national parks in the state.

<ol>
	<li>Sri Venkateswara National Park: It is located on the Eastern Ghats and is home to endemic plant species and interesting fauna species like Slender Loris, Wild Dog, etc.</li>
	<li>Papikondalu National Park: Located in the districts of East and West Godavari. The area was declared as a national park recently in 2008.</li>
	<li>Rajiv Gandhi National Park: Located in Rameswaram of Kadapa district, the park lies on the Penna River. An area of Tropical dry deciduous forest mostly growing on sandy soil.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Venkateswara National Park" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Venkateswara National Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Important Wildlife Sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Nagarjunasagar Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Srisailam and is often referred to as Nagarjunasaga-Srisailam Sanctuary. The sanctuary has 150 species of birds which include Grey Hornbill and pea fouls.</li>
	<li>Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in Kakinada, it is famous for being home to critically endangered white-backed vulture and long-billed vulture.</li>
	<li>Kaundiya Wildlife Sanctuary: Only sanctuary in the state to have a sizeable population of Asian elephants which have migrated from the neighbouring states.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="NWS" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/NWS.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Telangana Tourism]

<h3>Major Rivers in Andhra Pradesh:</h3>

There are two major rivers that flow through these states and that are: Godavari and Krishna.

1. Godavari: This River rises from Trimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra and empties into the Bay of Bengal. The Satmala Hills are in the North of the Godavari basin, the Ajanta range and the Mahadeo hills are in the South, the Eastern Ghats are on the East, and the Western Ghats are on it’s West. It is also known as “Dakshin Ganga”. It extends over the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Chattisgarh and Odisha in addition to smaller parts in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Union Territory of Puducherry. The principal tributaries of the river are:

RIGHT – The Pravara, the Maxer and the Manjra

LEFT – The Penganga, the Wardha, the Wainganga and the Pranhita, the Indravati, the Purna and the Sabri.

<img alt="Godavari River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Godavari River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Sorce: Wikipedia]

2. Krishna: The Krishna River originates in the Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar. The Krishna River is the biggest river in terms of water inflows and river basins area in India, after the Ganga, the Godavari and the Brahmaputra. It spreads over Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The river merges into the Bay of Bengal of Hamasaladeevi. The major tributaries are –

LEFT – Bhima, Dindi, Peddavagu, Halia, Musi, Paleru and Munneru

RIGHT – Veena, Koyna, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha and Tungabhadra. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-700-3">Economy of Andhra Pradesh</h2>

For any state, the economy plays a significant role in its growth as well as development. The following points show the economical aspect of Andhra Pradesh.

<ul>
	<li>The state ranks 9th in terms of GDP, with Rs.11.0 lakh crore.</li>
	<li>The GDP growth rate of Andhra Pradesh for 2018-19 is 15.3%.</li>
	<li>The GDP per capita rank is 16th with Rs. 192,144.</li>
	<li>GDP by sector is –</li>
</ul>

Agricultural Sector – 34%

Industrial Sector – 23%

Service Sector – 43%

<ul>
	<li>The Unemployment rate is 4.5% as per 2017-18.</li>
	<li>The state has been ranked the best state in ease of doing business in the country by the World Bank.</li>
	<li>Andhra Pradesh is also known as “Ratna Garbha” of India. Its resources estimate to 110 M tonnes of industrial grade minerals and 200 M tonnes of building material.</li>
	<li>The famous diamonds Kohinoor and Pitt came from the mines of Golconda.</li>
	<li>Tummalpalle mines are a rich source of Uranium.</li>
</ul>

 

<h2 id="content-id-700-4">Education in Andhra Pradesh</h2>

According to the census of 2011, the literacy rate of Andhra Pradesh is 67.41%.

<ul>
	<li>There are total 18 state universities in the districts which provide higher education in horticulture, la, medical, technology, Vedic and veterinary.</li>
	<li>Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT) was established by the government of Andhra Pradesh in 2008 to cater to the education needs of the rural youth of Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>The central universities are All India Institute of Medical Sciences, IIM Vishakhapatnam, IIT Tirupathi, IIITDM Kurnool etc.</li>
	<li>Andhra University is the oldest of the universities in the state, established in 1926.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="IIMV" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/IIMV.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: IIMV] 
 

<h2 id="content-id-700-5">Sports in Andhra Pradesh</h2>

Talking about sports, the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh is the governing body which looks after its infrastructural development.

<ul>
	<li>Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the state.</li>
	<li>In Vishakhapatnam, there is a stadium which is home to Andhra Pradesh cricket team i.e. ACA-VDCA stadium.</li>
	<li>The youngest woman ever to become a grandmaster in chess is Humpy Koneru, from Gudivada of Krishna district.</li>
	<li>The first female Indian to win an Olympic medal is Karnam Malleswar, hails from Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. </li>
</ul>

<img alt="ACA Stadium" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/ACA Stadium.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: BCCI]

And at last, here are Some Interesting Facts about Andhra Pradesh which will blow your mind.

<ul>
	<li>Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple of Srisailam district (Kurnool district) is one of the 12 Jyotirilings of Shiva.</li>
	<li>Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the second president of India and Bharat Ratna Award Winner also hails from Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Tanguturi Prakasam is also known as “Andhra Kesan”.</li>
	<li>The magnificent Falaknuma palace of Hyderabad was built by Nawab Viqar-Ul-Umra in the year 1893. It was later turned into a luxurious hotel.</li>
	<li>The present capital i.e. Due to the diplomacy of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Hyderabad was captured on 17 September 1948 by a military operation named “Operation Polo”.</li>
</ul>

So, this was all the required essential information that you’ll be needing while preparing for your competitive exams such as Civil Services, CDS, SSC CGL, etc. Hope this blog would help you in understanding this state.

In our next blog, we will be discussing everything that you need to know about the state of Arunachal Pradesh.

Hope you all must have read our last blog that focused on the cultural, geographical and political aspects of&nbsp;Andhra Pradesh.&nbsp;If you haven&rsquo;t checked it out already, click here &#39;Know Your State Andhra Pradesh - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes&#39;. Andhra Pradesh is a well-known state for its beautiful culture and heritage where one can experience the natural beauty of landscapes, architecture, art and culture.

Do you know the two important rivers i.e.&nbsp;Godavari&nbsp;and&nbsp;Krishna&nbsp;flow majorly through which state? Which is the&nbsp;brightest period of Telugu history?

Now going into deep about Andhra Pradesh, we&rsquo;ll explore its history, environment and economy. Let&rsquo;s start with the very first aspect &ndash;

<h2>History of Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

Andhra Pradesh is famous for its glorious past and you will explore the amazing ancient temples, places, monuments, forts and rich culture at this destination.

<h3>Ancient History</h3>

<ul>
	<li>In the Ancient Period,&nbsp;Satvahanas&nbsp;and&nbsp;Eastern Chalukyas&nbsp;ruled the state.</li>
	<li>Satvahanas&ndash;&nbsp;According to Matsya Purana there were 29 rulers of this dynasty. They ruled over the Andhradesa including Deccan for about 400 years from the 2nd&nbsp;century B.C. to beyond the 2nd&nbsp;century A.D. Salivahanas and Satkarnis are other names of Satvahanas.&nbsp;Simuka&nbsp;was the founder of the Satvahana Dynasty.</li>
	<li>Some of the famous rulers are Satkarni II and Gautamiputra Satkarni.</li>
	<li>There was an excellent literary work written by Gathasaptasati of Hala in the reign of the 17th&nbsp;Satvahana King.</li>
	<li>Eastern Chalukyas&ndash;&nbsp;They also ruled in the area of Andhra Pradesh. This dynasty was a branch of the Chalukyas of Badami. They were originally of Kannada stock but they patronized Telugu and gave a fillip to it.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Medieval History</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The kingdoms which ruled in the medieval time are:&nbsp;Kakatiyas, Bahmanis, Vijaynagar, Qutb Shahis, and Mughal Rule.</li>
	<li>Kakatiyas:&nbsp;The 12th&nbsp;and the 13th&nbsp;centuries saw the emergence of the Kakatiyas. This period has been rightly called the Brightest Period of&nbsp;Telugu History.&nbsp;The Kakatiya Temple, dedicated mostly to Shiva. The most important of these temples are those at&nbsp;Palampeta&nbsp;and&nbsp;Hanamkota.&nbsp;The temple at Palampeta has been described as the&nbsp;brightest gem in the galaxy of Medieval Deccan temple architecture.</li>
	<li>Bahmanis:&nbsp;The Bahmani Kingdom was established in South India by Alla-ud-din Hasan Gangu by revolting against the Delhi Sultanate.</li>
	<li>Vijaynagar:&nbsp;The year A.D. 1336 saw the emergence of a new power, the kingdom of Vijaynagar in the south-western part of Andhra on the banks of the Tungabhadra. It was founded by&nbsp;Harihara&nbsp;and&nbsp;Bukka,&nbsp;who were two Sangam brothers, with the blessings of a great saint patriot of medieval India,&nbsp;Vidyaranya.&nbsp;Harihara became its first ruler. Sri Krishnadevraya also belonged to the Vijaynagar Kingdom.</li>
	<li>Mughal Rule: Aurangzeb, the Mughal Rule emperor invaded Golconda in 1687 A.D. and annexed it to the Mughal Empire. When this was done, Golconda became part of the Deccan Subha and a Nizam was appointed as an agent of the Mughal Emperor.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Modern Period</h3>

<ul>
	<li>In the early nineteenth century, Northern Circars was ceded to the British East India Company and became part of the Madras Presidency. Eventually, this region emerged as the Coastal Andhra region.</li>
	<li>Later the Nizam rulers of Hyderabad ceded 5 territories to the British that eventually became the Rayalaseema region.</li>
	<li>The Nizams retained control of interior provinces as the princely state of Hyderabad, acknowledging British rule in return for local autonomy.</li>
	<li>However, Komaram Bheem, a tribal leader started his fight against the erstwhile Asaf Jahi Dynasty for the liberation of Hyderabad state.</li>
	<li>Meanwhile, the French occupied Yanam, in the Godavari delta and would hold it until 1954. In 1974 Vizianagaram was the largest Hindu princely state in Andhra Pradesh.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Freedom Struggle in Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>In 1920, when Gandhiji started his non-cooperation movement, it had an immediate response in Andhra. Under the leadership of eminent men like Konda Venkatappaiah, Tanguturi Prakasam Panthlu, Bulusu Sambamurti and Bhogaraju Pattabhi Seetaramaiah.</li>
	<li>The &ldquo;Forest Satyagraha&rdquo; of the ryots of Palnad in Guntur district in 1921. The peasants of this place had to pay heavy tax for permission to graze their cattle in forest. When the crops failed that year, they decided to send their cattle into the forests without paying the fee and suffer the penalties. British took the cattle forcibly, confined them in cattle-pounds and refused to free them unless the fee was paid.</li>
</ul>

Andhra Pradesh welcomes you with amazing natural beauty and you will find dense forests, cloudy hills, glittering rivers, undulating mountains and silvery waterfalls in this state. Coming to the next aspect &ndash;

&nbsp;

<h2>Environment of Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

Andhra Pradesh is also famous for many hill stations, national parks, beaches and sanctuaries. The beautiful culture and heritage and eye-catching beauty attract lots of tourists from all over the world to Andhra Pradesh.

<h3>Major Dams</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Nagarjunasagar Dam:&nbsp;This dam is built across the Krishna River forming a boundary between the Telangana and Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Srisailam Dam:&nbsp;It is constructed on the Krishna River at the border of Telangana and Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Polavaram Dam:&nbsp;It is built across the Godavari River which is a multi-purpose irrigation project under construction in Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Prakasam Barrage:&nbsp;It is built across the Krishna River, located at the outskirts of Vijaywada and the barrage also serves as a road bridge over a lake.</li>
</ol>

<h3><img alt="Nagarajunasagar Dam" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Nagarjunasagar Dam.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" /></h3>

[Image Source: Telangana Today]

<h3>Flora and Fauna</h3>

<ol>
	<li>The vegetation found in the state is large of dry deciduous types with a mixture of&nbsp;Teak, Terminalia, Dalbergia, Pterocarpus, Anogeissus, etc.</li>
	<li>The estuaries of river Godavari and Krishna support rich mangrove forests with fishing cats and others as keystone species.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Important National Parks&nbsp;</h3>

There are&nbsp;3&nbsp;national parks in the state.

<ol>
	<li>Sri Venkateswara National Park:&nbsp;It is located on the Eastern Ghats and is home to endemic plant species and interesting fauna species like Slender Loris, Wild Dog, etc.</li>
	<li>Papikondalu National Park:&nbsp;Located in the districts of East and West Godavari. The area was declared as a national park recently in 2008.</li>
	<li>Rajiv Gandhi National Park:&nbsp;Located in Rameswaram of Kadapa district, the park lies on the Penna River. An area of Tropical dry deciduous forest mostly growing on sandy soil.</li>
</ol>

<h3><img alt="Venkateswara National Park" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Venkateswara National Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" /></h3>

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Important Wildlife Sanctuaries</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Nagarjunasagar Wildlife Sanctuary:&nbsp;This is located in Srisailam and is often referred to as Nagarjunasaga-Srisailam Sanctuary. The sanctuary has 150 species of birds which include Grey Hornbill and pea fouls.</li>
	<li>Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary:&nbsp;Located in Kakinada, it is famous for being home to critically endangered white-backed vulture and long-billed vulture.</li>
	<li>Kaundiya Wildlife Sanctuary:&nbsp;Only sanctuary in the state to have a sizeable population of Asian elephants which have migrated from the neighbouring states.</li>
</ol>

<h3><img alt="NWS" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/NWS.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" /></h3>

[Image Source: Telangana Tourism]

<h3>Major Rivers</h3>

There are two major rivers that flow through these states and that are:&nbsp;Godavari&nbsp;and Krishna.

<ol>
	<li>Godavari:&nbsp;This River rises from&nbsp;Trimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra&nbsp;and empties into the Bay of Bengal. The Satmala Hills are in the North of the Godavari basin, the Ajanta range and the Mahadeo hills are in the South, the Eastern Ghats are on the East, and the Western Ghats are on it&rsquo;s West. It is also known as&nbsp;&ldquo;Dakshin Ganga&rdquo;. It extends over the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Chattisgarh and Odisha in addition to smaller parts in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Union Territory of Puducherry. The principal tributaries of the river are:</li>
</ol>

RIGHT &ndash;&nbsp;The Pravara, the Maxer and the Manjra

LEFT &ndash;&nbsp;The Penganga, the Wardha, the Wainganga and the Pranhita, the Indravati, the Purna and the Sabri.

<img alt="Godavari River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Godavari River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Sorce: Wikipedia]

<ol start="2">
	<li>Krishna:&nbsp;The Krishna River originates in the Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar. The Krishna River is the biggest river in terms of water inflows and river basins area in India, after the Ganga, the Godavari and the Brahmaputra. It spreads over Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The river merges into the Bay of Bengal of Hamasaladeevi. The major tributaries are &ndash;</li>
</ol>

LEFT &ndash;&nbsp;Bhima, Dindi, Peddavagu, Halia, Musi, Paleru and Munneru

RIGHT &ndash;&nbsp;Veena, Koyna, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha and Tungabhadra.

<h2>Economy of Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

For any state, the economy plays a significant role in its growth as well as development. The following points show the economical aspect of Andhra Pradesh.

<ul>
	<li>The state ranks&nbsp;9th&nbsp;in terms of GDP, with Rs.11.0 lakh crore.</li>
	<li>The GDP growth rate of Andhra Pradesh for 2018-19 is&nbsp;15.3%.</li>
	<li>The GDP per capita rank is&nbsp;16th&nbsp;with Rs. 192,144.</li>
	<li>GDP by sector is &ndash;</li>
</ul>

Agricultural Sector &ndash;&nbsp;34%

Industrial Sector &ndash;&nbsp;23%

Service Sector &ndash;&nbsp;43%

<ul>
	<li>The Unemployment rate is&nbsp;4.5%&nbsp;as per 2017-18.</li>
	<li>The state has been ranked the best state in ease of doing business in the country by the&nbsp;World Bank.</li>
	<li>Andhra Pradesh is also known as &ldquo;Ratna Garbha&rdquo;&nbsp;of India. Its resources estimate to 110 M tonnes of industrial grade minerals and 200 M tonnes of building material.</li>
	<li>The famous diamonds Kohinoor and Pitt came from the mines of Golconda.</li>
	<li>Tummalpalle mines are a rich source of Uranium.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Education of Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

According to the census of 2011, the literacy rate of Andhra Pradesh is&nbsp;67.41%.

<ul>
	<li>There are total 18 state universities in the districts which provide higher education in horticulture, la, medical, technology, Vedic and veterinary.</li>
	<li>Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT)&nbsp;was established by the government of Andhra Pradesh in 2008 to cater to the education needs of the rural youth of Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>The central universities are&nbsp;All India Institute of Medical Sciences, IIM Vishakhapatnam, IIT Tirupathi, IIITDM Kurnool&nbsp;etc.</li>
	<li>Andhra University&nbsp;is the oldest of the universities in the state, established in 1926.</li>
</ul>

<h2><img alt="IIMV" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/IIMV.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" /></h2>

[Image Source: IIMV]

<h2>Sports of Andhra Pradesh:</h2>

Talking about sports, the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh is the governing body which looks after its infrastructural development.

<ul>
	<li>Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the state.</li>
	<li>In Vishakhapatnam, there is a stadium which is home to Andhra Pradesh cricket team i.e.&nbsp;ACA-VDCA stadium.</li>
	<li>The youngest woman ever to become a grandmaster in chess is&nbsp;Humpy Koneru, from Gudivada of Krishna district.</li>
	<li>The first female Indian to win an Olympic medal is&nbsp;Karnam Malleswar, hails from Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<img alt="ACA Stadium" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/ACA Stadium.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: BCCI]

And at last, here are&nbsp;Some Interesting Facts about Andhra Pradesh&nbsp;which will blow your mind.

<ul>
	<li>Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple of Srisailam district&nbsp;(Kurnool district) is one of the 12 Jyotirilings of Shiva.</li>
	<li>Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the second president of India and Bharat Ratna Award Winner also hails from Andhra Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Tanguturi Prakasam is also known as &ldquo;Andhra Kesan&rdquo;.</li>
	<li>The magnificent&nbsp;Falaknuma palace&nbsp;of Hyderabad was built by&nbsp;Nawab Viqar-Ul-Umra&nbsp;in the year 1893. It was later turned into a luxurious hotel.</li>
	<li>The present capital i.e. Due to the diplomacy of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Hyderabad was captured on 17 September 1948 by a military operation named&nbsp;&ldquo;Operation Polo&rdquo;.</li>
</ul>

So, this was all the required essential information that you&rsquo;ll be needing while preparing for your competitive exams such as&nbsp;Civil Services, CDS, SSC CGL,&nbsp;etc. Hope this blog would help you in understanding this state.

In our next blog, we will be discussing everything that you need to know about the state of&nbsp;Arunachal Pradesh.

If you wish to read about South Indian states, you can click on the link and read our informative blogs about the states of&nbsp;Kerala,&nbsp;Tamil Nadu,&nbsp;Telangana, and&nbsp;Karnataka.

Interesting Facts about Andhra Pradesh - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your State Andhra Pradesh - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

This blog deals with the state which is home to picturesque mountains, unexplored passes, tranquil lakes and famous monasteries. ARUNACHAL PRADESH is the state where one can explore the tribal culture and the simplicity of their exquisite beauty. Its amazing array of flora and fauna, in a unique habitat with glaciers. It also has high-altitude meadows and sub-tropical forests that add to the charm of the beautiful state.

So, we will scrutinize the cultural, geographical, and political aspects of Arunachal Pradesh.

Do you know which state is known as “The Orchid State of India” or “The Land of Sunrise”? Which state is the largest of the seven sister states of North-East India? 
 

<h2 id="content-id-701-0">Symbols of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

Before looking at the different aspects, one must know the state symbols of the particular state.

The state symbols of Arunachal Pradesh are –

<table style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Arunachal Pradesh</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Itanagar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>English</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>The Great Hornbill</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Mithun (Gayal)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Foxtail Orchid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Hollong</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chief Minister (Present)</td>
			<td>Pema Khandu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Governor (Present)</td>
			<td>Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

 

<h2 id="content-id-701-1">Culture of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

Arunachal Pradesh has many breathtaking cultural views. Some of which are listed below –

<h3>Monuments</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The monastery at Tawang is the largest monastery in India and second-largest in the world after the Potala Palance in Lhasa, Tibet. It is located at a height of about 3048 m. Further, it is famous for being the birthplace of the 6th Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso. Tawang Monastery is very famous and extremely sacred for Buddhists.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Tawang" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Tawang.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Dance</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Bardo Chham: It is the famous folk dance of the state which depicts the victory of good over evil. This dance has an interesting background and according to the locals, both good and evil will rule mankind. It is a famous dance style in Sherdukpens.</li>
	<li>Ponung/Ponu: This is performed in groups by both men and women for the celebration of joyous and fortunate events in the future.</li>
	<li>Noctes and Wanchos: In this dance style which is used by the Buddhist tribes, only males can participate.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Cham Dance" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Cham Dance.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Food</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Rice and Meat are the staple food of this state. Boiled rice cakes, Thukpa and momos are the traditional dishes devoured by people.</li>
	<li>Apong is one of the various forms of rice beers that are prepared by local communities. Apong is prepared by fermenting rice and millet.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Apong" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Apong.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wkipedia]

<h2 id="content-id-701-2">Arunachal Pradesh Communities and their traditions </h2>

<ul>
	<li>The state has 26 major tribes and 100 sub-tribes. Some of the major tribes are Apatani, Naga, Mishmisi, Nghpa, Khampti, etc.</li>
	<li>The marriages can be of 2 types, either an arranged marriage, known as Aaw Lang Aaw or a situation of eloping known as Thok No Chaii. The wedding celebrations start with the groom’s family gearing and packing up for spending four nights at the bride’s home. As per the customs, they move to the hilltop on their way and shout “Ho” to indicate their arrival.</li>
	<li>According to the 2011 census, the religions of Arunachal Pradesh constituted 30% Christians and 29% Hindus and the rest are others. However, Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in the districts of West Kameng, Tawang and regions adjacent to Tibet. Near the Burmese border, Theravada Buddhism is the central faith.</li>
	<li>The people’s languages are mostly derived from Tibetan-Burman language with more than 50 dialects spoken by specific tribes. Assamese is spoken by most people since the prolonged influence of the Ahom dynasty era. Hindi and English are currently the most widely spoken languages for the people across the state, besides their own tribe’s language.</li>
	<li>Some of the festivals celebrated are – Losar, Si-Donyi, Reh, Mopin and Solung.</li>
	<li>There are three cultural groups – the first being Monpas and Sherdukpens of Tawang and West Kameng districts who are followers of the traditional Mahayana Buddhism. The second is Apatanis, Adis, Galos, Mishmis, Nyishis, Tagins, Akas, etc worship the Sun and Moon God. The third being Noctes, Wanchos and Khampti (tribal communities of TLCN – Tirap, Longding, Changlang and Namsai) follow basic Vaishnavism and Buddhism and are ruled by a hereditary chief.</li>
</ul>

The second aspect is – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-701-3">Geography of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

Arunachal Pradesh is the largest of the Seven Sister States of Northeast India. For the most part, Arunachal Pradesh is covered with serene mountains that offer one a breathtaking view during the winters. As the snow covers the peaks of these mountains, flora and fauna display a state of calmness and freshness in the region. 

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension: 26.280 and 29.300 N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension: 91.200 and 91.300 E</li>
	<li>Area: 83,743 sq. km</li>
</ul>

Rank in India – 14th  

Population – 13,82,611 (as per 2011 census)

Rank in India – 27th

<ul>
	<li>Number of Districts: 26</li>
	<li>Boundaries: The state shares 3 international boundaries and 2 national boundaries. Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland in the south and shares an international boundary with Bhutan in the west. The international boundary is 160 km long. Myanmar in the east with 440 km long border existing between Arunachal Pradesh and Myanmar. 1030 km long border separates the state from China in the north at the McMohan Line. </li>
	<li>Kangto (also known as Kanggardo Rize): This is the highest peak of the state at 7060 metres. The mountain of the Eastern Himalayas is located in the West Kameng district of the state and shares its border with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.</li>
	<li>The major river of this state is the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries are the Dibang, Lohit, Subansiri, Kameng and Tirap. The river originates in the Mansarovar Lake region, near the Mount Kailash, located on the northern side of the Himalayas in Burang. It is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet and as Dihang in Arunachal Pradesh. </li>
</ul>

<img alt="Brahmaputra River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Brahmaputra River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Climate: The climate ranges from sub-tropical to temperate depending upon the Altitude.

<ol>
	<li>Regions in the lower belts of the state experience hot and humid climates, with a maximum temperature in the foothills reaching up to 400C.</li>
	<li>Regions in the middle belt are relatively cooler. The Micro Thermal Climate is experienced in this belt.</li>
	<li>Regions in the higher belt possess an Alpine Climate. Sometimes, the area also witnesses snowfall during winter.</li>
	<li>The state receives rainfall of 2000-5000 mm. 70-80 % is obtained between May and October.</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The villages of Dong and Vijayanagar (on the edge of Myanmar) receive the first sunlight in all of India.</li>
	<li>The soils in Arunachal Pradesh are acidic in nature and in mountain areas, subject to erosion. The major soil types are Inceptisols, Entisols and Ultisols. River valleys are characterized by rich alluvial soils that are highly suited for agriculture.</li>
	<li>Some of the famous mountain regions of the state are –</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Dafla Hills</li>
	<li>Miri Hills</li>
	<li>Abor Hills</li>
	<li>Mishmi Hills</li>
	<li>Patkai Range/Patkaibum (on the borders of Arunachal Pradesh and Myanmar)</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Patkai" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Patkai.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Now coming to our third and last topic of this blog – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-701-4">Polity of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

The Legislature of Arunachal Pradesh is Unicameral with 60 seats. Unicameral legislature means having or consisting of a sing legislature chamber.

<ul>
	<li>The 60 members are elected from single-seat constituencies.</li>
	<li>The Vidhan Bhawan is located at Itanagar, the capital of the state.</li>
	<li>The term limit is of 5 years.</li>
	<li>The key political parties in the state are BJP, INC, Janta Dal (United) and People’s Party of Arunachal.</li>
	<li>On 15 August 1975, an elected legislative assembly was constituted and the first council of ministers assumed office. The first general election to the assembly was held in Feb 1978.</li>
	<li>The Arunachal Pradesh state election commission with the support of state government has successfully conducted and completed Panchayati Raj Elections in the state in May 2008 for speedy development in the village and at grassroots level.</li>
	<li>The Guwahati High Court, Itanagar Permanent Bench at Naharlagun exercises its jurisdiction and powers in respect of cases rising in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Present CM – Legislative Assembly elections were held in Arunachal Pradesh on April 11 2019 to elect the 60 members of Legislative Assembly. This results in a landslide victory of BJP and its allies. Pema Khandu took oath as the CM on 29 May 2019.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Pema Khandu" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Pema Khandu.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Outlook India]

<ul>
	<li>Present Governor – The Governor of Arunachal Pradesh is a nominal head and representative of the President of India in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of 5 years. Lt Gen Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik, PVSM, UYSM, YSM (Retd) is a former officer of the Indian Army. He is the present governor of this state.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="General Parnaik" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/General Parnaik.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: The Economic Times]

<ul>
	<li>The first CM of Arunachal Pradesh was Prem Khandu Thungan from 13 August 1975 to 18 September 1979. </li>
	<li>The first Governor of Arunachal Pradesh was Bhishma Narain Singh from 20 February 1987 to 18 March 1987.</li>
</ul>

Here comes some of the Interesting Facts about Arunachal Pradesh –

<ul>
	<li>Arunachal Pradesh is one of the two states of India in which English alone is the official language. The other Indian state where English alone is the official language is Nagaland.</li>
	<li>Parshuram Kund, Lohit is a place which is believed that here Lord Parashuram washed away his sins of killings of Kshatriyas. It is a pilgrimage centre for Hindus all over the World.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Parshuram Kund" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Parshuram Kund.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Lord Krishna married Rukmini at this legendary site of India.</li>
	<li>Arunachal Pradesh is known by many names such as “The Orchid State of India” or “The Paradise of the Botanists” or “Land of Sunrise”.</li>
	<li>Arunachal Pradesh is a Sanskrit word known as “Land of Dawn lit Mountains”.</li>
	<li>Ziro is a 1058 KM Plateau, known for its scenic landscape and is home to old, ethnic tribes that worship nature. It is also known for the Annual Music Festival.</li>
	<li>During the Sino-India War of 1962, China conquered most of Arunachal Pradesh including Tawang but retaliated during the cease fire.</li>
</ul>

So, here we come to the end of this blog. In our upcoming blog, we will be learning about the other aspects of Arunachal Pradesh.

Do you know what the GDP rank of Arunachal Pradesh is? Which is the famous National Park and Dam of the state?

The aspects relating to these questions will be definitely covered in the next part - '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-arunachal-pradesh-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Arunachal Pradesh - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>'. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such as SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA, etc.

Thank You!

This blog deals with the state which is home to picturesque mountains, unexplored passes, tranquil lakes and famous monasteries.&nbsp;ARUNACHAL PRADESH&nbsp;is the state where one can explore the tribal culture and the simplicity of their exquisite beauty. Its amazing array of flora and fauna, in a unique habitat with glaciers. It also has high-altitude meadows and sub-tropical forests that add to the charm of the beautiful state.

So, we will scrutinize the cultural, geographical, and political aspects of Arunachal Pradesh.

Do you know which state is known as&nbsp;&ldquo;The Orchid State of India&rdquo;&nbsp;or&nbsp;&ldquo;The Land of Sunrise&rdquo;?&nbsp;Which state is the&nbsp;largest of the seven sister states of North-East India? 
&nbsp;

<h2>Symbols of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

Before looking at the different aspects, one must know the state symbols of the particular state.

The state symbols of Arunachal Pradesh are &ndash;

<table style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Arunachal Pradesh</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Itanagar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>English</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>The Great Hornbill</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Mithun (Gayal)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Foxtail Orchid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Hollong</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chief Minister (Present)</td>
			<td>Pema Khandu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Governor (Present)</td>
			<td>Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

&nbsp;

<h2>Culture of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

Arunachal Pradesh has many breathtaking cultural views. Some of which are listed below &ndash;

<h3>Monuments</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The monastery at&nbsp;Tawang&nbsp;is the largest monastery in India and second-largest in the world after the&nbsp;Potala Palance in Lhasa, Tibet.&nbsp;It is located at a height of about 3048 m. Further, it is famous for being the birthplace of the 6th&nbsp;Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso. Tawang Monastery is very famous and extremely sacred for Buddhists.</li>
</ul>

<h3><img alt="Tawang" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Tawang.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" /></h3>

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Dance</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Bardo Chham:&nbsp;It is the famous folk dance of the state which depicts the victory of good over evil. This dance has an interesting background and according to the locals, both good and evil will rule mankind. It is a famous dance style in&nbsp;Sherdukpens.</li>
	<li>Ponung/Ponu:&nbsp;This is performed in groups by both men and women for the celebration of joyous and fortunate events in the future.</li>
	<li>Noctes and Wanchos:&nbsp;In this dance style which is used by the Buddhist tribes, only males can participate.</li>
</ul>

<h3><img alt="Cham Dance" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Cham Dance.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" /></h3>

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Food</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Rice&nbsp;and&nbsp;Meat&nbsp;are the staple food of this state. Boiled rice cakes, Thukpa and momos are the traditional dishes devoured by people.</li>
	<li>Apong&nbsp;is one of the various forms of rice beers that are prepared by local communities. Apong is prepared by fermenting rice and millet.</li>
</ul>

<h2><img alt="Apong" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Apong.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" /></h2>

[Image Source: Wkipedia] 
&nbsp;

<h2>Arunachal Pradesh&nbsp;Communities and their traditions&nbsp;</h2>

<ul>
	<li>The state has&nbsp;26&nbsp;major tribes and&nbsp;100&nbsp;sub-tribes. Some of the major tribes are Apatani, Naga, Mishmisi, Nghpa, Khampti, etc.</li>
	<li>The marriages can be of 2 types, either an arranged marriage, known as&nbsp;Aaw Lang Aaw&nbsp;or a situation of eloping known as&nbsp;Thok No Chaii.&nbsp;The wedding celebrations start with the groom&rsquo;s family gearing and packing up for spending four nights at the bride&rsquo;s home. As per the customs, they move to the hilltop on their way and shout &ldquo;Ho&rdquo; to indicate their arrival.</li>
	<li>According to the 2011 census, the religions of Arunachal Pradesh constituted 30% Christians and 29% Hindus and the rest are others. However, Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in the districts of West Kameng, Tawang and regions adjacent to Tibet. Near the Burmese border, Theravada Buddhism is the central faith.</li>
	<li>The people&rsquo;s languages are mostly derived from Tibetan-Burman language with more than&nbsp;50 dialects&nbsp;spoken by specific tribes. Assamese is spoken by most people since the prolonged influence of the Ahom dynasty era. Hindi and English are currently the most widely spoken languages for the people across the state, besides their own tribe&rsquo;s language.</li>
	<li>Some of the festivals celebrated are &ndash;&nbsp;Losar, Si-Donyi, Reh, Mopin and Solung.</li>
	<li>There are three cultural groups &ndash; the first being Monpas and Sherdukpens of Tawang and West Kameng districts who are followers of the traditional&nbsp;Mahayana Buddhism. The second is Apatanis, Adis, Galos, Mishmis, Nyishis, Tagins, Akas, etc worship&nbsp;the Sun and Moon God. The third being Noctes, Wanchos and Khampti (tribal communities of&nbsp;TLCN&nbsp;&ndash; Tirap, Longding, Changlang and Namsai) follow basic&nbsp;Vaishnavism and Buddhism&nbsp;and are ruled by a hereditary chief.</li>
</ul>

The second aspect is &ndash; 
&nbsp;

<h2>Geography of&nbsp;Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

Arunachal Pradesh is the largest of the Seven Sister States of Northeast India. For the most part, Arunachal Pradesh is covered with serene mountains that offer one a breathtaking view during the winters. As the snow covers the peaks of these mountains, flora and fauna display a state of calmness and freshness in the region.&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension:&nbsp;26.280&nbsp;and 29.300&nbsp;N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension:&nbsp;91.200&nbsp;and 91.300&nbsp;E</li>
	<li>Area:&nbsp;83,743 sq. km</li>
</ul>

Rank in India &ndash;&nbsp;14th&nbsp;&nbsp;

Population &ndash;&nbsp;13,82,611 (as per 2011 census)

Rank in India &ndash; 27th

<ul>
	<li>Number of Districts:&nbsp;26</li>
	<li>Boundaries:&nbsp;The state shares 3 international boundaries and 2 national boundaries. Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland in the south and shares an international boundary with Bhutan in the west. The international boundary is&nbsp;160 km&nbsp;long. Myanmar in the east with&nbsp;440 km&nbsp;long border existing between Arunachal Pradesh and Myanmar.&nbsp;1030 km&nbsp;long border separates the state from China in the north at the&nbsp;McMohan Line.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Kangto (also known as Kanggardo Rize):&nbsp;This is the highest peak of the state at 7060 metres. The mountain of the Eastern Himalayas is located in the West Kameng district of the state and shares its border with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.</li>
	<li>The major river of this state is the&nbsp;Brahmaputra River&nbsp;and its tributaries are the Dibang, Lohit, Subansiri, Kameng and Tirap. The river originates in the&nbsp;Mansarovar Lake region, near the Mount Kailash, located on the northern side of the Himalayas in Burang. It is known as the&nbsp;Yarlung Tsangpo River&nbsp;in Tibet and as Dihang in Arunachal Pradesh. &nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Brahmaputra River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Brahmaputra River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Climate:&nbsp;The climate ranges from sub-tropical to temperate depending upon the Altitude.

<ol>
	<li>Regions in the lower belts of the state experience hot and humid climates, with a maximum temperature in the foothills reaching up to 400C.</li>
	<li>Regions in the middle belt are relatively cooler. The&nbsp;Micro Thermal Climate&nbsp;is experienced in this belt.</li>
	<li>Regions in the higher belt possess an&nbsp;Alpine Climate. Sometimes, the area also witnesses snowfall during winter.</li>
	<li>The state receives rainfall of 2000-5000 mm. 70-80 % is obtained between May and October.</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The villages of&nbsp;Dong&nbsp;and&nbsp;Vijayanagar&nbsp;(on the edge of Myanmar) receive the first sunlight in all of India.</li>
	<li>The soils in Arunachal Pradesh are acidic in nature and in mountain areas, subject to erosion. The major soil types are Inceptisols, Entisols and Ultisols. River valleys are characterized by rich alluvial soils that are highly suited for agriculture.</li>
	<li>Some of the famous mountain regions of the state are &ndash;</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Dafla Hills</li>
	<li>Miri Hills</li>
	<li>Abor Hills</li>
	<li>Mishmi Hills</li>
	<li>Patkai Range/Patkaibum (on the borders of Arunachal Pradesh and Myanmar)</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Patkai" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Patkai.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Now coming to our third and last topic of this blog &ndash; 
&nbsp;

<h2>Polity of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

The Legislature of Arunachal Pradesh is&nbsp;Unicameral&nbsp;with&nbsp;60&nbsp;seats. Unicameral legislature means having or consisting of a sing legislature chamber.

<ul>
	<li>The 60 members are elected from single-seat constituencies.</li>
	<li>The Vidhan Bhawan is located at Itanagar, the capital of the state.</li>
	<li>The term limit is of&nbsp;5 years.</li>
	<li>The key political parties in the state are BJP, INC, Janta Dal (United) and People&rsquo;s Party of Arunachal.</li>
	<li>On 15 August 1975, an elected legislative assembly was constituted and the first council of ministers assumed office. The first general election to the assembly was held in Feb 1978.</li>
	<li>The Arunachal Pradesh state election commission with the support of state government has successfully conducted and completed&nbsp;Panchayati Raj Elections&nbsp;in the state in May 2008 for speedy development in the village and at grassroots level.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Guwahati High Court,&nbsp;Itanagar Permanent&nbsp;Bench at Naharlagun&nbsp;exercises its jurisdiction and powers in respect of cases rising in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Present CM &ndash;&nbsp;Legislative Assembly elections were held in Arunachal Pradesh on April 11 2019 to elect the 60 members of Legislative Assembly. This results in a landslide victory of BJP and its allies.&nbsp;Pema Khandu&nbsp;took oath as the CM on 29 May 2019.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Pema Khandu" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Pema Khandu.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: Outlook India]

<ul>
	<li>Present Governor &ndash;&nbsp;The Governor of Arunachal Pradesh is a nominal head and representative of the President of India in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of 5 years.&nbsp;Lt Gen Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik, PVSM, UYSM, YSM (Retd)&nbsp;is a former officer&nbsp;of the Indian Army. He is the present governor of this state.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="General Parnaik" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/General Parnaik.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: The Economic Times]

<ul>
	<li>The first CM of Arunachal Pradesh was&nbsp;Prem Khandu Thungan&nbsp;from 13 August 1975 to 18 September 1979. &nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The first Governor of Arunachal Pradesh was&nbsp;Bhishma Narain Singh&nbsp;from 20 February 1987 to 18 March 1987.</li>
</ul>

Here comes some of the&nbsp;Interesting Facts about Arunachal Pradesh&nbsp;&ndash;

<ul>
	<li>Arunachal Pradesh is one of the two states of India in which&nbsp;English&nbsp;alone is the official language. The other Indian state where English alone is the official language is&nbsp;Nagaland.</li>
	<li>Parshuram Kund, Lohit&nbsp;is a place which is believed that here Lord Parashuram washed away his sins of killings of Kshatriyas. It is a pilgrimage centre for Hindus all over the World.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Parshuram Kund" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Parshuram Kund.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Lord Krishna&nbsp;married Rukmini at this legendary site of India.</li>
	<li>Arunachal Pradesh is known by many names such as&nbsp;&ldquo;The Orchid State of India&rdquo; or &ldquo;The Paradise of the Botanists&rdquo; or &ldquo;Land of Sunrise&rdquo;.</li>
	<li>Arunachal Pradesh is a Sanskrit word known as&nbsp;&ldquo;Land of Dawn lit Mountains&rdquo;.</li>
	<li>Ziro&nbsp;is a 1058 KM Plateau, known for its scenic landscape and is home to old, ethnic tribes that worship nature. It is also known for the Annual Music Festival.</li>
	<li>During the&nbsp;Sino-India War of 1962, China conquered most of Arunachal Pradesh including Tawang but retaliated during the cease fire.</li>
</ul>

So, here we come to the end of this blog. In our upcoming blog, we will be learning about the other aspects of Arunachal Pradesh.

Do you know what the&nbsp;GDP rank of Arunachal Pradesh&nbsp;is? Which is the famous&nbsp;National Park&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dam of the state?

The aspects relating to these questions will be definitely covered in the next part - &#39;Know Your State Arunachal Pradesh - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes&#39;. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such as&nbsp;SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA,&nbsp;etc.

Thank You

Interesting Facts about Arunachal Pradesh - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Know Your State Arunachal Pradesh - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Our last article dealt with the geography, polity and culture of Arunachal Pradesh and this one will be dealing with the history, environment and economy. If you haven’t read that already, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-arunachal-pradesh-geography-climate-and-culture-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Arunachal Pradesh - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes</a>’ – Part 1.

Do you know, which is the largest National Park in North-East India? Do you know through which state Brahmaputra River enters India? Under which regions McMohan Line was demarcated and what is its relevance?

Such interesting questions will be covered in the following article. So, the very first topic is –

<h2 id="content-id-702-0">History of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

Formerly, known as NEFA (North-East Frontier Agency) from the British Colonial Era, the area was a part of Assam until it was made Indian Union Territory in 1972. Arunachal Pradesh became a state on 20 February 1987.

<h3>Ancient History:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The ancient history deals with the Tani people who were found in the ancient libraries of Tibet.</li>
	<li>The Tani people traded swords and other metals to Tibetans in exchange for meat and wool.</li>
	<li>Tibetans called them Lhobas; Lho means south and bha means people.</li>
	<li>Apart from these groups, other Tibet-Burman groups like Mishmis, Chutias, Nocte, Tangsa and Wancho also occupied different regions of the state.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Medieval History:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Between 500 B.C. and 600 A.D., the north-western part of this area came under the control of the Monpa Kingdom of Monyul.</li>
	<li>The Monpa and Sherdukpen kept the historical records of the existence of local chiefdoms in the northwest as well.</li>
	<li>Whereas the foothills and plains were under the control of the Chutia Kings.</li>
	<li>The 14th-century Malinithan was found at the foot of the Siang hills in West Siang which indicates that they were built during the Chutia reign.</li>
	<li> Bhismaknagar is another notable heritage site, built in the 8th century has led to the suggestion that the Chutia people had an advanced culture and administration.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Bhismaknagar" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Bhismaknagar.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Another very important heritage site is the 400-year-old Tawang Monastery, located in the extreme north-west of the state. It provides some historical evidence of the Buddhist tribal people. The sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso was born in Tawang.</li>
</ul>

<h3>McMohan Line and Sino-India War:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The McMohan Line forms the northern boundary of the state in the eastern Himalayas administered by India but claimed by China. The area was the focus of the 1962 Sino-India War.</li>
	<li>This line is named after a British administrator Sir Henry McMohan at the 1914 Simla Convention. He drew the 890 km as the border between British India and Outer Tibet, placing Tawang and other areas within British India.</li>
	<li>The Chinese position was that Tibet was not independent of China and could not sign treaties, so the Accord was invalid, like the Anglo-Chinese (1906) and Anglo-Russian (1907) conventions.</li>
	<li>The North-East Frontier Agency established in 1954 was a blend of three tracts made in 1912-1913 :</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Balipara frontier tract in the west</li>
	<li>Sadiya frontier tract in the east</li>
	<li>The Abor and Mishmi hills and the Tirap frontier in the south. </li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>India became independent in 1947 and PRC (People’s Republic of China) was established in 1949. The new Chinese government still considered the McMohan Line invalid.</li>
	<li>Resurgence of the border disagreement was a factor leading to Sino-Indian relations in 1962, which led to Sino-India War. This time China captured most of Arunachal Pradesh.</li>
	<li>However, China soon declared victory, withdrew back to the McMohan Line and returned Indian prisoners of war in 1963. </li>
</ul>

Arunachal Pradesh is one of the Asia’s most biologically diverse and intact forests Eco-system. Arunachal Pradesh is very rich in Agro-Biodiversity having the origin of a number of plants. With this, we come to another aspect i.e.- 
 

<h2 id="content-id-702-1">Environment of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

 The environment of Arunachal Pradesh is very fascinating as it consists of such topographical and climatic conditions that favour the growth of luxuriant forests. This adds immense beauty to the area.

<h3>National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries –</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Namdapha National Park: This is the third largest national park in northeast India in terms of area. It is home to endangered snow leopards, red giant flying squirrel, clouded leopard, Indian leopard, Bengal tigers, red pandas and the red fox. It is located within the range of Patkai hills and the Mishmi hills, situated in Chamelang district.</li>
	<li>Mouling National Park: This was the second largest park to be created in the state, after Namdapha National Park in 1972. The park is named after a nearby peak with the same name which translates into “red blood”. It is home to Bengal tigers, barking deer and leopards. It is spread primarily over the Upper Siang district, and part of the West Siang and East Siang district</li>
	<li>Kane Wildlife Sanctuary: It is situated in the West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, known for the initiative aimed at preserving the wildlife of the state. Wild felines and elephants are found here.</li>
	<li>Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary: This wildlife sanctuary has often been described as a “real ocean of green paradise on Earth”. The sanctuary is rich in tropical forests, tigers, leopards, cats and jackals. The medicinal plants Coptis Teeta (Mishmi Teeta) is an endemic species and Taxus baccata are available here.</li>
	<li>Daying Erring Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary: This sanctuary is located 13 kms from Pasighat. It was established in 1978 with an area of 190 km2. It was originally established as Lali National Park.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Daying Wildlife" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Daying Wildlife.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: East Siang]

Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve: In this biosphere reserve, Mouling National Park and Dihang Wildlife Sanctuary are situated. Key fauna includes Musk deer and Mushmi takin.

<ul>
	<li>Passes –</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Bon Di La Pass – Arunachal Pradesh with Bhutan</li>
	<li>Dihang Pass – Arunachal Pradesh with Myanmar</li>
	<li>Yonggyap Pass – Arunachal Pradesh with Tibet</li>
	<li>Kumjawng Pass – Arunachal Pradesh with Myanmar</li>
	<li>Hpungan Pass – Arunachal Pradesh with Myanmar</li>
	<li>Chaukan Pass – Arunachal Pradesh with Myanmar</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Brahmaputra River System –</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>It origins in the Angsi glacier, located on the northern side of the Himalayas in the Burang country of Tibet as the Yarlung Tsangpo River.</li>
	<li>The Brahmaputra basin spreads over countries of Tibet, India, Bhutan and Bangladesh having a total area of 580,000 sq.km.</li>
	<li>In India, it spreads over states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Sikkim.</li>
	<li>It flows across southern Tibet to break through the Himalayas in great gorges (including the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon) and into Arunachal Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Tsangpo enters India after taking a U-turn at Namcha Barwa and flows in Arunachal Pradesh and here we call it Dihang River or Sihang River.</li>
	<li>The Lohit, the Dibang, the Subansiri, the Kameng, the Manas, the Torsa, the Sankosh and the Teesta – right bank tributaries.</li>
	<li>The Burhiding, the Desang, the Dikhow, the Dhansiri and the Kopili – left bank tributaries. </li>
	<li>It flows southwest through the Assam valley as Brahmaputra and south through Bangladesh as the Jamuna in the vast Ganges Delta, it merges with the Padma, the popular name of the river Ganges in Bangladesh, and finally the Meghna and from here it is known as Meghna before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. </li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The state is divided into 5 river valleys –</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Kameng</li>
	<li>Subansiri</li>
	<li>Siang</li>
	<li>Lohit</li>
	<li>Tirap</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Arunachal’s forests account for one-third of the habitat area within the Himalayan biodiversity hot-spot.</li>
	<li>According to tribal beliefs in Arunachal Pradesh, dense forests and big trees are looked upon as ancestral souls, and hornbill hunting is banned during the breeding season. The tiger is sacred as it is the “brother of Tani, the first human on Earth”.</li>
</ul>

Let’s come to another aspect – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-702-2">Economy of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

The following information will provide us with the information related to the economy of Arunachal Pradesh –

<ul>
	<li>At current prices, the GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) of Arunachal Pradesh was Rs. 280.52 lakh crore in 2019-20.</li>
	<li>The state’s GSDP increased at a compound annual growth rate of 12.33% between 2011-12 and 2019-20.</li>
	<li>The state economy is largely agrarian, based on the terraced farming of rice and the cultivation of crops such as maize, millet, wheat, pulses, sugarcane, ginger, oilseeds, cereals, potato and pineapple.</li>
	<li>Construction of the Upper Siang Hydroelectric Project, which is expected to generate between 10,000 and 12,000 MW, began in April 2009.</li>
	<li>Some of the policies which offer huge fiscal and policy incentives for the development of thrust sectors in the state are Public-Private Partnership Policy 2011, the State Industrial Policy 2008 and the Hydro Power Policy 2008.</li>
	<li>As of February 2008, Arunachal Pradesh had a total installed power generation capacity of 378.64 MW, comprising 158.05 from hydro, 136.72 MW from renewable energy sources (RES) and 83.87 MW from thermal.</li>
	<li>The state is the largest producer of Kiwis in India and the second largest of large Cardamom. The state also has various inland fisheries.</li>
	<li>Under the “North-East Region Textile Promotion Scheme”, 24 sericulture projects are implemented for the holistic development of sericulture in the state.</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="content-id-702-3"> 
Arunachal Pradesh Education</h2>

The average literacy rate in the state is 66.95% according to the 2011 census. Education in Arunachal Pradesh is gradually improving several plans and projects being initiated by both state and central government.

<ul>
	<li>NERIST (North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology) plays a very significant role in raising the technical and management education in the state.</li>
	<li>The institutions of higher education in Arunachal Pradesh are: Indira Gandhi Technological and Medical Sciences University and Himalayan University. They are established under the UGC act 1956 section 2f and with Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Gazette approval. </li>
	<li>Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (TRIHMS) is the first medical college in the state which was made operationalised. The college received its first batch of 50 MBBS students in 2018. In the state budget 2019-20, Rs. 90 crore and Rs. 40 crore were proposed to provide as Grants-in-Aid for smooth running of the hospital and medical college.</li>
	<li>Rajiv Gandhi University is the oldest university in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. It is located in the Rono Hills of Doimukh village, about 9 miles from the state capital, Itanagar. The foundation stone for the university was laid in 1984 by then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="RGU" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/RGU.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

Image Source: Rajiv Gandhi University] 
 

<h2 id="content-id-702-4">Sports of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

Sports play a very significant role in people’s lives. Some of the sports of Arunachal Pradesh are –

<ul>
	<li>Hole Taso Dukanaram: This is a game which involves the imitation of an animal called Hole Taso. The animal quite like a cat runs around beating its chest alternatively with both its front paws.</li>
	<li>Hinam Turnam: This game is called the struggle of life and death by local people. The participants here in the game assume the role of the hunter and the hunted in the forest.</li>
	<li>Majong: This is a traditional game played by four persons with small tiles where the players pick up the tiles and discard them until any one of them has a winning combination.</li>
	<li>Archery: It is also a prominent sport of Arunachal Pradesh. It is not only an important sport but people look upon it as a part of their culture.</li>
	<li>Football: The Arunachal Pradesh Football Association is the governing body of football activities in the state which is gradually gaining popularity.</li>
</ul>

Here are some interesting facts about Arunachal Pradesh –

<ul>
	<li>Tapi Mra: A mountaineer from India and the first person from Arunachal Pradesh to scale Everest.</li>
	<li>Arunachal Pradesh, meaning “Land of the Rising Sun”, long has been a recognized region of the Indian subcontinent, receiving mention in such ancient Hindu literature as the Kalika-Purana, the epic poems, Mahabharat and Ramayana.</li>
	<li>Kiren Rijiju, the current minister of State of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and Minister of State in the Ministry of Minority Affairs of India, is from Arunachal Pradesh.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Kiren Rijiju" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Kiren Rijiju.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Tribune India]

<ul>
	<li>Length of the international boundary of Arunachal Pradesh is 1817 km which is third longest of Indian states lying on international borders.</li>
	<li>Arunachal Pradesh has the second largest decadal population growth rate of 25.9%, first being Meghalaya with 27.8%.</li>
	<li>Mrinal Miri is a popular philosopher who graduated from the University of Cambridge.</li>
	<li>Dorjee Khandu is the former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh who belongs to Congress Party. He succumbed in a helicopter accident in 2011.</li>
</ul>

This was all about this state. We’ll keep informing you about the significance and beauty of each state/UT just like this. In the next blog, we would be discussing some interesting facts and trivia about the state of Assam. Click here for '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-arunachal-pradesh-geography-climate-and-culture-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Assam - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes</a>’. Hope this helps you in preparing for your competitive exams such as CDS, SSC CGL, NET JRF, etc.

Our last article dealt with the geography, polity and culture of&nbsp;Arunachal Pradesh&nbsp;and this one will be dealing with the history, environment and economy. If you haven&rsquo;t read that already, click here &ndash; &#39;Know Your State Arunachal Pradesh - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes&rsquo; &ndash; Part 1.

Do you know, which is the&nbsp;largest National Park&nbsp;in North-East India? Do you know through which state&nbsp;Brahmaputra River&nbsp;enters India? Under which regions&nbsp;McMohan Line&nbsp;was demarcated and what is its relevance?

Such interesting questions will be covered in the following article. So, the very first topic is &ndash;

Table of Contents

<a href="https://www.hranker.com/blog/know-your-state-arunachal-pradesh-history-environment-education-economy-part-2/#"><input type="checkbox" /></a>

<h2> 
History of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

Formerly, known as NEFA (North-East Frontier Agency) from the British Colonial Era, the area was a part of Assam until it was made Indian Union Territory in 1972. Arunachal Pradesh became a state on 20 February 1987.

<h3>Ancient History:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The ancient history deals with the&nbsp;Tani&nbsp;people who were found in the ancient libraries of Tibet.</li>
	<li>The Tani people traded swords and other metals to Tibetans in exchange for meat and wool.</li>
	<li>Tibetans called them&nbsp;Lhobas; Lho means south and bha means people.</li>
	<li>Apart from these groups, other Tibet-Burman groups like Mishmis, Chutias, Nocte, Tangsa and Wancho also occupied different regions of the state.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Medieval History:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Between 500 B.C. and 600 A.D., the north-western part of this area came under the control of the Monpa Kingdom of Monyul.</li>
	<li>The Monpa and Sherdukpen kept the historical records of the existence of local chiefdoms in the northwest as well.</li>
	<li>Whereas the foothills and plains were under the control of the Chutia Kings.</li>
	<li>The 14th-century&nbsp;Malinithan&nbsp;was found at the foot of the Siang hills in West Siang which indicates that they were built during the Chutia reign.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Bhismaknagar&nbsp;is another notable heritage site, built in the 8th&nbsp;century has led to the suggestion that the Chutia people had an advanced culture and administration.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Bhismaknagar" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Bhismaknagar.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Another very important heritage site is the 400-year-old&nbsp;Tawang Monastery, located in the extreme north-west of the state. It provides some historical evidence of the Buddhist tribal people. The sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso was born in Tawang.</li>
</ul>

<h3>McMohan Line and Sino-India War:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The McMohan Line forms the northern boundary of the state in the eastern Himalayas administered by India but claimed by China. The area was the focus of the 1962 Sino-India War.</li>
	<li>This line is named after a British administrator Sir Henry McMohan at the&nbsp;1914 Simla Convention. He drew the&nbsp;890 km&nbsp;as the border between British India and Outer Tibet, placing Tawang and other areas within British India.</li>
	<li>The Chinese position was that Tibet was not independent of China and could not sign treaties, so the Accord was invalid, like the Anglo-Chinese (1906) and Anglo-Russian (1907) conventions.</li>
	<li>The North-East Frontier Agency established in 1954 was a blend of three tracts made in 1912-1913 :</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Balipara frontier tract in the west</li>
	<li>Sadiya frontier tract in the east</li>
	<li>The Abor and Mishmi hills and the Tirap frontier in the south.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>India became independent in 1947 and PRC (People&rsquo;s Republic of China) was established in 1949. The new Chinese government still considered the McMohan Line invalid.</li>
	<li>Resurgence of the border disagreement was a factor leading to Sino-Indian relations in 1962, which led to Sino-India War. This time China captured most of Arunachal Pradesh.</li>
	<li>However, China soon declared victory, withdrew back to the McMohan Line and returned Indian prisoners of war in 1963.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Arunachal Pradesh is one of the Asia&rsquo;s most biologically diverse and intact forests Eco-system. Arunachal Pradesh is very rich in Agro-Biodiversity having the origin of a number of plants. With this, we come to another aspect i.e.- 
&nbsp;

<h2>Environment of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

&nbsp;The environment of Arunachal Pradesh is very fascinating as it consists of such topographical and climatic conditions that favour the growth of luxuriant forests. This adds immense beauty to the area.

<h3>National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries&nbsp;&ndash;</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Namdapha National Park:&nbsp;This is the third largest national park in northeast India in terms of area. It is home to endangered snow leopards, red giant flying squirrel, clouded leopard, Indian leopard, Bengal tigers, red pandas and the red fox. It is located within the range of Patkai hills and the Mishmi hills, situated in Chamelang district.</li>
	<li>Mouling National Park:&nbsp;This was the second largest park to be created in the state, after Namdapha National Park in 1972. The park is named after a nearby peak with the same name which translates into &ldquo;red blood&rdquo;. It is home to Bengal tigers, barking deer and leopards. It is spread primarily over the Upper Siang district, and part of the West Siang and East Siang district</li>
	<li>Kane Wildlife Sanctuary:&nbsp;It is situated in the West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, known for the initiative aimed at preserving the wildlife of the state. Wild felines and elephants are found here.</li>
	<li>Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary:&nbsp;This wildlife sanctuary has often been described as a &ldquo;real ocean of green paradise on Earth&rdquo;. The sanctuary is rich in tropical forests, tigers, leopards, cats and jackals. The medicinal plants Coptis Teeta (Mishmi Teeta) is an endemic species and Taxus baccata are available here.</li>
	<li>Daying Erring Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary:&nbsp;This sanctuary is located 13 kms from Pasighat. It was established in 1978 with an area of 190 km2. It was originally established as Lali National Park.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Daying Wildlife" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Daying Wildlife.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: East Siang]

Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve:&nbsp;In this biosphere reserve, Mouling National Park and Dihang Wildlife Sanctuary are situated. Key fauna includes Musk deer and Mushmi takin.

<ul>
	<li>Passes&nbsp;&ndash;</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Bon Di La Pass &ndash; Arunachal Pradesh with Bhutan</li>
	<li>Dihang Pass &ndash; Arunachal Pradesh with Myanmar</li>
	<li>Yonggyap Pass &ndash; Arunachal Pradesh with Tibet</li>
	<li>Kumjawng Pass &ndash; Arunachal Pradesh with Myanmar</li>
	<li>Hpungan Pass &ndash; Arunachal Pradesh with Myanmar</li>
	<li>Chaukan Pass &ndash; Arunachal Pradesh with Myanmar</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Brahmaputra River System &ndash;</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>It origins in the&nbsp;Angsi glacier, located on the northern side of the Himalayas in the&nbsp;Burang country of Tibet&nbsp;as the&nbsp;Yarlung Tsangpo River.</li>
	<li>The Brahmaputra basin spreads over countries of Tibet, India, Bhutan and Bangladesh having a total area of 580,000 sq.km.</li>
	<li>In India, it spreads over states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Sikkim.</li>
	<li>It flows across southern Tibet to break through the Himalayas in great gorges (including the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon) and into Arunachal Pradesh.</li>
	<li>Tsangpo enters India after taking a&nbsp;U-turn at Namcha Barwa&nbsp;and flows in Arunachal Pradesh and here we call it Dihang River or Sihang River.</li>
	<li>The Lohit, the Dibang, the Subansiri, the Kameng, the Manas, the Torsa, the Sankosh and the Teesta&nbsp;&ndash; right bank tributaries.</li>
	<li>The Burhiding, the Desang, the Dikhow, the Dhansiri and the Kopili&nbsp;&ndash; left bank tributaries. &nbsp;</li>
	<li>It flows southwest through the Assam valley as&nbsp;Brahmaputra&nbsp;and south through Bangladesh as the&nbsp;Jamuna&nbsp;in the vast Ganges Delta, it merges with the&nbsp;Padma, the popular name of the river Ganges in Bangladesh, and finally the&nbsp;Meghna&nbsp;and from here it is known as Meghna before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The state is divided into 5 river valleys &ndash;</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Kameng</li>
	<li>Subansiri</li>
	<li>Siang</li>
	<li>Lohit</li>
	<li>Tirap</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Arunachal&rsquo;s forests account for one-third of the habitat area within the Himalayan biodiversity hot-spot.</li>
	<li>According to tribal beliefs in Arunachal Pradesh, dense forests and big trees are looked upon as ancestral souls, and hornbill hunting is banned during the breeding season. The tiger is sacred as it is the &ldquo;brother of Tani, the first human on Earth&rdquo;.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s come to another aspect &ndash; 
&nbsp;

<h2>Economy of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

The following information will provide us with the information related to the economy of Arunachal Pradesh &ndash;

<ul>
	<li>At current prices, the&nbsp;GSDP&nbsp;(Gross State Domestic Product) of Arunachal Pradesh was Rs. 280.52 lakh crore in 2019-20.</li>
	<li>The state&rsquo;s GSDP increased at a compound annual growth rate of 12.33% between 2011-12 and 2019-20.</li>
	<li>The state economy is&nbsp;largely agrarian, based on the terraced farming of rice and the cultivation of crops such as maize, millet, wheat, pulses, sugarcane, ginger, oilseeds, cereals, potato and pineapple.</li>
	<li>Construction of the Upper Siang Hydroelectric Project, which is expected to generate between 10,000 and 12,000 MW, began in April 2009.</li>
	<li>Some of the policies which offer huge fiscal and policy incentives for the development of thrust sectors in the state are Public-Private Partnership Policy 2011, the State Industrial Policy 2008 and the Hydro Power Policy 2008.</li>
	<li>As of February 2008, Arunachal Pradesh had a total installed power generation capacity of&nbsp;378.64 MW, comprising 158.05 from hydro, 136.72 MW from renewable energy sources (RES) and 83.87 MW from thermal.</li>
	<li>The state is the largest producer of&nbsp;Kiwis&nbsp;in India and the second largest of large&nbsp;Cardamom. The state also has various inland fisheries.</li>
	<li>Under the&nbsp;&ldquo;North-East Region Textile Promotion Scheme&rdquo;,&nbsp;24 sericulture projects are implemented for the holistic development of sericulture in the state.</li>
</ul>

<h2> 
Arunachal Pradesh Education</h2>

The average literacy rate in the state is 66.95% according to the 2011 census. Education in Arunachal Pradesh is gradually improving several plans and projects being initiated by both state and central government.

<ul>
	<li>NERIST (North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology)&nbsp;plays a very significant role in raising the technical and management education in the state.</li>
	<li>The institutions of higher education in Arunachal Pradesh are: Indira Gandhi Technological and Medical Sciences University and Himalayan University. They are established under the&nbsp;UGC act 1956&nbsp;section 2f and with Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Gazette approval.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (TRIHMS)&nbsp;is the first medical college in the state which was made operationalised. The college received its first batch of 50 MBBS students in 2018. In the state budget 2019-20, Rs. 90 crore and Rs. 40 crore were proposed to provide as Grants-in-Aid for smooth running of the hospital and medical college.</li>
	<li>Rajiv Gandhi University&nbsp;is the oldest university in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. It is located in the Rono Hills of Doimukh village, about 9 miles from the state capital, Itanagar. The foundation stone for the university was laid in 1984 by then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="RGU" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/RGU.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

Image Source: Rajiv Gandhi University] 
&nbsp;

<h2>Sports of Arunachal Pradesh</h2>

Sports play a very significant role in people&rsquo;s lives. Some of the sports of Arunachal Pradesh are &ndash;

<ul>
	<li>Hole Taso Dukanaram:&nbsp;This is a game which involves the imitation of an animal called Hole Taso. The animal quite like a cat runs around beating its chest alternatively with both its front paws.</li>
	<li>Hinam Turnam:&nbsp;This game is called the struggle of life and death by local people. The participants here in the game assume the role of the hunter and the hunted in the forest.</li>
	<li>Majong:&nbsp;This is a traditional game played by four persons with small tiles where the players pick up the tiles and discard them until any one of them has a winning combination.</li>
	<li>Archery:&nbsp;It is also a prominent sport of Arunachal Pradesh. It is not only an important sport but people look upon it as a part of their culture.</li>
	<li>Football:&nbsp;The Arunachal Pradesh Football Association is the governing body of football activities in the state which is gradually gaining popularity.</li>
</ul>

Here are&nbsp;some interesting facts about Arunachal Pradesh&nbsp;&ndash;

<ul>
	<li>Tapi Mra:&nbsp;A mountaineer from India and the first person from Arunachal Pradesh to scale Everest.</li>
	<li>Arunachal Pradesh, meaning &ldquo;Land of the Rising Sun&rdquo;, long has been a recognized region of the Indian subcontinent, receiving mention in such ancient Hindu literature as the Kalika-Purana, the epic poems, Mahabharat and Ramayana.</li>
	<li>Kiren Rijiju, the current minister of State of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and Minister of State in the Ministry of Minority Affairs of India, is from Arunachal Pradesh.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Kiren Rijiju" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Kiren Rijiju.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px" />

[Image Source: Tribune India]

<ul>
	<li>Length of the international boundary of Arunachal Pradesh is 1817 km which is&nbsp;third longest of Indian states&nbsp;lying on international borders.</li>
	<li>Arunachal Pradesh has the&nbsp;second largest decadal population&nbsp;growth rate of 25.9%, first being Meghalaya with 27.8%.</li>
	<li>Mrinal Miri&nbsp;is a popular philosopher who graduated from the University of Cambridge.</li>
	<li>Dorjee Khandu&nbsp;is the former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh who belongs to Congress Party. He succumbed in a helicopter accident in 2011.</li>
</ul>

This was all about this state. We&rsquo;ll keep informing you about the significance and beauty of each state/UT just like this. In the next blog, we would be discussing some interesting facts and trivia about the state of Assam. Click here for &#39;Know Your State Assam&nbsp;- Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes&rsquo;. Hope this helps you in preparing for your competitive exams such as&nbsp;CDS, SSC CGL, NET JRF,&nbsp;etc.

Interesting Facts about Arunachal Pradesh - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your State Arunachal Pradesh - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

In this blog, we’ll be looking at a state from northeast India. It is known for its wildlife, tea plantations, and varied culture. The state is a delightful blend of culture, heritage, faiths, and beliefs. It is a melting pot of the numerous ethnic tribes and sub-tribes residing in the state. The state is ASSAM.

Hence, this article will give you full-fledged information about the cultural, geographical and political aspects of Assam.

Do you know which state in India has the World’s largest River Island? Which state is known as “The Land of the Red River and Blue Hills” and Why? 
 

<h2 id="content-id-703-0">Symbols of Assam</h2>

The state symbols are very essential because they can be used to put the feeling of pride and unity in a state’s population. State symbols are used to signify the importance of that particular state.

So, let’s look at state symbols of Assam – 

<div>
<table style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Assam</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Dispur</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Assamese</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Bihu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Indian Rhinoceros</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>White-winged Duck</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Foxtail Orchid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Hollong</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State CM (Present)</td>
			<td>Himanta Biswa Sarma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present)</td>
			<td>Gulab Chand Kataria</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
</div>

Let’s start with the very first topic, that is, 
 

<h2 id="content-id-703-1">Culture of Assam</h2>

Assam is the meeting ground of diverse cultures. Assam culture is influenced by the Ahom Dynasty and the Koch Kingdom who ruled the region for many years. The culture and tradition of the state, its music, dance and literature are all interwoven into the social fabric.

<ul>
	<li>The native people of Assam are called Asomiya (Assamese), an Indo-Aryan language, which is also the state language of Assam. The natives of Assam are a mixture of Mongoloid, Indo-Burmese, Indo-Iranian and Aryan.</li>
	<li>The state has a large number of tribes out of which Bodo are the largest tribe in Assam, white chakma, chutia, dimasa and other tribes are also there.</li>
	<li>The state is known for one of its kind Assamese Golden Silk called Muga which is produced only in Assam. The silk is known for its extreme durability and has a natural yellowish-golden tint with a shimmering, glossy texture.</li>
	<li>Kamakhya Temple is located on Nilachal Hill of Guwahati. It is an ancient and very famous hindu temple devoted to goddess Kamakhya (one of the incarnations of goddess Durga).</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Kamakhya Temple" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Kamakhya Temple.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Assam is full of festivals, the most important being the BIHU. It is celebrated to mark the important points of a cultivator’s life over a yearly cycle. A non-religious festival which is celebrated irrespective of caste and creed.</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Rongali or Bohag Bihu is celebrated in Mid-April with the coming of spring and the beginning of the sowing season. It is also known as Rangaali Bihu (“rang” means merry-making). The first day of Rongali Bihu is called “Goru Bihu” when the cows are taken to the nearby ponds to be bathed.</li>
	<li>Kangaali Bihu (Kangaali means poor) is celebrated in mid-October. It is called so because by this time the harvest is brought home.</li>
	<li>The Magh Bihu is celebrated in mid-January. There are community feasts and bonfires which take place. It is also known as Bhogaali Bihu (“Bhog” means enjoyment and feasting).</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Gamosa is an indispensable part of almost all socio-religious ceremonies in Assam. Literally translated, it means ‘something to wipe the body with’ (Ga=body, mosa= to wipe).</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Its original term is Gamcha, interpreting the word ‘Gamosa’ as the body-wiping towel is misleading.</li>
	<li>It looks like a white rectangular piece of cloth along with a red border on three sides and woven motifs on the fourth.</li>
	<li>Bihu dancers wrap it around the head, it is often hung around the neck at the prayer hall and was thrown over the shoulder in the past to signify social status. It is used to cover the altar at the prayer hall or over the scriptures.</li>
	<li> The other things like Tamul Paan and Xorai are also important symbols. The former is considered as an offering of devotion whereas the latter is a bell used for a container medium.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Tamul Paan" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Tamul Paan.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Assamese dishes are said to be less spicy than any other Indian dishes. Assamese are mostly non-vegetarian, and their staple diet is rice.</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Fish curry is another favourite which is prepared as a sour dish called Machor Tenga.</li>
	<li>Baked fish wrapped in leaves with white mustard paste is a popular delicacy called Patot Diya Mas where “pat” means leaf in Assamese.</li>
	<li>A traditional Assamese begins with Khar and ends with a spicy and tangy Tenga, Betelnut and paan conclude the meal.</li>
	<li>Khorisa is fermented bamboo shoots used to flavour curries, Koldli (bamboo flower) and squash are used as vegetables.</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The Assamese use bamboo to welcome guests because of their attachment to the bamboo culture. Known as Jaapi, this is basically known as the Sunshade of Assam. It is made of bamboo strips and dried palm leaves locally known as Tokow Pat.</li>
	<li>Assamese men wear Dhoti Gamosa, Dhoti is a piece of garment worn in the lower part of the body. The Dhoti is wrapped around the waist while Gamosa is a cloth rectangular in shape with a red border on three sides used to wipe hands.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Gamosa" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Gamosa.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Assamese women wear Mekhela Chador, a two-piece garment. It is draped from the waist to downward and later tucked into the waist with a triangular fold. Mekhela is worn around the waist with few folds and the Chador is draped around the body and brought it back to the waist and tucked in. Although it looks like a saree, it is different from a saree as it got two parts i.e. Mekhela and Chador.</li>
	<li>Ali-Ai-Ligang: This is a spring festival and the name of the festival is made up of three terms – ‘Ali’ which means root and seed, ‘Ai’ means fruit and ‘Ligang’ means to sow.</li>
	<li>Ojapali, Devdasi and Satriya are the major dancing styles of Assam. The dances of the Bodos are associated with the Kherai Puja festival where Bagurumba dance is the most popular.</li>
	<li>The jewellery is simple and decorated with ruby or mina. The traditional ones worn by men are called Biri, Magardana, Matamoni, Kundal and Lokapora whereas the ones worn by women are Keru, Karphul, Kharu, Aargathi, Nalak and Keyur.</li>
</ul>

Let us jump to another interesting topic – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-703-2">Geography of Assam</h2>

The state boasts of a fertile agricultural land and there are quaint hills in Assam that adorn the state with their majesty.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension: 240 N to 280 N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension: 890 E to 960 E</li>
	<li>Area: 78,438 sq.km</li>
</ul>

Rank in India – 16th

<ul>
	<li>Population (According to the 2011 census) – 31,169,272 or 3.9 crores</li>
</ul>

Rank in India – 15th 

<ul>
	<li>Number of Districts: 31</li>
	<li>Literacy Rate: 72.19%</li>
	<li>Boundaries: The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the North, Nagaland and Manipur to the east, Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh, Meghalaya to the south and West Bengal to the west via the Siliguri Corridor.</li>
	<li>The Y-shaped state is divided into 3 physical regions –</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>The Brahmaputra River Valley in the North.</li>
	<li>The Barak River/Upper Surma River Valley in the South.</li>
	<li>The Hilly region is between Meghalaya (to the west) and Nagaland and Manipur (to the east) in the south-central part of the state. </li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Climate: The climate of Assam is typically “Tropical Monsoon Rainfall” type, with high level of humidity and heavy rainfall. </li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>The summer season is characterized by extreme humidity and frequent showers from the month of March and extends till the end of June. In fact, the mercury level never rises more than 380, even in the hottest month of the year.</li>
	<li>The monsoon season experiences an annual rainfall of 70 inches in the west and around 120 inches in the east. The neighbouring areas of Cherapunji and Mawsynram have the highest rainfall in the world. The thunderstorms known as Bordoicila, are very common in the state in the afternoon in monsoon.</li>
	<li>The winter season starts in November and continues till the month of February. The mercury reading at this time of year is around 6 to 8 degrees Celsius or 43-46 degrees Fahrenheit.</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Soils: The soils of Assam are very rich in nitrogen and organic matter.</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>The Alluvial soils of the Brahmaputra and the Barak valley are highly fertile as they are formed from the alluvial with deposits, deposited by the rivers Brahmaputra, Barak and their tributaries.</li>
	<li>The Piedmont soils are mainly found in the northern narrow zone along the piedmont zone of the Himalayan foothills. These soils comprise the Bhabar soil and the Tarai soil, covering respectively the Bhabar and Tarai Belt of the Brahmaputra Valley.</li>
	<li>The Hill soils are generally found in the southern hilly terrain of the state. The hill soils may be divided into red sandy soils and red loamy soils.</li>
	<li>The Lateritic soils in the state extensively occur almost entirely over the N.C. Hills district while few patches are confined to the eastern margin of the Anglong district. These soils are dark and finely textured with heavy loams and deficient in nitrogen, potash, phosphoric acid and lime.</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Some of the important hills of the state are –</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Mikir Hills</li>
	<li>Rengam Hills</li>
	<li>Barail Range</li>
	<li>Bhuban Hills</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Brahmaputra river enters Assam near Sadiya in the extreme northeast and runs westward through the length of Assam for nearly 450 miles (725 km) before turning south to enter the plains of Bangladesh.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Brahmaputra" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Brahmaputra.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

The last (but not least) aspect which is left in this part is – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-703-3">Polity of Assam</h2>

The Assam Legislature is Unicameral in nature and consists of 126 members in Assam Assembly.

<ul>
	<li>The Assam Assembly is presided over by the speaker, who is generally a member of the ruling party.</li>
	<li>The political structure of Assam in India is headed by the ceremonial post of the Governor. He is assisted by the council of ministers, headed by the CM, who are members of the Assam Assembly.</li>
	<li>In recent years, the Governor has become more powerful, especially because the last two Governors have been ex-Army Generals and the Army is entrusted with anti-insurgency operations against ULFA (United Liberation Front of Assam) and other armed groups.</li>
	<li>The High Court of Assam is in Guwahati, the largest city in the state. The Chief Justice is Justice Sandeep Mehta.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Justice Sandeep" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Justice Sandeep.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Rajasthan Judicial Academy]

<ul>
	<li>Representation of Assam in Parliament:</li>
</ul>

Rajya Sabha – 7

Lok Sabha – 14

<ul>
	<li>The first CM of Assam was Gopinath Bordoloi. His term of office was from 11 Feb 1946 to 6 August 1950. He was from Indian National Congress (INC).</li>
	<li>Since 1946, Assam has had 14 CMs. 10 of these belonged to the INC, including Gopinath Bordoloi, the first CM of Assam and Anwara Taimur, India’s first female Muslim CM. Congressman Tarun Gogoi is the longest-serving officeholder, having served for 15 years from 2001 to 2016.</li>
	<li>The current CM is Hemanta Biswa Sarma, the second CM from BJP when he was sworn in on 0 May 2021.</li>
	<li>The first Governor of Assam was Sir Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari from 4 May 1947 to 15 August 1947 and also from 15 August 1947 to 28 December 1948.</li>
	<li>The present Governor is Gulab Chand Kataria since 22 February 2023. He is the 31st Governor. </li>
</ul>

<img alt="Gulab Chand" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Gulab Chand.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Outlook India]

Now, we’ll be ending this informative article with Some Interesting Facts:

<ul>
	<li>Assam is known as “The Land of the Red River and Blue Hills”. The heavily silt-laden Brahmaputra, winding its way through the breadth of Assam looks reddish because of high sedimentation and is thus called Lauhitya (meaning red in local language). From a distance, the snow-capped Himalaya of Arunachal Pradesh and the heavily forested mountains of Meghalaya simmer, giving the Assamese horizon a blue haze. This is why the state is called “The Land of Red River and Blue Hills”.</li>
	<li>Siliguri Corridor (Chicken’s Neck) is a narrow stretch of land of about 22 km, located in the Indian state of West Bengal that connects India’s north-eastern states to the rest of India.</li>
	<li>The river Brahmaputra also forms the world’s largest River Island called “Majuli” in Assam and on 8 September 2016, it became the first island to be made a district in India.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Majuli" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Majuli.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Assam is the Gateway of North-East India, dominated by Brahmaputra and Barak. A large part of Assam is situated in the narrow valley that these rivers have created over the period of time. Assam, also described as the Shangrila in North-Eastern India is the Gateway to the North-East.</li>
	<li>The word “Assam” is derived from the word “asama” meaning “peerless” in the now extinct Ahom language.</li>
	<li>The mighty river Brahmaputra is also popularly known as the “Lifeline of Assam”. Futile lands on its banks develop a variety of crops, creating human civilization and its beauty attracts visitors throughout the year. It is also treated as one of the holiest rivers in India and the only Male River in the world.</li>
</ul>

This was all about this article and if you want to update yourself with plenty of knowledge regarding states and all, so just stay tuned and prepare well. Hope all your anonymous doubts would be cleared with these illuminating blogs and this would be a great help to you in your competitive exams such as CDS, RRB NTPC, NDA, BANK PO etc. 
 
In the next blog, we will be discussing some very important facts about Assam’s History, Environment, Education, Economy, etc. Click here for '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-assam-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Assam - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>’ – Part 2!

Thank You

Interesting Facts about Assam - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Know Your State ASSAM – ASSAM GK Notes (Part 1)

Interesting Facts about Assam - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your State ASSAM – ASSAM GK Notes (Part 2)

Here, we’ll talk about a heavily forested state in central India known for its temples and waterfalls. Chhattisgarh is one such state in India where you get to cover so many aspects under one roof such as from monuments to spectacular landscapes, waterfalls, etc. Chhattisgarh is a uniquely Indian experience which is home to the country’s widest waterfalls, caves, lush green forests, ancient monuments, rare wildlife, exquisitely carved temples, Buddhist sites and hill plateaus.

So, in this particular blog we will edify on the cultural, geographical and political aspects of Chhattisgarh.

Do you know which state contains the source of one of the most important rivers of the South Asian peninsula- The Mahanadi? “Rice Bowl of India” is the name given to which state? India’s first steel industry was set up in which state?

So, let’s go ahead with some more interesting facts about Chhattisgarh along with answering the above questions.

CHHATTISGARH is India’s 10th largest state. It is endowed with a rich culture, heritage, and attractive natural diversity. This state is located in the heart of India with a ten thousand years old civilization. It is a land ‘Full of Surprises’ that attracts tourists who look forward to experiencing the pristine. On 1 November 2000, this state was formed. Chhattisgarh has become a magnet for nature enthusiasts who wish to explore unique tribal arts, crafts, and traditions.  
 

<h2 id="content-id-706-0">State Symbols of Chhattisgarh</h2>

<table style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Raipur</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Chhattisgarhi</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Foxtail Orchid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Sal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Hill Myna</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Wild Buffalo</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Panthi folk dance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present)</td>
			<td>Justice (Retd) Biswabhusan Harichandan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (Present)</td>
			<td>Bhupesh Baghel</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let’s start with the foremost aspect of Chhattisgarh i.e. cultural aspect. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-706-1">Culture of Chhattisgarh</h2>

Chhattisgarh is famous for its rich cultural heritage that reflects various aspects of this beautiful state. The State has a very unique and vibrant culture. People of the state are traditional and believe in a simple way of living following their traditional customs and beliefs. It can be visibly observed in their food habits, festivals and fairs, costumes, ornaments, folk dance and music as well.

<ul>
	<li>Chhattisgarh has a mixed culture; Hinduism is the main religion along with Muslims, Christians and Buddhists.</li>
	<li>Cultural life of Chhattisgarh comprises varied forms of traditional art and crafts, tribal dances, folk songs, regional festivals and fairs and amusing cultural fests.</li>
	<li>Mainly, Chhattisgarh is occupied by over 35 big and small colourful tribes spread over the region.</li>
	<li> The most famous dance-drama of the State is Pandwani, which is a musical narration of the great Hindu epic Mahabharata.</li>
	<li>The most famous State Dance is Panthi dance. It is given by the Satnami community of Chhattisgarh.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Panthi Dance" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Panthi Dance.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Pinterest]

<ul>
	<li>Eastern parts of Chhattisgarh are influenced by Oriya culture.</li>
	<li> Chhattisgarh also hosts various cultural fests like Chakradhar Samaroh, Sirpur Mahotsav, Rajim Kumbh and other festivals and Bastar Lokotsav, etc. that showcase the vibrant cultural life of the state.</li>
	<li>The tribal groups of Chhattisgarh have their distinctive languages, cuisine, music, dance and lifestyle.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarhi is the local language used by most of the people who live in villages and rural areas of Chhattisgarh. But the official language of Chhattisgarh is considered to be Hindi.</li>
	<li>The State of Chhattisgarh is known as ‘The Rice Bowl of India’ and has a rich tradition of food culture. Few Chhattisgarhi dishes are Aamat, Bafauri, Bhajia, Chousela, Dubkikadhi, Farra, Khurmi, Moong Bara, Thethari, and Muthia.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is famous for “Kosa silk” and “lost wax art”. </li>
</ul>

Now let’s move forward to another aspect i.e. geographical aspect of Chhattisgarh. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-706-2">Geography of Chhattisgarh </h2>

Chhattisgarh is a state of east-central India formed partitioning ten Chhattisgarhi and six Gondi-speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh. Area-wise, Chhattisgarh is the 10th largest state in India. The northern and southern parts of the state are hilly, while the central part is a fertile plain.

<ul>
	<li>Area: 135,191 km2</li>
</ul>

Area rank in India: 10th

<ul>
	<li>Population: 32,186,262</li>
</ul>

Population rank in India: 17th

Latitude: 17°47’ N to 24°06’ N

Longitude: 80°15’ E to 84°24’ E

<ul>
	<li>It is bounded by the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand to the north and northeast, Odisha to the east, Telangana to the south, and Maharastra and Madhya Pradesh to the west.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is located in the Chhattisgarh plains, which forms the upper Mahanadi River basin. The Chhattisgarh Plain is bounded by the Chota Nagpur plateau to the north, the Maikala Ranges to the west, the hills of Raigarh to the northeast, the Raipur upland to the southeast, and the Bastar plateau to the south.</li>
	<li> It is a structural plain with topographic variations resulting from extensive denudation.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh contains the source of one of the most important rivers of the South Asian peninsula-the Mahanadi. This river originates in a village near Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The Mahanadi is the chief river of the state.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Mahandi River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Mahandi River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>About 12% of India’s forests are in Chhattisgarh, and 44% of the state’s land is covered with deciduous forests. The Green State of Chhattisgarh has the densest forests in India identified as one of the richest biodiversity habitats.</li>
	<li>The state has 3 National Parks and 11 Wildlife Sanctuaries which protect the unique and endangered species like their state bird Hill Myna etc.</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="content-id-706-3">Climate of Chhattisgarh </h2>

The climate of Chhattisgarh is tropical. It is hot and humid because of its proximity to the Tropic of Cancer and its dependence on the monsoons for rains.

<ul>
	<li>The distinct seasons seen in Chhattisgarh are summer (March to May), winter (November to February), and the intervening rainy months of the southwest monsoon (June to September).</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is one of the warmest regions in India. The summer is hot, dry, and windy, with high temperatures typically reaching at least 85 °F (about 30 °C) in all parts of the state.</li>
	<li>Winters are usually pleasant and dry, with high temperatures in the upper 70° F (mid-20° C).</li>
	<li>In December and January, there is considerable rainfall over the northern part of the state, although the state as a whole receives most of its precipitation during the southwest monsoon.</li>
	<li>Rainfall usually ranges from 47 to 60 inches (1,200 to 1,500 mm) annually.</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="content-id-706-4">Soil Type of Chhattisgarh </h2>

There are five types of soil found in Chhattisgarh. These are given below:

<ol>
	<li>Red-Yellow Soil: It is the most common type of soil found in most parts of Chhattisgarh found on around 55% of the region. This soil is found in Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg, Mahasamund, Jashpur districts. Best for cultivating rice, millets, pulses and sorghum.</li>
	<li>Red Sandy Soil: This type of soil is found in the districts of Dantewada, Kanker, Dhamtari and Durg. Ideal for the cultivation of watermelons, peaches and peanuts.</li>
	<li>Red Loam Soil: This soil is found in Dantewada, Bastar, Sukma, Bijapur regions of Chhattisgarh. This soil is suitable for growing paddy and coarse grains.</li>
	<li>Black Soil: In Chhattisgarh, it is known as Kanhari soil. Districts of Kawardha, Dhamtari, Mahasamund, Mungeli, Balod are covered by this soil for cultivating oilseeds, cotton, pulses, wheat, gram, soybeans, etc.</li>
	<li>Laterite Soil: This soil is found in the regions of Surguja, Jashpur, Balrampur, Durg, Bastar and Bemetara districts of Chhattisgarh.</li>
</ol>

Now, let’s analyse the other important aspect of Chhattisgarh i.e. political aspects. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-706-5">Government and Politics of Chhattisgarh </h2>

The structure of Chhattisgarh’s government, like that of most other Indian states, is defined by the national constitution of 1950.

<ul>
	<li>The head of state “the governor” is appointed by the president of India.</li>
	<li>The governor is aided and advised by a chief minister, who heads the Council of Ministers, which is responsible to the elected Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha).</li>
	<li>The Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Chhattisgarh state in India.</li>
	<li>Although the political capital of Chhattisgarh is Raipur, the High Court is located in Bilaspur. A chief justice presides over the High Court.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Bilaspur HC" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Bilaspur HC.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: High Court of Chattisgarh]

<ul>
	<li>Local government includes several divisions, which are subdivided further into districts. Each division is administered by a commissioner, while each is headed by a collector. Collectors exercise both executive and magisterial power.</li>
	<li>A large area of Chhattisgarh is under the control of the Naxalites. In Bastar division in the south, state law has failed to function many times.</li>
</ul>

Representation of Chhattisgarh in Parliament:

Assembly seats (unicameral): 90

Rajya Sabha: 5

Lok Sabha: 11

First Governor of Chhattisgarh: D. N. Sahay

First Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh: Ajit Pramod Kumar Jogi

Total number of districts: 33

<h2 id="content-id-706-6">Some Interesting Facts about Chhattisgarh </h2>

<ul>
	<li>Chitrakoot Falls situated in Bastar District, Chhattisgarhis known as the ‘Niagara of India’. It is a Horse shaped waterfall.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is the only state of India that has the production of tin concentrates. The state accounts for about 35.4% of tin ore reserves of India.</li>
	<li>Bhoramdeo Temple located in Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh was one of the oldest temples built in 11th century by Nagwanshi kings. It is also called The Khajuraho of Chhattisgarh because of its erotic sculptures.</li>
	<li>The Route from where Lord Rama was said to pass during exile named as Ram Van Gaman Marg is situated in Chhattisgarh.</li>
	<li>JAL- JALI is a unique place in Chhattisgarh as anyone who jumps here can create an earthquake.</li>
	<li>Bhilai steel plant (BSP) situated in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh is India’s first and main producer of steel rails and other steel products.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Bhilai SP" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Bhilai SP.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: SAIL]

Hope this blog made your facts clear about Chhattisgarh. In our forthcoming blog, we will be studying about other aspects of Chhattisgarh.

Do you know about the historical aspects of Chhattisgarh? Where is India’s first music and dance University established?

We will answer these in the next blog. Click here for '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-chattisgarh-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Chattisgarh - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>’ – Part 2! We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such as SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA, etc.

Thank you

Here, we&rsquo;ll talk about a heavily forested state in central India known for its temples and waterfalls.&nbsp;Chhattisgarh&nbsp;is one such state in India where you get to cover so many aspects under one roof such as from monuments to spectacular landscapes, waterfalls, etc.&nbsp;Chhattisgarh&nbsp;is a uniquely Indian experience which is home to country&rsquo;s widest waterfalls, caves, lush green forests, ancient monuments, rare wildlife, exquisitely carved temples, Buddhist sites and hill plateaus.

So, in this particular blog we will edify on the cultural, geographical and political aspects of Chhattisgarh.

Do you know which state contains the source of one of the most important rivers of the South Asian peninsula-&nbsp;The Mahanadi?&nbsp;&ldquo;Rice Bowl of India&rdquo;&nbsp;is the name given to which state?&nbsp;India&rsquo;s first steel industry&nbsp;was set up in which state?

So, let&rsquo;s go ahead with some more interesting facts about&nbsp;Chhattisgarh&nbsp;along with answering the above questions.

CHHATTISGARH&nbsp;is India&rsquo;s 10th largest state. It is endowed with a rich culture, heritage, and attractive natural diversity. &nbsp;This state is located in the heart of India with a ten thousand years old civilization. It is a land &lsquo;Full of Surprises&rsquo; that attracts tourists who look forward to experiencing the pristine. On 1 November 2000, this state was formed. Chhattisgarh has become a magnet for nature enthusiasts who wish to explore unique tribal arts, crafts, and traditions.&nbsp;

STATE SYMBOLS OF CHHATTISGARH:

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Raipur</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Foxtail Orchid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Sal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Hill Myna</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Wild Buffalo</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Panthi folk dance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Justice (Retd) Biswa Bhusan Harichandan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Bhupesh Baghel</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let&rsquo;s start with the foremost aspect of Chhattisgarh i.e. cultural aspect.

<h2>CULTURE&nbsp;Chhattisgarh GK Notes:</h2>

Chhattisgarh is famous for its rich cultural heritage that reflects various aspects of this beautiful state. The State has a very unique and vibrant culture. People of the state are traditional and believe in a simple way of living following their traditional customs and beliefs. It can be visibly observed in their food habits, festivals and fairs, costumes, ornaments, folk dance and music as well.

<ul>
	<li>Chhattisgarh has a mixed culture;&nbsp;Hinduism&nbsp;is the main religion along with Muslims, Christians and Buddhists.</li>
	<li>Cultural life of Chhattisgarh comprises varied forms of&nbsp;traditional art and crafts, tribal dances, folk songs, regional festivals and fairs and amusing cultural fests.</li>
	<li>Mainly, Chhattisgarh is occupied by over 35 big and small colourful tribes spread over the region.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;The most famous dance-drama of the State is&nbsp;Pandwani, which is a musical narration of the great Hindu epic Mahabharata.</li>
	<li>The most famous State Dance is&nbsp;Panthi dance. It is given by the Satnami community of Chhattisgarh.</li>
	<li>Eastern parts of Chhattisgarh are influenced by&nbsp;Oriya culture.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Chhattisgarh also hosts various cultural fests like&nbsp;Chakradhar Samaroh, Sirpur Mahotsav, Rajim Kumbh and other Festival and Bastar Lokotsav,&nbsp;etc. that showcase the vibrant cultural life of the state.</li>
	<li>The tribal groups of Chhattisgarh have their distinctive languages, cuisine, music, dance and lifestyle.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarhi&nbsp;is the local language used by most of the people who live in villages and rural areas of Chhattisgarh. But the official language of Chhattisgarh is considered to be&nbsp;Hindi.</li>
	<li>The State of Chhattisgarh is known as &lsquo;The Rice Bowl of India&rsquo;&nbsp;and has a rich tradition of food culture. Few Chhattisgarhi dishes are Aamat, Bafauri, Bhajia, Chousela, Dubkikadhi, Farra, Khurmi, Moong Bara, Thethari, and Muthia.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is famous for &ldquo;Kosa silk&rdquo; and &ldquo;lost wax art&rdquo;.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Now let&rsquo;s move forward to another aspect i.e. geographical aspect of Chhattisgarh.

<h2>GEOGRAPHY&nbsp;Chhattisgarh GK Notes:</h2>

Chhattisgarh&nbsp;is a state of east-central India&nbsp;formed partitioning ten Chhattisgarhi&nbsp;and six Gondi-speaking southeastern districts&nbsp;of Madhya Pradesh. Area-wise, Chhattisgarh is the 10th largest state in India. The northern and southern parts of the state are hilly, while the central part is a fertile plain.

<ul>
	<li>Area: 135,191 km2</li>
</ul>

Area rank in India: 10th

<ul>
	<li>Population: 32,186,262</li>
</ul>

Population rank in India: 17th

Latitude:&nbsp;17&deg;47&rsquo; N to 24&deg;06&rsquo; N

Longitude:&nbsp;80&deg;15&rsquo; E to 84&deg;24&rsquo; E

<ul>
	<li>It is bounded by the Indian states of&nbsp;Uttar Pradesh&nbsp;and Jharkhand&nbsp;to the north and northeast,&nbsp;Odisha&nbsp;to the east,&nbsp;Telangana&nbsp;to the south, and&nbsp;Maharastra&nbsp;and&nbsp;Madhya Pradesh&nbsp;to the west.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is located in the&nbsp;Chhattisgarh plains, which forms the upper&nbsp;Mahanadi River&nbsp;basin. &nbsp;The Chhattisgarh Plain is bounded by the&nbsp;Chota Nagpur&nbsp;plateau&nbsp;to the north, the&nbsp;Maikala Ranges&nbsp;to the west, the&nbsp;hills of Raigarh&nbsp;to the northeast, the&nbsp;Raipur&nbsp;upland&nbsp;to the southeast, and the&nbsp;Bastar&nbsp;plateau&nbsp;to the south.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;It is a structural plain with topographic variations resulting from extensive denudation.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh&nbsp;contains the source of one of the most important rivers of the South Asian peninsula-the Mahanadi. This river originates in a village near Raipur, Chhattisgarh.&nbsp;The Mahanadi is the chief river of the state.</li>
	<li>About&nbsp;12%&nbsp;of India&rsquo;s forests are in&nbsp;Chhattisgarh, and 44% of the state&rsquo;s land is covered with deciduous forests. The Green State of&nbsp;Chhattisgarh&nbsp;has the densest forests in India identified as one of the richest bio-diversity habitats.</li>
	<li>The state has 3 National Parks and 11 Wildlife Sanctuaries which protect the unique and endangered species like their state bird Hill Myna etc.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Climate Chhattisgarh GK Notes:</h2>

The climate of Chhattisgarh is tropical. It is hot and humid because of its proximity to the Tropic of Cancer and its dependence on the monsoons for rains.

<ul>
	<li>The distinct seasons seen in Chhattisgarh are summer (March to May), winter (November to February), and the intervening rainy months of the southwest monsoon (June to September).</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is&nbsp;one of the warmest regions&nbsp;in India. The summer is hot, dry, and windy, with high temperatures typically reaching at&nbsp;least&nbsp;85 &deg;F&nbsp;(about 30 &deg;C) in all parts of the state.</li>
	<li>Winters are usually pleasant and dry, with high temperatures in the&nbsp;upper 70&deg; F&nbsp;(mid-20&deg; C).</li>
	<li>In December and January, there is considerable rainfall over the northern part of the state, although the state as a whole receives most of its precipitation during the southwest monsoon.</li>
	<li>Rainfall usually ranges from&nbsp;47 to 60 inches (1,200 to 1,500 mm) annually.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Soil type Chhattisgarh GK Notes:</h2>

There are five types of soil found in Chhattisgarh. These are given below:

<ol>
	<li>Red-Yellow Soil:&nbsp;It is the most common type of soil found in most parts of Chhattisgarh found on around 55% of the region. This soil is found in Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg, Mahasamund, Jashpur districts. Best for cultivating rice, millets, pulses and sorghum.</li>
	<li>Red Sandy Soil:&nbsp;This type of soil is found in the districts of Dantewada, Kanker, Dhamtari and Durg. Ideal for the cultivation of watermelons, peaches and peanuts.</li>
	<li>Red loam Soil:&nbsp;This soil is found in Dantewada, Bastar, Sukma, Bijapur regions of Chhattisgarh. This soil is suitable for growing paddy and coarse grains.</li>
	<li>Black Soil:&nbsp;In Chhattisgarh, it is known as&nbsp;Kanhari soil. Districts of Kawardha, Dhamtari, Mahasamund, Mungeli, Balod are covered by this soil for cultivating oilseeds, cotton, pulses, wheat, gram, soybeans, etc.</li>
	<li>Laterite Soil:&nbsp;This soil is found in the regions of Surguja, Jashpur, Balrampur, Durg, Bastar and Bemetara districts of Chhattisgarh.</li>
</ol>

Now, let&rsquo;s analyse the other important aspect of Chhattisgarh i.e. political aspects.

<h2>GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Chhattisgarh GK Notes:</h2>

The structure of Chhattisgarh&rsquo;s government, like that of most other Indian states, is defined by the national constitution of 1950.

<ul>
	<li>The head of state &ldquo;the governor&rdquo; is appointed by the president of India.</li>
	<li>The governor is aided and advised by a chief minister, who heads the Council of Ministers, which is responsible to the elected Legislative Assembly&nbsp;(Vidhan Sabha).</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly&nbsp;is the unicameral&nbsp;state legislature of Chhattisgarh&nbsp;state in India.</li>
	<li>Although the political capital of Chhattisgarh is&nbsp;Raipur, the High Court is located in&nbsp;Bilaspur. A chief justice&nbsp;presides over the High Court.</li>
	<li>Local government includes several divisions, which are subdivided further into districts. Each division is administered by a commissioner, while each is headed by a collector. Collectors exercise both executive and magisterial power.</li>
	<li>A large area of Chhattisgarh is under the control of&nbsp;the Naxalites. In Bastar division in the south, state law has failed to function many times.</li>
</ul>

Representation of Chhattisgarh in Parliament:

Assembly seats (unicameral):&nbsp;90

Rajya Sabha:&nbsp;5

Lok Sabha:&nbsp;11

First Governor of Chhattisgarh:&nbsp;D. N. Sahay

First Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh:&nbsp;Ajit Pramod Kumar Jogi

Total number of districts: 33

<h2>SOME&nbsp;INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT Chhattisgarh GK Notes:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>Chitrakoot Falls&nbsp;situated in Bastar District, Chhattisgarhis known as the &lsquo;Niagara of India&rsquo;. It is a Horse shaped waterfall.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is the only state of India that has the production of&nbsp;tin concentrates. The state accounts for&nbsp;about 35.4% of tin ore reserves of India.</li>
	<li>Bhoramdeo Temple&nbsp;located in Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh was one of the oldest temple built in 11th&nbsp;century by&nbsp;Nagwanshi kings.&nbsp;It is also called&nbsp;The Khajuraho of Chhattisgarh&nbsp;because of its erotic sculptures.</li>
	<li>The Route from where Lord Rama was said to pass during exile named as&nbsp;Ram Van Gaman Marg&nbsp;is situated in Chhattisgarh.</li>
	<li>JAL- JALI&nbsp;is a unique place in Chhattisgarh as anyone who jumps here can create an earthquake.</li>
	<li>Bhilai steel plant (BSP)&nbsp;situated in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh is India&rsquo;s first and main producer of steel rails and other steel products.</li>
</ul>

Hope this blog made your facts clear about Chhattisgarh. In our forthcoming blog, we will be studying about other aspects of Chhattisgarh.

Do you know about the historical aspects of Chhattisgarh? Where is India&rsquo;s first music and dance University established?

We will answer these in the next blog. Click here for&nbsp;Know your state &lsquo;Chhatisgarh&rsquo; &ndash; Part 2! We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such&nbsp;SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA,&nbsp;etc.

Thank you

Interesting Facts about Chhattisgarh - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Know Your State Chhattisgarh – Chhattisgarh GK Notes (Part 1)

In the preceding blog, we had talked about the Culture, Geography and Polity of Chhattisgarh. If you haven’t read that already, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-chhattisgarh-geography-climate-and-culture-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Chhattisgarh - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes</a>' – Part 1. Now, this blog will buckle down to the other chief aspects of Chhattisgarh namely History, Environment and Economy.

Which state’s ancient name was Dakshin-Kausal? Do you know what the GDP rank of Chhattisgarh is? Where is the World’s Second longest cave?

Let’s begin with the topmost aspect of Chhattisgarh i.e. bygone days of Chhattisgarh. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-707-0">History of Chhattisgarh </h2>

Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh. It came into being on 1 November 2000 as the 26th State of the Union. It fulfilled the long-cherished demand of the people. The region was known as Dakshin-Kausal in ancient times. The region of Chhattisgarh is mentioned in Ramayana and Mahabharata.

<ul>
	<li>The former times of Chhattisgarh existed before the 4th century CE, formerly titled as Southern Kosala.</li>
	<li>The name Chhattisgarh, meaning “thirty-six forts”, was previously claimed to be the territory of the Haihaya dynasty.</li>
	<li>In-between the 6th to 20th century Sarabhpurias, Panduavanshi, Somvanshi, Kalchuri and Nagvanshi rulers controlled this region. Out of these, Kulchuris ruled for the most duration from 980 to 1791 AD in medieval times.</li>
	<li>During pre-modern times, Chhattisgarh was also under the control of the Marathas (Bhonsale clan of Nagpur).</li>
	<li>The control was passed on to Britishers from 1845- 1947. Under British rule, Chhattisgarh comprised 14 feudatory princely kingdoms under the Eastern States Agency.</li>
	<li>At that time, Raipur was the headquarters of this division.</li>
	<li>Till November 2000, Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh. Although protests for Chhattisgarh statehood started in the early 1970s.</li>
	<li>Chandulal Chandrakar of Chhattisgarh Rajya Nirman Manch played the leading role in the late 90s for the creation of this separate state.</li>
</ul>

For further information on the history of Chhattisgarh, view Madhya Pradesh’s History

Now, let’s shift to another aspect of Chhattisgarh i.e. environment. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-707-1">Environment of Chhattisgarh </h2>

The green state of Chhattisgarh has the densest forests in India. Chhattisgarh offers breathtaking natural beauty blended with astonishing waterfalls, natural caves and dramatic mountain ranges. Chhattisgarh is the treasure house of natural, untouched beauty. There are plenty of wildlife sanctuaries which are home to rich wildlife. Other attractions of Chhattisgarh include dams, museums and waterfalls.

<h3>Major Dams:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Chhattisgarh has a limited irrigation system with dams, barrage, reservoirs and canals. There are 51 medium and major projects that have been completed or are under construction.</li>
	<li>Gangrel Dam or Sagar Dam built across the Mahanadi River in Dhamtari district, Chhattisgarh is the longest Dam in the state with a total length of 1,830m and height of 30.5m.</li>
	<li>Murrum Silli Dam on Sillari River is the first dam in Asia to have Siphon Spillways with a height- 34.15m, built for the purpose of irrigation.</li>
	<li>Khudia Dam in Bilaspur is the major water sports destination in the state.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Khudia Dam" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Khudia Dam.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Mungeli]

<h3>Major Rivers:</h3>

The Mahanadi is the lifeline of Chhattisgarh. Except for the rivers of Bastar, other major rivers like the Shivnath, Arpa, Hasdo, Sondur and Jonk become a part of the Mahanadi River. The Mahanadi and its tributaries hold 50.48% of the state’s water.

<h3>Major national parks and wildlife sanctuary:</h3>

Chhattisgarh has 3 National Parks and 11 Wildlife Sanctuaries making it one of the most important contributors to the flora and fauna map of India. The state is the homeland to different leopards, tigers, birds which pass through the state during winter months.

<ul>
	<li>Udanti Wild Buffalo Wildlife Sanctuary is in the Raipur District. It has been created for the protection of its herbivorous population of barking deer, gaur, 4- horned antelopes, chital, chinkara, wild buffalo, etc.</li>
	<li>Sanjay national park, also known as Ghasi Das National Park was established in 1982. This national park is frequented by tigers, chital, jackals, cobras, pythons and special birds like wagtails, blue kingfishers, munias etc.</li>
	<li>Indravati National Park in Bijapur, Chhattisgarh derives its name from Indravati River is home to one of the last populations of rare wild buffalo. This National Park is the finest and most famous wildlife park of Chhattisgarh.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Indravati Park" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Indravati Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Bijapur]

Let’s switch to the next aspect of Chhattisgarh i.e. economy. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-707-2">Economy of Chhattisgarh </h2>

The economy of Chhattisgarh is based on mining, agriculture, energy production, and manufacturing. It is the most backward region of the country and the economy is mainly driven by the mineral resources of the state. The state has major deposits of coal, iron ore, dolomite, and other minerals.

<ul>
	<li>Chhattisgarh state is ranked as the 17th-largest tea producing state in India. The districts of Jashpur and Surguja are favourable tea production areas.</li>
	<li>Agriculture is counted as the chief economic occupation of the state. About 80% of the population is rural and the main livelihood of the villagers is agriculture and agricultural-based small industry.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is called RICE BOWL OF INDIA as its main crop; Rice is grown on about 77% of the net sown area. Due to the limited availability of irrigated areas, the productivity of rice and other crops is low. Hence, agriculture does not contribute much to the economy of the state.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is rich in minerals. 50% of the country’s total cement is produced in this state. It has the highest output of coal in the country with the second-highest reserves. It is third in Iron ore production and first in tin production.</li>
</ul>

GDP of Chhattisgarh: ₹3.62 LAKH CRORE

Rank (as per GDP): 17th

Growth of GDP: 5.3% (2019-20)

Per Capita GDP: ₹98,281

Sector-wise GDP: Agriculture- 17%, Industry- 46%, Services- 37% (2019- 20)

Revenues: ₹84,131 CRORE

<h2 id="content-id-707-3">Education of Chhattisgarh </h2>

The Education scenario in Chhattisgarh is not very remarkable as it lacks proper educational infrastructure. Nevertheless, the state government has launched several programs for enhancing academics.

<ul>
	<li>According to the 2001 census, the literacy rate of the state is 65.18%.</li>
	<li>Raipur, the state capital, is the main center of higher education in Chhattisgarh.</li>
	<li>Most of the colleges and institutions in the state are affiliated to the government recognized universities. The colleges in Chhattisgarh offer various courses in biotechnology, dental science, law, hotel management, medical, physiotherapy, mass communication, nursing, veterinary science and management, architecture, engineering etc.</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="content-id-707-4">Sports of Chhattisgarh</h2>

The state of Chhattisgarh has a robust culture of sports. The sports of Chhattisgarh consist of football, hockey, cricket, basketball, kabaddi, volleyball, badminton and almost all other sports activities practiced all over India.

Here are some more interesting facts about Chhattisgarh:

<ul>
	<li>Habib Tanvir, a famous Urdu and Hindi poet and writer was born in Raipur.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Habib Tanvir" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Habib Tanvir.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: The Hindu]

<ul>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is situated on the oldest rocks on the Indian Subcontinent and is the 10th largest state of India and is also an important electricity and steel producing state of India.</li>
	<li>Sirpur is a perfect of the assortment, Heritage and History, was the capital city of the ancient Dakshin Kaushal i.e. Chhattisgarh.</li>
	<li>At Khairagarh India’s first University dedicated only to Music and Dance, “The Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya” is situated.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Indira Kala Sangeet" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Indira Kala Sangeet.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Narthaki]

<ul>
	<li>Kailash and Kotusmar Cave is a unique cave of limestone but is also the second-longest natural cave in the whole world.</li>
	<li>The highest peak of the state is the Bailadila range in Dantewada district, Chhattisgarh with an altitude of 1,276 m.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh accounts for 15 % of the total steel production of the country.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh accounts for 70% of Tendu leaves production. ‘Bidis’ are made out of these leaves.</li>
	<li>The High Sex Ratio of the state is 991/1000 – put it at 5th rank among Indian states.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, this was all the needed important knowledge about Chhattisgarh that will make your preparation for competitive exams like SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services and NDA,etc.

Thank You

In the preceding blog, we had talked about the&nbsp;Culture,&nbsp;Geography&nbsp;and&nbsp;Polity of Chhattisgarh. If you haven&rsquo;t read that already, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Chhattisgarh&rsquo; &ndash; Part 1. Now, this blog will buckle down to the other chief aspects of Chhattisgarh namely&nbsp;History,&nbsp;Environment&nbsp;and&nbsp;Economy.

Which state&rsquo;s ancient name was&nbsp;Dakshin-Kausal? Do you know what&nbsp;the GDP rank of Chhattisgarh&nbsp;is? Where is the&nbsp;World&rsquo;s Second longest cave?

Let&rsquo;s begin with the topmost aspect of Chhattisgarh i.e. bygone days of Chhattisgarh.

<h2>HISTORY&nbsp;Chhattisgarh&nbsp;GK Notes:</h2>

Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh. It came into being on&nbsp;1 November 2000&nbsp;as the 26th&nbsp;State of the Union. It fulfilled the long-cherished demand of the people. The region was known as&nbsp;Dakshin-Kausal&nbsp;in ancient times. The region of Chhattisgarh is mentioned in Ramayana and Mahabharata.

<ul>
	<li>The former times of Chhattisgarh existed before the 4th&nbsp;century CE, formerly titled as&nbsp;Southern Kosala.</li>
	<li>The name Chhattisgarh, meaning &ldquo;thirty-six forts&rdquo;, was previously claimed to be the territory of the&nbsp;Haihaya dynasty.</li>
	<li>In-between the 6th&nbsp;to 20th&nbsp;century Sarabhpurias, Panduavanshi, Somvanshi, Kalchuri and Nagvanshi rulers controlled this region. Out of these,&nbsp;Kulchuris&nbsp;ruled for the most duration from 980 to 1791 AD in medieval times.</li>
	<li>During pre-modern times, Chhattisgarh was also under the control of the&nbsp;Marathas (Bhonsale clan of Nagpur).</li>
	<li>The control was passed on to Britishers from&nbsp;1845- 1947. Under British rule, Chhattisgarh comprised of&nbsp;14 feudatory princely kingdoms&nbsp;under the&nbsp;Eastern States Agency.</li>
	<li>At that time,&nbsp;Raipur&nbsp;was the headquarters of this division.</li>
	<li>Till November 2000, Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh. Although protests for Chhattisgarh statehood started in the early 1970s.</li>
	<li>Chandulal Chandrakar of Chhattisgarh Rajya Nirman Manch&nbsp;played the leading role in the late 90s for the creation of this separate state.</li>
</ul>

For further information on the history of Chhattisgarh, view Madhya Pradesh&rsquo;s History

Now, let&rsquo;s shift to another aspect of Chhattisgarh i.e. environment.

<h2>ENVIRONMENT&nbsp;Chhattisgarh&nbsp;GK Notes:</h2>

The green state of Chhattisgarh has the densest forests in India. Chhattisgarh offers breathtaking natural beauty blended with astonishing waterfall, natural caves and dramatic mountain ranges. Chhattisgarh is the treasure house of natural, untouched beauty. There are plenty of wildlife sanctuaries which are home to rich wildlife. Other attractions of Chhattisgarh include dams, museums and waterfalls.

<h2>Major Dams:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>Chhattisgarh has a limited irrigation system with dams, barrage, reservoirs and canals. There are 51 medium and major projects that have been completed or are under construction.</li>
	<li>Gangrel Dam or Sagar Dam&nbsp;built across the Mahanadi River in Dhamtari district, Chhattisgarh is the longest Dam in the state with a total length of 1,830m and height of 30.5m.</li>
	<li>Murrum &nbsp;Silli Dam&nbsp;on Sillari River&nbsp;is the first dam in Asia to have Siphon Spillways with a height- 34.15m, built for the purpose of irrigation.</li>
	<li>Khudia Dam&nbsp;in Bilaspur is the major water sports destination in the state.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Major Rivers:</h2>

The&nbsp;Mahanadi&nbsp;is the lifeline of Chhattisgarh. Except for the rivers of Bastar, other major rivers like the Shivnath, Arpa, Hasdo, Sondur and Jonk become a part of the Mahanadi River. The Mahanadi and its tributaries hold&nbsp;50.48%&nbsp;of the state&rsquo;s water.

Major national parks and wildlife sanctuary:

Chhattisgarh has&nbsp;3 National Parks&nbsp;and&nbsp;11 Wildlife Sanctuaries&nbsp;making it one of the most important contributors to the flora and fauna map of India. The state is the homeland to different leopards, tigers, birds which pass through the state during winter months.

<ul>
	<li>Udanti Wild Buffalo Wildlife Sanctuary&nbsp;is in the Raipur District. It has been created for the protection of its herbivorous population of&nbsp;barking deer, gaur, 4- horned antelopes, chital, chinkara, wild buffalo, etc.</li>
	<li>Sanjay national park,&nbsp;also known as&nbsp;Ghasi Das National Park&nbsp;was set in 1982. This national park is frequented by tigers, chital, jackals, cobras, pythons and special birds like wagtails, blue kingfishers, munias etc.</li>
	<li>Indravati National Park in Bijapur, Chhattisgarh&nbsp;derives its name from Indravati River is home to one of the last populations of&nbsp;rare wild buffalo. This National Park is the&nbsp;finest&nbsp;and most famous wildlife&nbsp;park&nbsp;of Chhattisgarh.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s switch to the next aspect of Chhatisgarh i.e. economy.

<h2>ECONOMY&nbsp;Chhattisgarh&nbsp;GK Notes:</h2>

The economy of Chhattisgarh is based on mining, agriculture, energy production, and manufacturing. It is the most backward region of the country and the economy is mainly driven by the mineral resources of the state. The state has major deposits of coal, iron ore, dolomite, and other minerals.

<ul>
	<li>Chhattisgarh state is ranked as the 17th-largest tea producing state in India. The districts of Jashpur and Surguja are favourable tea production areas.</li>
	<li>Agriculture is counted as the chief economic occupation of the state. About 80% of the population is rural and the main livelihood of the villagers is agriculture and agricultural-based small industry.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is called&nbsp;RICE&nbsp;BOWL&nbsp;OF&nbsp;INDIA&nbsp;as its main crop; Rice is grown on about 77% of the net sown area. Due to the limited availability of irrigated areas, the productivity of rice and other crops is low. Hence, agriculture does not contribute much to the economy of the state.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is rich in minerals.&nbsp;50% of the country&rsquo;s total cement is produced&nbsp;in this state. It has the highest output of coal in the country with the&nbsp;second-highest reserves. It is&nbsp;third in Iron&nbsp;ore production and&nbsp;first in tin&nbsp;production.</li>
</ul>

GDP of Chhattisgarh:&nbsp;₹3.62 LAKH CRORE

Rank (as per GDP):&nbsp;17th

Growth of GDP:&nbsp;5.3% (2019-20)

Per Capita GDP:&nbsp;₹98,281

Sector-wise GDP:&nbsp;Agriculture- 17%, Industry- 46%, Services- 37% (2019- 20)

Revenues:&nbsp;₹84,131 CRORE

<h2>EDUCATION&nbsp;Chhattisgarh&nbsp;GK Notes:</h2>

The Education scenario in Chhattisgarh is not very remarkable as it lacks proper educational infrastructure. Nevertheless, the state government has launched several programs for enhancing academics.

<ul>
	<li>According to 2001 census, literacy rate of the state is&nbsp;65.18%.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Raipur, the state capital is the main center of higher education in Chhattisgarh.</li>
	<li>Most of the colleges and institutions in the state are affiliated to the government recognized universities. The colleges in Chhattisgarh offer various courses in biotechnology, dental science, law, hotel management, medical, physiotherapy, mass communication, nursing, veterinary science and management, architecture, engineering etc.</li>
</ul>

<h2>SPORTS:</h2>

The state of Chhattisgarh has a robust culture of sports. The sports of Chhattisgarh comprise of football,&nbsp;hockey, cricket, basketball, kabbadi, volleyball, badminton and almost all other sports activities practiced all over India.

Here are&nbsp;some more interesting facts about Chhattisgarh:

<ul>
	<li>Habib&nbsp;Tanvir, a famous Urdu and Hindi poet and writer was born in Raipur.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is situated on the oldest rocks on the Indian Subcontinent and is the&nbsp;10th&nbsp;largest state of India&nbsp;andis also an important electricity and steel producing state of India.</li>
	<li>Sirpur&nbsp;is a perfect of the assortment, Heritage and History, was the capital city of the ancient Dakshin Kaushal i.e. Chhattisgarh.</li>
	<li>At&nbsp;Khairagarh&nbsp;India&rsquo;s first University&nbsp;dedicated only to Music and Dance, &ldquo;The Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya&rdquo;&nbsp;issituated.</li>
	<li>Kailash&nbsp;and Kotusmar&nbsp;Cave&nbsp;is a unique&nbsp;cave of limestone&nbsp;but is also the&nbsp;second-longest natural cave&nbsp;in the whole&nbsp;world.</li>
	<li>The highest peak of the state isthe&nbsp;Bailadila range in Dantewada district, Chhattisgarh&nbsp;with an altitude of 1,276 m.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh accounts for&nbsp;15 % of the total steel production of the country.</li>
	<li>Chhattisgarh is that it accounts for&nbsp;70% of Tendu leaves production. &lsquo;Bidis&rsquo;&nbsp;are made out of these leaves.</li>
	<li>The High Sex Ratio of the state is&nbsp;991/1000 &ndash;&nbsp;put it at&nbsp;5th&nbsp;rank&nbsp;among Indian states.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, this was all the needed important knowledge about Chhattisgarh that will make your preparation for competitive exams like&nbsp;SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services&nbsp;and&nbsp;NDA,etc.

THANK YOU

Interesting Facts about Chattisgarh - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your State Chhattisgarh – Chhattisgarh General Knowledge Notes (Part 2)

Formerly a Portuguese colony, GOA today is considered to be the most westernized state of India. The beautiful state of Goa has its own majestic charm, and its roots can be traced back to its culture. The language they speak, the architecture of their buildings, their heritage, and the ethnicity together build up the unique vibe of Goa.

Do you know the eminent Musician Anthony Gonsalves belongs to which state? In which state the first printing press of Asia was established? 
 

<h2 id="content-id-708-0">State Symbols of Goa</h2>

Goa is very unique when compared to the rest of the regions in India. Let’s explore its uniqueness but before that, have a look at the state symbols –

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital </td>
			<td>Panaji </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Konkani</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal </td>
			<td>Gaur </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird </td>
			<td>Ruby Throated Yellow Bulbul </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree </td>
			<td>Matti </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower </td>
			<td>Red Jasmine </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance </td>
			<td>Dekhni, Dhangar, etc. </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State CM (Present) </td>
			<td>Pramod Sawant </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present) </td>
			<td>P. S. Sreedharan Pillai</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Goa, also known as “Rome of the East” or “The Miami of India” has a distinct Portuguese legacy, perky nightlife, natural beauty and great culinary experience. It has played host to several empires – Hindu, Buddhist, Islamic and Portuguese. Mainly the Portuguese culture has left its impression on its attitude and general lifestyle. So, to understand it better, we’ll get on to the very first aspect i.e. – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-708-1">Culture and Traditions of Goa</h2>

The culture of the Goan people is a blend of Portuguese and Indian culture. Goa’s cultural richness is reflected through Goans folk dances, festivals, cuisines, etc.

<h3>Languages:</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Konkani is the major language of the state.</li>
	<li>Apart from Konkan, Marathi and Hindi are quite common. Konkani was derived from the ancient language of Indo-Aryan civilization.</li>
	<li>Those who live in Northern Goa will have a greater accent of Marathi and Hindi, because of the proximity to Mumbai. English is a common language here.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Food:</h3>

The staple diet in Goa is Rice with fish curry.

<ol>
	<li>The common ingredients used in Goan food are coconut, coconut oil, chilli pepper, spices and vinegar adding a unique flavour to the food.</li>
	<li>Khatkhate is a very popular dish which is cooked during festivals. It is a vegetable stew that contains at least five vegetables, fresh coconut and special Goan spices.</li>
	<li>Goa cuisine is a blend of Portuguese, Muslim and Hindu styles of cooking resulting in great cuisine. They include a lot of sea food which is expertly spiced and herbed. Some of the popular dishes are vindaloo, xacuti, chorisa and sorpotel.</li>
	<li>Bebinca is a sweet dish which is prepared at the time of Christmas. It is an egg-based multi-layered scrumptious dish.</li>
	<li>Feni is a popular alcoholic beverage of Goa which is either cashew feni or coconut feni.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Bebinca" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Bebinca.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Dance and Music:</h3>

The traditional music styles of Goa are Dulpod and Mando. The Hindu population of Goa enjoys kirtan, natak and bhajan styled music too.

<ol>
	<li>Ghode Modni: This is a folk-dance form, which is performed as the dance of warriors. The dancers carry a sword and wear armors to show their bravery. Tasha and Dhol are the background music for this dance form.</li>
	<li>Mando: It is a common music version, which is usually in the romantic genre. This folk style starts with a sand tune and ends with a happy rhythm (Duldop). This music style is a mixture of Konkani music and Portuguese style.</li>
	<li>Dekhni Dance: This is a song-dance performance. The dance form is Indian originated and the music is western. This is a feminine dance form, which is famous in cinemas.</li>
	<li>Dhangar: Hangars form a community of shepherds who worship a folk god named as Bira Deva. They believe in rituals and various celebrations. They celebrate with dances on Flute and Dhol. The dances they perform are usually dedicated to Shri Radha and Krishna.</li>
	<li>Kunbi Songs and Dances: Kunbi Songs and Dances are actually played by the primitive settlers in Goa that delineates ancient traditions. The songs belong to the Portuguese era and they are basically for the enjoyment of the dancers.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Traditional Costume</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Generally, Catholic women wear dresses/gowns, while Hindu women wear Sari called Nav-vari.</li>
	<li>Another traditional costume of the womenfolk of Goa comprises that of a 9-Yard sari also referred to as the “Pano Bhaju”.</li>
	<li>The attire of the tribal people in Goa comprises of a loincloth known as “Kashti”, with a blanket draped around their shoulders.</li>
	<li>Men in Goa wear a western-style costume while the fisherman wears bright coloured shirts, half pants and bamboo hats.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Pano Bhaju" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Pano Bhaju.webp" style="height:400px; width:400px">

[Image Source:The New York Times]

<h3>Festivals:</h3>

Goa is the land where festivals for music, dance and other cultural elements are conducted. The top festivals to enjoy in Goa are –

<ol>
	<li>Shantadurga: January festival related to Goddess Shantadurga. This festival is famous for the procession, five-day fair and many cultural activities.</li>
	<li>Shigmo: This is a regional Hindu festival celebrated for 15 days with colourful activities, cultural performances and so on.</li>
	<li>Goa Carnival: This three-day carnival takes place in Panjim. You can find processions of live bands floats and much more. This is India’s Mardi Gras.</li>
	<li>Wine Festival: Since 2005, Panjim is celebrating the wine festival in January with grape stomping tradition, wine tasting and much more.</li>
</ol>

As Goa is partly coastal and partly hilly, it exhibits a variety in its geographical aspect.

<h2 id="content-id-708-2">Geography of Goa</h2>

Goa is a petite state on the west coast of India in the region of the Konkan. Konkan is an escarpment rising up to the Western Ghats which separated Goa from the Deccan Plateau.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension: 140 53’ N to 150 40’ N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension: 73040’ E to 74020’ E</li>
	<li>Area: 3702 km2</li>
</ul>

Rank in India – 28th

<ul>
	<li>Population (According to the 2011 census): 14,58,545</li>
</ul>

Rank in India – 26th

<ul>
	<li>Boundaries: It is surrounded by the Indian state of Maharashtra to the north, Karnataka to the east and south and the Arabian Sea forming its western coast.</li>
	<li>The highest point is the Sonsogor, with an altitude of 1,167 metres (3,829 ft).</li>
	<li>Goa has a coastline of 160 km.</li>
	<li>Goa’s seven major rivers are the Zuari, Mandovi, Terekhol, Chapora, Galgibag, Kumbarjua canal, Talpona and the Sal.</li>
	<li>Goa has more than 40 estuarine, eight marine and about 90 riverine islands.</li>
	<li>The total navigable length of Goa’s rivers is 253 km.</li>
	<li>Climate: Goa has a moderate temperature without having many variations. Summers are the hottest in May whereas months of January and February are the coldest during winters. The state, otherwise, experiences tropical weather throughout the year. Goa receives rainfall between the months of June and September. The highest rainfall occurs in the month of July whereas the driest month is February.</li>
	<li>As a region, Goa can be divided into four divisions –</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>The eastern hill region comprising areas in the Western Ghats like Sattari, Ponda, Cancona and Sanguem.</li>
	<li>The central valley land comprising Pernem, Bicholim, Ponda, Eastern Sanguemand Quepem.</li>
	<li>The flood plains comprising the coastal plains and uplands.</li>
	<li>Coastal Plains with the areas of Tiswadi, Murmugao, Bardez and Salcete.</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The north to south length of the state is about 100 km while the east to west width is about 55 km.</li>
	<li>The state is divided into two districts, namely North Goa and South Goa district with their headquarters at Panaji and Margao respectively. The North Goa district comprises six talukas and South Goa comprises five talukas. </li>
	<li>There are 14 statutory towns, 56 census towns and 334 villages in the state.</li>
</ul>

Now, let’s come to the political structure of the state –

<h2 id="content-id-708-3">Polity of Goa</h2>

The politics of Goa are a result of the uniqueness of this region due to 450 years of Portuguese rule, in comparison to three centuries of British colonialism experienced by the rest of India.

<ul>
	<li>Goa has a Unicameral Legislature, the Goa Legislative Assembly, of 40 members, headed by a speaker.</li>
	<li>The Chief Minister heads the executive, which is made up of the party or coalition elected with a majority in the legislature.</li>
	<li>The Governor, the head of the state, is appointed by the President of India.</li>
	<li>Representation in Parliament –</li>
</ul>

Lok Sabha – 2

Rajya Sabha – 1

<ul>
	<li>The High Court of Goa is Bombay High Court, Goa Bench. The honourable Chief Justice is Nitin Madhukar Jamdar (acting) since 28 April 2020.</li>
	<li>The current and 11th CM of Goa is Pramod Pandurang Sawant. Sawant represents the Sanquelim constituency in the Goa Legislative Assembly and is a member of the BJP. He is an Ayurveda Medical practitioner by profession.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Pramod Sawant" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Pramod Sawant.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: The Times of India]

<ul>
	<li>The current and 22nd Governor of Goa is P. S. Sreedharan Pillai, appointed on 15th July 2021. </li>
	<li>First CM – Dayanand Bandodkar (20 December 1963 – 2 December 1966)</li>
	<li>First Governor – Governor General Francisco de Almeida in 1505.</li>
</ul>

Here are Some of the Interesting Facts about Goa are –

<ul>
	<li>Goa’s Naval Aviation Museum is one of a kind and Asia’s first and only one. There are only about six other such museums in the world. This museum in Goa displays India’s naval aviation history.</li>
	<li>The Goa Medical College was India’s first medical school set up to educate prospective doctors and also to impart treatments. One of Asia’s oldest medical colleges, the library here is one of the oldest as well, with books dating back to the 18th century. It was established in Panaji, Goa in 1842. However, it was demolished in 2004.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Goa Medical College" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Goa Medical College.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Neptune Point, Silent Noise, is a world-famous headphone party, organized weekly at Neptune point near Palolem Beach.</li>
	<li>St. Cathedral Church is the largest church in Asia built by Portuguese rulers. The construction commenced in 1562 and was completed 90 years later.</li>
</ul>

Do you know what the GDP of Goa is? Which state has Dudhsagar Falls and what is its relevance? We’ll understand the facts related to such topics in the upcoming blog. Click here for '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-goa-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Goa - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>’ – Part 2! So, this was all the required important information that will help you in competitive exams such as CDS, RRB NTPC, SSC CGL, etc.

Thank You

Formerly a Portuguese colony,&nbsp;GOA&nbsp;today is considered to be the most westernized state of India. The beautiful state of Goa has its own majestic charm, and its roots can be traced back to its culture. The language they speak, the architecture of their buildings, their heritage, and the ethnicity together build up the unique vibe of Goa.

Do you know the eminent Musician&nbsp;Anthony Gonsalves&nbsp;belongs to which state? In which state the&nbsp;first printing press of Asia&nbsp;was established?

<h2>State Symbols Goa</h2>

Goa is very unique when compared to the rest of the regions in India. Let&rsquo;s explore its uniqueness but before that, have a look at the state symbols &ndash;

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Panaji&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Gaur&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Ruby Throated Yellow Bulbul&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Matti&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Red Jasmine&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Dekhni, Dhangar, etc.&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State CM (Present)&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Pramod Sawant&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present)&nbsp;</td>
			<td>P. S. Sreedharan Pillai</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Goa, also known as &ldquo;Rome of the East&rdquo; or &ldquo;The Miami of India&rdquo; has a distinct Portuguese legacy, perky nightlife, natural beauty and great culinary experience. It has played host to several empires &ndash; Hindu, Buddhist, Islamic and Portuguese. Mainly the Portuguese culture has left its impression on its attitude and general lifestyle. So, to understand it better, we&rsquo;ll get on to the very first aspect i.e. &ndash;

<h2>Culture&nbsp;&amp; Traditions of Goa</h2>

The culture of the Goan people is a blend of Portuguese and Indian culture. Goa&rsquo;s cultural richness is reflected through Goans folk dances, festivals, cuisines, etc.

<h3>Languages</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Konkani is the major language of the state.</li>
	<li>Apart from Konkan, Marathi and Hindi are quite common. Konkani was derived from the ancient language of Indo-Aryan civilization.</li>
	<li>Those who live in Northern Goa will have a greater accent of Marathi and Hindi, because of the proximity to Mumbai. English is a common language here.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Food</h3>

The staple diet in Goa is&nbsp;Rice with fish curry.

<ol>
	<li>The common ingredients used in Goan food are&nbsp;coconut,&nbsp;coconut oil,&nbsp;chilli pepper,&nbsp;spices&nbsp;and&nbsp;vinegar&nbsp;adding a unique flavour to the food.</li>
	<li>Khatkhate&nbsp;is a very popular dish which is cooked during festivals. It is a vegetable stew that contains at least five vegetables, fresh coconut and special Goan spices.</li>
	<li>Goa cuisine is a blend of&nbsp;Portuguese,&nbsp;Muslim&nbsp;and&nbsp;Hindu&nbsp;styles of cooking resulting in great cuisine. They include a lot of sea food which is expertly spiced and herbed. Some of the popular dishes are vindaloo, xacuti, chorisa and sorpotel.</li>
	<li>Bebinca&nbsp;is a sweet dish which is prepared at the time of Christmas. It is an egg-based multi-layered scrumptious dish.</li>
	<li>Feni&nbsp;is a popular alcoholic beverage of Goa which is either cashew feni or coconut feni.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Dance and Music</h3>

The traditional music styles of Goa are Dulpod and Mando. The Hindu population of Goa enjoys kirtan, natak and bhajan styled music too.

<ol>
	<li>Ghode Modni&nbsp;&ndash; This is a folk-dance form, which is performed as the dance of warriors. The dancers carry a sword and wear armors to show their bravery. Tasha and Dhol are the background music for this dance form.</li>
	<li>Mando&nbsp;&ndash; It is a common music version, which is usually in the romantic genre. This folk style starts with a sand tune and ends with a happy rhythm (Duldop). This music style is a mixture of Konkani music and Portuguese style.</li>
	<li>Dekhni Dance&nbsp;&ndash; This is a song-dance performance. The dance form is Indian originated and the music is western. This is a feminine dance form, which is famous in cinemas.</li>
	<li>Dhangar&nbsp;&ndash; Hangars form a community of shepherds who worship a folk god named as Bira Deva. They believe in rituals and various celebrations. They celebrate with dances on Flute and Dhol. The dances they perform are usually dedicated to Shri Radha and Krishna.</li>
	<li>Kunbi Songs and Dances&nbsp;&ndash; Kunbi Songs and Dances are actually played by the primitive settlers in Goa that delineates ancient traditions. The songs belong to the Portuguese era and they are basically for the enjoyment of the dancers.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Traditional&nbsp;Costume</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Generally, Catholic women wear dresses/gowns, while Hindu women wear Sari called&nbsp;Nav-vari.</li>
	<li>Another traditional costume of the womenfolk of Goa comprises that of a 9-Yard sari also referred to as the &ldquo;Pano Bhaju&rdquo;.</li>
	<li>The attire of the tribal people in Goa comprises of a loincloth known as &ldquo;Kashti&rdquo;, with a blanket draped around their shoulders.</li>
	<li>Men in Goa wear a western-style costume while the fisherman wears bright coloured shirts, half pants and bamboo hats.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Festivals</h3>

Goa is the land where festivals for music, dance and other cultural elements are conducted. The top festivals to enjoy in Goa are &ndash;

<ol>
	<li>Shantadurga&nbsp;&ndash; January festival related to Goddess Shantadurga. This festival is famous for the procession, five-day fair and many cultural activities.</li>
	<li>Shigmo&nbsp;&ndash; This is a regional Hindu festival celebrated for 15 days with colourful activities, cultural performances and so on.</li>
	<li>Goa Carnival&nbsp;&ndash; This three-day carnival takes place in Panjim. You can find processions of live bands floats and much more. This is India&rsquo;s Mardi Gras.</li>
	<li>Wine Festival&nbsp;&ndash; Since 2005, Panjim is celebrating the wine festival in January with grape stomping tradition, wine tasting and much more.</li>
</ol>

As Goa is partly coastal and partly hilly, it exhibits a variety in its geographical aspect.

<h2>GEOGRAPHY&nbsp;of Goa</h2>

Goa is a petite state on the west coast of India in the region of the Konkan. Konkan is an escarpment rising up to the Western Ghats which separated Goa from the Deccan Plateau.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;140&nbsp;53&rsquo; N&nbsp;to&nbsp;150&nbsp;40&rsquo; N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;73040&rsquo; E&nbsp;to&nbsp;74020&rsquo; E</li>
	<li>Area&nbsp;&ndash; 3702 km2</li>
</ul>

Rank in India&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;28th

<ul>
	<li>Population (According to the 2011 census)&nbsp;&ndash; 14,58,545</li>
</ul>

Rank in India&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;26th

<ul>
	<li>Boundaries&nbsp;&ndash; It is surrounded by the Indian state of Maharashtra to the north, Karnataka to the east and south and the Arabian Sea forming its western coast.</li>
	<li>The highest point is the&nbsp;Sonsogor, with an altitude of 1,167 metres (3,829 ft).</li>
	<li>Goa has a coastline of&nbsp;160 km.</li>
	<li>Goa&rsquo;s seven major rivers are the&nbsp;Zuari, Mandovi, Terekhol, Chapora, Galgibag, Kumbarjua canal, Talpona and the Sal.</li>
	<li>Goa has more than&nbsp;40&nbsp;estuarine,&nbsp;eight marine&nbsp;and about&nbsp;90 riverine islands.</li>
	<li>The total navigable length of Goa&rsquo;s rivers is&nbsp;253 km.</li>
	<li>Climate&nbsp;&ndash; Goa has a moderate temperature without having many variations. Summers are the hottest in May whereas months of January and February are the coldest during winters. The state, otherwise, experiences tropical weather throughout the year. Goa receives rainfall between the months of June and September. The highest rainfall occurs in the month of July whereas the driest month is February.</li>
	<li>As a region, Goa can be divided into four divisions &ndash;</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>The&nbsp;eastern hill region&nbsp;comprising areas in the Western Ghats like Sattari, Ponda, Cancona and Sanguem.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;central valley land&nbsp;comprising Pernem, Bicholim, Ponda, Eastern Sanguemand Quepem.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;flood plains&nbsp;comprising the coastal plains and uplands.</li>
	<li>Coastal Plains&nbsp;with the areas of Tiswadi, Murmugao, Bardez and Salcete.</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The north to south length of the state is about&nbsp;100 km&nbsp;while the east to west width is about&nbsp;55 km.</li>
	<li>The state is divided into two districts, namely&nbsp;North Goa&nbsp;and&nbsp;South Goa&nbsp;district with their headquarters at Panaji and Margao respectively. The North Goa district comprises&nbsp;six talukas&nbsp;and South Goa comprises&nbsp;five talukas. &nbsp;</li>
	<li>There are 14 statutory towns, 56 census towns and 334 villages in the state.</li>
</ul>

Now, let&rsquo;s come to the political structure of the state &ndash;

<h2>POLITY&nbsp;Goa</h2>

The politics of Goa are a result of the uniqueness of this region due to 450 years of Portuguese rule, in comparison to three centuries of British colonialism experienced by the rest of India.

<ul>
	<li>Goa has a&nbsp;Unicameral Legislature, the Goa Legislative Assembly, of&nbsp;40&nbsp;members, headed by a&nbsp;speaker.</li>
	<li>The Chief Minister heads the executive, which is made up of the party or coalition elected with a majority in the legislature.</li>
	<li>The Governor, the head of the state, is appointed by the President of India.</li>
	<li>Representation in Parliament &ndash;</li>
</ul>

Lok Sabha &ndash;&nbsp;2

Rajya Sabha &ndash;&nbsp;1

<ul>
	<li>The High Court of Goa is Bombay High Court, Goa Bench. The honourable Chief Justice is&nbsp;Nitin Madhukar Jamdar (acting)&nbsp;since&nbsp;28 April 2020.</li>
	<li>The current and 11th&nbsp;CM of Goa is&nbsp;Pramod Pandurang Sawant. Sawant represents the Sanquelim constituency in the Goa Legislative Assembly and is a member of the BJP. He is an Ayurveda Medical practitioner by profession.</li>
	<li>The current and 22nd&nbsp;Governor of Goa is&nbsp;P. S. Sreedharan Pillai, appointed on 15th July 2021.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>First CM &ndash;&nbsp;Dayanand Bandodkar&nbsp;(20 December 1963 &ndash; 2 December 1966)</li>
	<li>First Governor &ndash; Governor General&nbsp;Francisco de Almeida&nbsp;in 1505.</li>
</ul>

Here are&nbsp;Some of the Interesting Facts&nbsp;about Goa are &ndash;

<ul>
	<li>Goa&rsquo;s Naval Aviation Museum&nbsp;is one of a kind and Asia&rsquo;s first and only one. There are only about six other such museums in the world. This museum in Goa displays India&rsquo;s naval aviation history.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Goa Medical College&nbsp;was India&rsquo;s first medical school set up to educate prospective doctors and also to impart treatments. One of Asia&rsquo;s oldest medical colleges, the library here is one of the oldest as well, with books dating back to the 18th&nbsp;century. It was established in Panaji, Goa in 1842. However, it was demolished in 2004.</li>
	<li>Neptune Point, Silent Noise, is a world-famous headphone party, organized weekly at Neptune point near Palolem Beach.</li>
	<li>St. Cathedral Church&nbsp;is the largest church in Asia built by Portuguese rulers. The construction commenced in 1562 and was completed 90 years later.</li>
</ul>

Do you know what the GDP of Goa is? Which state has&nbsp;Dudhsagar Falls&nbsp;and what is its relevance? We&rsquo;ll understand the facts related to such topics in the upcoming blog. Click here for&nbsp;Know your state &lsquo;Goa&rsquo; &ndash; Part 2! So, this was all the required important information that will help you in competitive exams such as&nbsp;CDS, RRB NTPC, SSC CGL,&nbsp;etc.

Thank You&nbsp;

Interesting Facts about Goa - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Know Your State Goa – Art &amp; Culture of GOA

Known for its spritzing beaches and might-boggling nightlife, Goa has long rolls of history wrapped in its time-worn monuments and tropical spices of Southern and Portuguese cuisines. The history, environment, and economy of Goa are rich and have resulted in multi-cultural aesthetics. It has gone through continual transformations which have left an imperishable impact on its socio-economic developments.

Do you know which state has Dudhsagar Falls? Which state has the highest GDP per capita among all Indian states?

Now, let us start with the very first feature i.e. – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-709-0">History of Goa </h2>

Goa has a long history of rulers dating back to the 3rd century B.C. when it was a part of the Mauryan Empire. The Portuguese came in 1498 and were the first Europeans to set foot in India.

<h3>Pre-History and Early History:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The rock art engravings found in Goa exhibit the earliest traces of human life in India.</li>
	<li>Goa was part of the Mauryan Empire in the 3rd century ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of Magadha. Buddhist monks laid the foundation of Buddhism in Goa.</li>
	<li>The rule later passed to the Chalukyas of Badami, who controlled it between 578 and 753, and later the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed from 753 to 963.</li>
	<li>The Delhi Sultanate ruled Goa in 1312. The kingdom’s grip on the region was so weak that it got compelled by 1370 to surrender it to Harihara I of the Vijaynagar Empire.</li>
	<li>After this, the area fell into the hands of the Adil Shahis of Bijapur, who established as their auxiliary capital the city known under the Portuguese as Velha Goa (or Old Goa).</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Shahis" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Shahis.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Portuguese Period:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The beginning of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa started by defeating Bijapur sultan Yusuf Adil Shah with the help of a local ally, Timayya. This lasted for four and a half centuries, until its annexation in 1961.</li>
	<li>A formal tribunal, The Goa Inquisition was established in 1560 and was finally abolished in 1812.</li>
	<li>The Portuguese moved the capital to Panaji from Velha Goa in 1843. Portuguese Goa had expanded by mid-18th century to most of the present-day state limits.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Contemporary World:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>After 1947, India requested that Portuguese territories on the Indian subcontinent be ceded to India. Whereas Portugal refused to negotiate on the sovereignty of its Indian enclaves.</li>
	<li>On 19 December 1961, the Indian Army invaded with Operation Vijay resulting in the annexation of Goa along with Daman and Diu, later it was organised as a centrally administered union territory of India.</li>
	<li>On 30 May 1987, the union territory was split, and Goa was made India’s twenty-fifth state, with Daman and Diu remaining a union territory.</li>
</ul>

Goa is a tiny state in the country of India which is known for silvery beaches, gushing sea waves and natural vegetation. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-709-1">Environment of Goa</h2>

The rugged Western Ghats adds charm to the environment of Goa and makes it an ideal place for many species of birds and animals and also provide a corridor for migration.

<ul>
	<li>Forest cover in Goa stands at 1424 km2, most of which is owned by the government. The government-owned forest is estimated at 1224.38 km2 whilst private is given as 200 km2.</li>
	<li>The magnificent National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries are –</li>
</ul>

<h3>National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries:</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park: This is a 240 sq.km protected area lies in the Western Ghats, located 57 km from Panaji. National Highway 4A divides it into two parts and the Mormugao-Londa railway line passes through the area. It was established in 1978.</li>
	<li>Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary: It was established in 1968 and is located in South Goa district, Goa. There is an eco-tourism complex at the entrance of the sanctuary that houses a nature interpretation centre, cottages, toilets, library, reception area, rescue centre, canteen, children’s park and forest ranger office.</li>
	<li>Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary: This may be the smallest of all the wildlife sanctuaries but is definitely one of the finest due to some of the reasons. The total area of the park is 8 sq.km. A wide variety of animal life can be encountered here, including Sambar deer, Indian bison, etc.</li>
	<li>Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary: This is an estuarine mangrove habitat, which is declared as the bird sanctuary and located on the western tip of the Island of Chorao along the Mandovi River, Goa. The sanctuary is named after Salim Ali, the eminent Indian ornithologist.</li>
	<li>Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary: This is a 208.5 km2 protected area in Western Ghats. The sanctuary is an area of high biodiversity and is being considered to become a Project Tiger Reserve because of the presence of Bengal Tigers.</li>
	<li>Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary: It is located in south-eastern Goa, India. It constitutes one of the vital corridors of the Western Ghats and covers an area of 211 km2. Netravali or Neturli is an important tributary of River Zuari, which originates in the sanctuary.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="BWS" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/BWS.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3>Flora and Fauna of Goa:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Goa is the home to almost 48 types of mammals, 276 types of birds and 60 types of reptiles. There are almost 50 species of mammals.</li>
	<li>Goa has more than 3000 different species of flowering plants not counting the hundreds of varieties of grasses, ferns and brackens. Coconut Palm is the most famous tree, which is in abundance everywhere.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Coconut Palm" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Coconut Palm.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Britannica]

Goa’s economy has witnessed tremendous growth over the last years. This has happened due to the contribution of many sectors. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-709-2">Economy of Goa</h2>

The economy of Goa depends to a very large extent on the tourism sector. The state of Goa gets almost 12% of all the foreign tourists that visit India.

<ul>
	<li>The GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) of Goa at current prices increased at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.83% between 2015-16 and 2019-20.</li>
	<li>Goa’s NSDP (Net State Domestic Product) was Rs. 706.83 billion in 2018-19.</li>
	<li>Industrial Sectors such as mining, tourism, pharmaceuticals drive Goa’s economic growth by their strong performance.</li>
	<li>Goa has the highest GDP per capita among all Indian states, two and a half times that of the country.</li>
	<li>It was ranked the best-placed state by Eleventh Finance Commission for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National Commission on Population based on 12 indicators.</li>
	<li>A second greenfield international airport has been developed in Mopa, Goa known as Manohar International Airport with an annual capacity to handle 4.4 million passengers. It was inaugrated on 11th December 2022 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Manohar Airport" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Manohar Airport.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h2 id="content-id-709-3">Education of Goa</h2>

 Goa is the 4th most literate state in India. The literacy rate is 88.70% which is very high than the national average of 74.04% of which the male literacy is 92.65% and the female literacy is 82.16%. The Directorate of Education deals with the organisation, development and regulation of school education in the state of Goa. As per the report of the University Grants Commission, the quality of higher education in Goa has much room for improvement. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-709-4">Sports of Goa</h2>

Goa is an adventure in itself but it is the water sports in Goa that provide the majority of fun. The land of Sun, Sand and Sea offers a range of thrilling water sports such as Windsurfing, Jet skiing, Speed boats, Scuba Diving, Banana tube boat ride, Knee-and-Wake boarding, River Rafting, Dinghy Sailing and many more.

Now, it’s time to understand Some of the Interesting Facts:

<ul>
	<li>Unique Motorcycle Taxi Services operate in Goa. These taxis are commonly referred to as Pilots.</li>
	<li>The first printing press in India was established in Goa. It was installed at St. Paul’s College in 1556.</li>
	<li>Enshrined in a Glass case at the World-famous Basilica of Bom Church, rests the non-decaying body of St. Xavier. It has been there since 1553-54.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="St. Xavier" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/St. Xavier.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Arvalem Caves, also called Pandava Caves, as it is believed that the Pandavas stayed here during their exile.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Pandava Caves" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Pandava Caves.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Goans who were born before 1961 are registered as Portuguese by birth. This makes them eligible for Portuguese citizenship.</li>
	<li>A native of Goa is called Goan in English, Goenkar in Konkani, Goes or Goesa in Portuguese and Govekar in Marathi.</li>
</ul>

So, this was all about the state of Goa. This much information is enough to make your preparation strong from this state.

Known for its spritzing beaches and might-boggling nightlife,&nbsp;Goa&nbsp;has long rolls of history wrapped in its time-worn monuments and tropical spices of Southern and Portuguese cuisines. The history, environment, and economy of Goa are rich and have resulted in multi-cultural aesthetics. It has gone through continual transformations which have left an imperishable impact on its socio-economic developments.

Do you know which state has&nbsp;Dudhsagar Falls? Which state has the highest&nbsp;GDP&nbsp;per capita among all Indian states?

Now, let us start with the very first feature i.e. &ndash;

<h2>HISTORY&nbsp;Goa General knowledge Notes</h2>

Goa has a long history of rulers dating back to the 3rd&nbsp;century B.C. when it was a part of the Mauryan Empire. The Portuguese came in 1498 and were the first Europeans to set foot in India.

<h3>Pre-History and Early History&nbsp;&ndash;</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The rock art engravings found in Goa exhibit the earliest traces of human life in India.</li>
	<li>Goa was part of the Mauryan Empire in the 3rd&nbsp;century ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of Magadha. Buddhist monks laid the foundation of Buddhism in Goa.</li>
	<li>The rule later passed to the Chalukyas of Badami, who controlled it between 578 and 753, and later the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed from 753 to 963.</li>
	<li>The Delhi Sultanate ruled Goa in 1312. The kingdom&rsquo;s grip on the region was so weak that it got compelled by 1370 to surrender it to Harihara I of the Vijaynagar Empire.</li>
	<li>After this, the area fell into the hands of the Adil Shahis of Bijapur, who established as their auxiliary capital the city known under the Portuguese as Velha Goa (or Old Goa).</li>
</ul>

<h3>Portuguese Period&nbsp;&ndash;</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The beginning of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa started by defeating Bijapur sultan Yusuf Adil Shah with the help of a local ally, Timayya. This lasted for four and a half centuries, until its annexation in 1961.</li>
	<li>A formal tribunal, The Goa Inquisition was established in 1560 and was finally abolished in 1812.</li>
	<li>The Portuguese moved the capital to Panaji from&nbsp;Velha Goa&nbsp;in 1843. Portuguese Goa had expanded by mid-18th&nbsp;century to most of the present-day state limits.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Contemporary World&nbsp;&ndash;</h3>

<ul>
	<li>After 1947, India requested that Portuguese territories on the Indian subcontinent be ceded to India. Whereas Portugal refused to negotiate on the sovereignty of its Indian enclaves.</li>
	<li>On 19 December 1961, the Indian Army invaded with Operation Vijay resulting in the annexation of Goa along with Daman and Diu, later it was organised as a centrally administered union territory of India.</li>
	<li>On&nbsp;30 May 1987, the union territory was split, and Goa was made&nbsp;India&rsquo;s twenty-fifth state, with Daman and Diu remaining a union territory.</li>
</ul>

Goa is a tiny state in the country of India which is known for silvery beaches, gushing sea waves and natural vegetation.

<h2>ENVIRONMENT&nbsp;Goa General knowledge Notes</h2>

The rugged Western Ghats adds charm to the environment of Goa and makes it an ideal place for many species of birds and animals and also provide a corridor for migration.

<ul>
	<li>Forest cover in Goa stands at&nbsp;1424 km2,&nbsp;most of which is owned by the government. The government-owned forest is estimated at 1224.38 km2&nbsp;whilst private is given as 200 km2.</li>
	<li>The magnificent National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries are &ndash;</li>
</ul>

<h3>National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park&nbsp;&ndash; This is a 240 sq.km protected area lies&nbsp;in the Western Ghats, located 57 km from Panaji. National Highway 4A divides it into two parts and the Mormugao-Londa railway line passes through the area. It was established in 1978.</li>
	<li>Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary&nbsp;&ndash; It was established in 1968 and is located in South Goa district, Goa. There is an eco-tourism complex at the entrance of the sanctuary that houses a nature interpretation centre, cottages, toilets, library, reception area, rescue centre, canteen, children&rsquo;s park and forest ranger office.</li>
	<li>Bondia Wildlife Sanctuary&nbsp;&ndash; This may be the smallest of all the wildlife sanctuaries but is definitely one of the finest due to some of the reasons. The total area of the park is 8 sq.km. A wide variety of animal life can be encountered here, including Sambar deer, Indian bison, etc.</li>
	<li>Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary &ndash;&nbsp;This is an estuarine mangrove habitat, which is declared as the bird sanctuary and located on the western tip of the Island of Chorao along the Mandovi River, Goa. The sanctuary is named after Salim Ali, the eminent Indian ornithologist.</li>
	<li>Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary &ndash;&nbsp;This is a 208.5 km2&nbsp;protected area in Western Ghats. The sanctuary is an area of high biodiversity and is being considered to become a Project Tiger Reserve because of the presence of Bengal Tigers.</li>
	<li>Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary &ndash;&nbsp;It is located in south-eastern Goa, India. It constitutes one of the vital corridors of the Western Ghats and covers an area of 211 km2. Netravali or Neturli is an important tributary of River Zuari, which originates in the sanctuary.</li>
</ol>

<h2>Flora and Fauna of Goa</h2>

<ul>
	<li>Goa is the home to almost 48 types of mammals, 276 types of birds and 60 types of reptiles. There are almost 50 species of mammals.</li>
	<li>Goa has more than 3000 different species of flowering plants not counting the hundreds of varieties of grasses, ferns and brackens.&nbsp;Coconut Palm&nbsp;is the most famous tree, which is in abundance everywhere.</li>
</ul>

Goa&rsquo;s economy has witnessed tremendous growth over the last years. This has happened due to the contribution of many sectors.

<h2>ECONOMY&nbsp;of Goa</h2>

The economy of Goa depends to a very large extent on the tourism sector. The state of Goa gets almost&nbsp;12%&nbsp;of all the foreign tourists that visit India.

<ul>
	<li>The&nbsp;GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product)&nbsp;of Goa at current prices increased at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.83% between 2015-16 and 2019-20.</li>
	<li>Goa&rsquo;s NSDP (Net State Domestic Product)&nbsp;was Rs. 706.83 billion in 2018-19.</li>
	<li>Industrial Sectors such as mining, tourism, pharmaceuticals drive Goa&rsquo;s economic growth by their strong performance.</li>
	<li>Goa has the highest GDP per capita among all Indian states,&nbsp;two and a half times that of the country.</li>
	<li>It was ranked the best-placed state by&nbsp;Eleventh Finance Commission&nbsp;for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National Commission on Population based on 12 indicators.</li>
	<li>A second greenfield international airport is being developed in&nbsp;Mopa, Goa with an annual capacity to handle 30 million passengers by phase IV. The first phase of the airport is expected to start by September 2020.</li>
</ul>

<h2>EDUCATION&nbsp;of Goa</h2>

&nbsp;Goa is the&nbsp;4th&nbsp;most literate state in India. The literacy rate is&nbsp;88.70%&nbsp;which is very high than the national average of 74.04% of which the male literacy is 92.65% and the female literacy is 82.16%. The Directorate of Education deals with the organisation, development and regulation of school education in the state of Goa. As per the report of the University Grants Commission, the quality of higher education in Goa has much room for improvement.

<h2>SPORTS&nbsp;of Goa</h2>

Goa is an adventure in itself but it is the water sports in Goa that provide the majority of fun. The land of Sun, Sand and Sea offers a range of thrilling water sports such as Windsurfing, Jet skiing, Speed boats, Scuba Diving, Banana tube boat ride, Knee-and-Wake boarding, River Rafting, Dinghy Sailing and many more.

Now, it&rsquo;s time to understand&nbsp;Some of the Interesting Facts&nbsp;&ndash;

<ul>
	<li>Unique Motorcycle Taxi Services&nbsp;operate in Goa. These taxis are commonly referred to as Pilots.</li>
	<li>The first printing press in India was established in Goa. It was installed at&nbsp;St. Paul&rsquo;s College&nbsp;in 1556.</li>
	<li>Enshrined in a Glass case at the World-famous Basilica of Bom Church, rests the non-decaying body of&nbsp;St. Xavier. It has been there since 1553-54.</li>
	<li>Arvalem Caves, also called&nbsp;Pandava Caves, as it is believed that the Pandavas stayed here during their exile.</li>
	<li>Goans who were born before 1961 are registered as Portuguese by birth. This makes them eligible for&nbsp;Portuguese citizenship.</li>
	<li>A native of Goa is called&nbsp;Goan&nbsp;in English,&nbsp;Goenkar&nbsp;in Konkani,&nbsp;Goes or Goesa&nbsp;in Portuguese and&nbsp;Govekar&nbsp;in Marathi.</li>
</ul>

So, this was all about the state of Goa. This much information is enough to make your preparation strong from this state.

Interesting Facts about Goa - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your State Goa – History of GOA, Education, Sports Notes (Part 2)

We are intending that you all guys are enlightened about the state which is known as the Entertainment Capital of India. The state is called the land of scholars, saints and actors. Maharashtra is a land full of untouched, unsullied and unlimited fascinations. Maharashtra is a state best described as a land of beaches, mountains and wonderful food. In this article, we’ll dive deep into the amazing and marvellous aspects of Maharashtra.

Which state in India has the largest road network in the country? In which state is The Mysterious Lonar Lake situated? Which state has the second largest slum in Asia?

Let’s start exploring the state by answering the above quiz along with some more breathtaking facts about Maharashtra. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-710-0">State Symbols of Maharashtra</h2>

Maharashtra was formed on 1 May 1960 by splitting into majority Marathi-speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati-speaking Gujarat, respectively. Maharashtra is one of the most developed and prosperous Indian states. The term MAHARASHTRA derives from the word Maha means “great” and Rashtra means “nation/dominion”. Maharashtra has a richly diverse culture and heritage. It has its own identity in India for its festivals, great monuments and numerous old temples.

Before digging deep into the state, let’s take a glance at the State Symbols.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Mumbai</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Marathi</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Jarul</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Mango Tree</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Indian Giant Squirrel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Yellow-footed Green Pigeon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Lavani</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor(Present)</td>
			<td>Ramesh Bais</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister(Present)</td>
			<td>Eknath Shinde</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

 Let’s start with the utmost aspect i.e., social, cultural and traditional attributes of Maharashtra. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-710-1">Culture of Maharashtra </h2>

Maharashtra is the third largest state of India. Maharashtra is famous for its unique customs and practices. Some parts of Maharashtra are developed while others are still developing, but the thoughts of all the people are united. It is no secret that the people of Maharashtra take pride in their diverse culture, after all, Marathi culture is definitely special. People of the state celebrate all major festivals irrespective of their religion and honestly, that just shows the unity and brotherhood among them.

<ul>
	<li>It has a long history of Marathi saints of Varakari religious movement, such as Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Chokhamela, Eknath and Tukaram which form one of bases of the culture of Maharashtra or Marathi culture.</li>
	<li>The folk music and dances of Maharashtra are Lavani dance, Koli, Powada and Banjara Holi dance. Lavani is a genre of music popular in Maharashtra. It is a combination of traditional song and dance, which is particularly performed to the beats of Dholki, a percussion instrument. Lavani is noted for its powerful rhythm.</li>
	<li>The Food of Maharashtra is from sweet to mildly spicy to too spicy. Some of the dishes like vada pav, pav bhaji, misal pav and puran poli have become famous throughout the world. Shrikhand is a popular dish that is said to be originated in Maharashtra.</li>
	<li>There are many significant monuments in Maharashtra like Bibi ka Maqbara, Ajanta Ellora caves, Gateway of India which are influenced by different architectural styles. In Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, the majority of the architecture is influenced by the British style of architecture which is seen in Gateway of India and Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Ajanta Caves" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Ajanta Caves.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Maharashtra is famous for its Caves and rock-cut architecture as in Ajanta Ellora Caves that is one of the UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. Some of the temples such as Trimbakeshwar in Nashik, Bhimashankar Temple in Pune, etc in Maharashtra are over 1000 years old.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Bhimashankar Temple" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Bhimashankar Temple.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>The official language of Maharashtra is Marathi. Cities in Maharashtra are Metropolitan and are a blend of many cultures and use English as their official language. Most of the people in Maharashtra are multilingual and usually speak both Marathi and Hindi.</li>
	<li>Some festivals like Nag Panchami, Ganesh Chathurthi, Gokul Ashtami, Makar Sankranti, Gudi Padwa, Bhau Beej, Ellora Festival Narali Pournima and Shivaji Jayanti have originated in Maharashtra.</li>
	<li>The artificers of the state are very meticulous and intricate in their work. Mashru and Himroo, made from cotton and silk, are famous in Aurangabad, Maharashtra.</li>
	<li> The Kolhapuri Chappal from Kolhapur is known for their simple style, durability, quality of the leather and its design.</li>
	<li>Mumbai is known as the “City of Dreams” or “Mayanagri”. Many people from other states have flocked to Maharashtra especially to Mumbai due to the wide array of career opportunities.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra has very well adapted to the Bollywood industry. Many famous actors and actresses like Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Priyanka Chopra, Kareena Kapoor and Deepika Padukone, reside in this state. Hindi (Bollywood), English and Marathi films are a great hit among the viewers.</li>
</ul>

Let’s jump to the next aspects of the Maharashtra i.e. Geography 
 

<h2 id="content-id-710-2">Geography of Maharashtra </h2>

Maharashtra is a state in the western sea coastline of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Its shape roughly resembles a triangle, with the western coastline forming the base and its interior narrowing to a blunt apex to the east. Maharashtra is the third-largest state by area and the second-most populous state in India.

<ul>
	<li>Total Area: 307,713km2</li>
</ul>

  Area Rank in India: 3rd

<ul>
	<li>Total Population: 112,374,333</li>
</ul>

  Population Rank in India: 2nd

 Latitude extension: 13° N to 20.5° N 

 Longitudinal extension: 70° E to 80.5° E

<ul>
	<li>Maharashtra is bounded by the Indian states of Gujarat to the northwest, Madhya Pradesh to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, Telangana to the southeast, Karnataka to the south, and Goa to the southwest and by the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and the Arabian Sea to the west.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra’s capital, Mumbai is an island city on the western coast, connected to the mainland by roads and railways. Maharashtra has the largest road network in India with a total road length of over 2, 67,500 km.</li>
	<li>Forests comprise 17% of the total area of the state. Forests cover less than one-fifth of the state and are confined to the Western Ghats, mainly their transverse ranges, the Satpura Range in the north, and the Chandrapur region in the east.</li>
	<li> On the coast and adjoining slopes, plant forms are rich with lofty trees, variegated shrubs, and mango and coconut trees. The forests yield teak, bamboo, myrobalan for dyeing, and other woods.</li>
	<li> Maharashtra has 36 districts, 355 talukas, 535 cities, 63,663 villages, 6 administrative divisions.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra is divided into five geographic regions.</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li> Konkan – (Konkan Division)</li>
	<li>Paschim Maharashtra better known as Desh – (Pune Division)</li>
	<li>Khandesh – (Nashik Division)</li>
	<li>Marathwada – (Aurangabad Division)</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The Godavari and the Krishna are the two major rivers in the state. The other main rivers of the state are Bhima, Tapi-Purna and Wardha-Wainganga. Since the central part of the state receives low rainfall, most of the rivers in the region have multiple dams. Maharashtra has around 1821 notable large dams.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Krishna River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Krishna River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h2 id="content-id-710-3">Climate of Maharashtra </h2>

The climate is subtropical to tropical and characteristically wet-dry with local variations. Four seasons are normal in this state:

<ol>
	<li>March–May (hot and dry)</li>
	<li>June–September (hot and wet)</li>
	<li>October–November (warm and dry)</li>
	<li>December–February (cool and dry)</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The coastal regions enjoy equal temperatures; monthly average temperature at Mumbai is in the low 80° F (about 27–28 °C).</li>
	<li> Pune is situated higher up on the plateau; experiences cool temperatures throughout the year. In the interior, average summer temperatures reach into the low 100° F (about 38–41 °C), and winter temperatures average in the low 70s F (about 21–23 °C). 
	 </li>
</ul>

<h2 id="content-id-710-4">Soil type of Maharashtra</h2>

The soil status of Maharashtra is residual, derived from the underlying basalts. In the semi-dry plateau, the regur (black-cotton soil) is clayey, rich in iron and moisture-retentive, though poor in nitrogen and organic matter. The important soil types found in the basin are black soils, red soils, laterite and lateritic soils, alluvium, mixed soils, red and black soils and saline and alkaline soils.

Let’s discuss the Government and Politics of Maharashtra. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-710-5">Government and Politics of Maharashtra </h2>

The Government in the state of Maharashtra is organized on the parliamentary system with a bicameral legislature consisting of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and the Maharashtra Legislative Council. There are national and regional parties in the state, serving different demographics, such as those based on religion, caste, urban and rural residents. The politics of the state are dominated by the numerically strong Maratha–Kunbi community.

<ul>
	<li>The governor is aided and advised by the Council of Ministers which is led by a chief minister and is responsible for the legislature, which consists of two houses: the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly. Both bodies meet for regular sessions in Mumbai and once annually in Nagpur.</li>
	<li>Executive authority in the state is exercised by the cabinet, headed by the chief minister.</li>
	<li>The judiciary of the High Court headed by the chief justice and a panel of judges is situated in Mumbai. The branches of the court are also at Nagpur and Aurangabad.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra comprises three conventional regions: Western Maharashtra, Vidarbha, and Marathwada. Power is devolved to large city councils, district councils (Zila Parishad), sub-district (Taluka) councils, and the village parish councils (Gram panchayat).</li>
</ul>

<h3>Representation of Maharashtra in Parliament:</h3>

Assembly seats (bicameral): 288

Rajya Sabha: 19

Lok Sabha: 48

First Governor of Maharashtra: Raja Sir Maharaj Singh

First Chief Minister of Maharashtra: Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan 

<img alt="Y.B. Chavan" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Y.B. Chavan.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Britannica] 
 

<h2 id="content-id-710-6">Some Interesting Facts about Maharashtra</h2>

<ul>
	<li>The mysterious Lonar lake is the only saline soda lake on earth that was created when a meteor hit the earth almost 52,000 years ago.</li>
	<li>The railway station of Navapur is built in two states: half is in Maharashtra and the other half is in Gujarat.</li>
	<li>India’s entire gold assets are kept in the Reserve Bank of India at Nagpur.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Nagpur RBI" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Nagpur RBI.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>It is believed that Badminton was invented in Pune, Maharashtra during British rule.</li>
	<li>The First train in Asia was started in Maharashtra from Mumbai to Thane on 16 April 1853.</li>
	<li>Dharavi is the second largest slum in Asia and is also considered as the most densely populated area on earth. 
	 </li>
</ul>

Hope this blog made most of your facts clear about one of the most developed states of India, Maharashtra. In our next blog, we will be studying about the other important aspects of Maharashtra.

In which state of India the largest planned city of the world is situated? Which city is called the City of Gates in India? Which state has the largest proportion of taxpayers in India?

In the next blog, the facets correlated with these questions will be answered certainly. If you don’t want to miss it, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-maharashtra-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Maharashtra - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>’ – Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your competitive exams such as SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA, etc.

Thank You

We are intending that you all guys are enlightened about&nbsp;the state which is known as the Entertainment Capital of India. The state is called the land of scholars, saints and actors.&nbsp;Maharashtra&nbsp;is a land full of untouched, unsullied and unlimited fascinations. Maharashtra is a state best described as a land of beaches, mountains and wonderful food. In this article, we&rsquo;ll dive deep into the amazing and marvellous aspects of Maharashtra.

Which state in India has&nbsp;the largest road network in the country? In which state&nbsp;The Mysterious Lonar Lake&nbsp;situated? Which state has&nbsp;the second largest&nbsp;slum in Asia?

Let&rsquo;s start exploring the state by answering the above quiz along with some more breathtaking facts about Maharashtra.

<h2>STATE SYMBOLS OF MAHARASHTRA Maharashtra GK Notes:</h2>

Maharashtra&nbsp;was formed&nbsp;on 1 May 1960&nbsp;by splitting into majority Marathi-speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati-speaking Gujarat, respectively. Maharashtra is one of the most developed and prosperous Indian states. The term&nbsp;MAHARASHTRA&nbsp;derives from the word&nbsp;Maha&nbsp;means &ldquo;great&rdquo; and&nbsp;Rashtra&nbsp;means &ldquo;nation/dominion&rdquo;. Maharashtra&nbsp;has a richly diverse&nbsp;culture&nbsp;and heritage. It has its own identity in India for its festival, great monuments and numerous old temples.

Before digging deep into the state, let&rsquo;s take a glance at the&nbsp;State Symbols.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Mumbai</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Jarul</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Mango Tree</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Indian Gaint Squirrel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Yellow-footed Green Pigeon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Lavani</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor(PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Ramesh Bais</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister(PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Eknath Shinde</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

&nbsp;Let&rsquo;s start with the utmost aspect i.e., social, cultural and traditional attributes of Maharashtra.

<h2>CULTURE&nbsp;Maharashtra GK Notes:</h2>

Maharashtra is the third largest state of&nbsp;India. Maharashtra is famous for its unique customs and practices. Some parts of Maharashtra are developed while others are still developing, but the thoughts of all the people are united. It is no secret that the people of Maharashtra take pride in their diverse culture, after all, Marathi culture is definitely special. People of the state celebrate all major festivals irrespective of their religion and honestly, that just shows the unity and brotherhood among them.

<ul>
	<li>It has a long history of Marathi saints of Varakari religious movement, such as&nbsp;Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Chokhamela, Eknath and Tukaram&nbsp;which forms one of&nbsp;bases&nbsp;of the culture of Maharashtra or Marathi culture.</li>
	<li>The folk music and dances of Maharashtra are&nbsp;Lavani&nbsp;dance, Koli, Powada and Banjara Holi&nbsp;dance.&nbsp;Lavani&nbsp;is a genre of music popular in Maharashtra.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is a combination of traditional song and dance, which particularly performed to the beats of Dholki, a percussion instrument.&nbsp;Lavani&nbsp;is noted for its powerful rhythm.</li>
	<li>The Food of Maharashtra is from sweet to mildly spicy to spicy. Some of the dishes like&nbsp;vada pav, pav bhaji, missal pav and pooran pori&nbsp;have become famous throughout the world.&nbsp;Shrikhand&nbsp;is a popular dish that is said to be originated in Maharashtra.</li>
	<li>There are many significant monuments in Maharashtra like&nbsp;Bibi ka Maqbara, Ajanta Ellora caves, Gateway of India&nbsp;which are influenced by different architectural styles. In Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, the majority of the architecture is influenced by the&nbsp;British style of architecture&nbsp;which is seen in Gateway of India and Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra is famous for its Caves and rock-cut architecture as in&nbsp;Ajanta Ellora Caves&nbsp;that is one of the&nbsp;UNESCO as World Heritage Site. Some of the temples such as&nbsp;Trimbakeshwar in Nashik, Bhimashankar Temple in Pune,&nbsp;etc in Maharashtra are over 1000 years old.</li>
	<li>The official language of Maharashtra is&nbsp;Marathi. Cities in Maharashtra are Metropolitan and are a blend of many cultures and use English as their official language. Most of the people in Maharashtra are multilingual and usually speak both Marathi and Hindi.</li>
	<li>Some festivals like&nbsp;Nag Panchami, Ganesh Chathurthi, Gokul Ashtami, Makar Sankranti, Gudi Padwa, Bhau Beej, Ellora Festival Narali Pournima and Shivaji Jayanti&nbsp;have originated in Maharashtra.</li>
	<li>The artificers of the state are very meticulous and intricate in their work.&nbsp;Mashroo&nbsp;and&nbsp;Himroo, made from cotton and silk famous in Aurangabad, Maharashtra.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;The&nbsp;Kolhapuri Chappal&nbsp;from Kolhapur is known for their simple style, durability, quality of the leather and its design.</li>
	<li>Mumbai is known as the &ldquo;City of Dreams&rdquo; or &ldquo;Mayanagri&rdquo;. Many people from other states have flocked to Maharashtra especially to Mumbai due to the wide array of career opportunities.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra has very well adapted to the Bollywood industry. Many famous actors and actresses like&nbsp;Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Priyanka Chopra, Kareena Kapoor and Deepika Padukone, reside in this state. Hindi (Bollywood), English and Marathi films are a great hit among the viewers.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s jump to the next aspects of the Maharashtra i.e. Geography

<h2>GEOGRAPHY Maharashtra GK Notes:</h2>

Maharashtra is a state in the western sea coastline of India occupying a substantial portion of the&nbsp;Deccan Plateau. Its shape roughly resembles a triangle, with the western coastline forming the base and its interior narrowing to a blunt apex to the east. Maharashtra is the&nbsp;third-largest state by area&nbsp;and the&nbsp;second-most populous state&nbsp;in India.

<ul>
	<li>Total Area: 307,713km2</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Area Rank in India: 3rd

<ul>
	<li>Total Population: 112,374,333</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Population Rank in India: 2nd

Latitude extension:&nbsp;13&deg; N to 20.5&deg; N &nbsp;&nbsp;

Longitudinal extension:&nbsp;70&deg; E to 80.5&deg; E

<ul>
	<li>Maharashtra is bounded by the Indian states of&nbsp;Gujarat&nbsp;to the northwest,&nbsp;Madhya Pradesh&nbsp;to the north,&nbsp;Chhattisgarh&nbsp;to the east,&nbsp;Telangana&nbsp;to the southeast,&nbsp;Karnataka&nbsp;to the south, and&nbsp;Goa&nbsp;to the southwest and by the union territory of&nbsp;Dadra and Nagar Haveli&nbsp;and the&nbsp;Arabian Sea&nbsp;to the west.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra&rsquo;s capital,&nbsp;Mumbai is an island city on the western coast, connected to the mainland by roads and railways.&nbsp;Maharashtra has the largest road network in India with a total road length of over 2, 67,500 km.</li>
	<li>Forests comprise&nbsp;17%&nbsp;of the total area of the state. Forests cover&nbsp;less than one-fifth of the state&nbsp;and are confined to the Western Ghats, mainly their transverse ranges, the&nbsp;Satpura Range&nbsp;in the north, and the&nbsp;Chandrapur&nbsp;region in the east.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;On the coast and adjoining slopes, plant forms are rich with&nbsp;lofty trees, variegated shrubs, and&nbsp;mango&nbsp;and coconut trees. The forests yield&nbsp;teak, bamboo, myrobalan for dyeing, and other woods.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Maharashtra has 36 districts, 355 talukas, 535 cities, 63,663 villages, 6 administrative divisions.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra is divided into five geographic regions.</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>&nbsp;Konkan &ndash; (Konkan Division)</li>
	<li>Paschim Maharashtra better known as Desh &ndash; (Pune Division)</li>
	<li>Khandesh&nbsp;&ndash; (Nashik Division)</li>
	<li>Marathwada &ndash; (Aurangabad Division)</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The&nbsp;Godavari&nbsp;and the&nbsp;Krishna&nbsp;are the two major rivers in the state.&nbsp;The other main rivers of the state are Bhima, Tapi-Purna&nbsp;and&nbsp;Wardha-Wainganga. Since the central part of the state receives low rainfall, most of the rivers in the region have multiple dams. Maharashtra has around&nbsp;1821 notable large&nbsp;dams.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Climate Maharashtra GK Notes:</h2>

The climate is subtropical to tropical and characteristically&nbsp;wet-dry with local variations. Four seasons are normal in this state:

<ol>
	<li>March&ndash;May (hot and dry)</li>
	<li>June&ndash;September (hot and wet)</li>
	<li>October&ndash;November (warm and dry)</li>
	<li>December&ndash;February (cool and dry)</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>The coastal regions enjoy equable temperatures; monthly average temperature at Mumbai is in the low 80&deg; F (about 27&ndash;28 &deg;C).</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Pune is&nbsp;situated higher up on the plateau; experiences cool temperatures throughout the year. In the interior, average summer temperatures reach into the low 100&deg; F (about 38&ndash;41 &deg;C), and winter temperatures average in the low 70s F (about 21&ndash;23 &deg;C).</li>
</ul>

<h2>Soil type:</h2>

The&nbsp;soil&nbsp;status of&nbsp;Maharashtra&nbsp;is residual, derived from the underlying basalts. In the semi-dry plateau, the regur (black-cotton&nbsp;soil) is clayey, rich in iron and moisture-retentive, though poor in nitrogen and organic matter. The important soil types found in the basin&nbsp;are black soils,&nbsp;red soils,&nbsp;laterite&nbsp;and lateritic soils, alluvium, mixed soils, red and black soils and&nbsp;saline&nbsp;and&nbsp;alkaline soils.

Let&rsquo;s discuss the Government and Politics of Maharashtra.

<h2>GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Maharashtra GK Notes:</h2>

The Government in the state of Maharashtra is organized on the&nbsp;parliamentary system with&nbsp;a&nbsp;bicameral legislature&nbsp;consisting of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Maharashtra Legislative Assembly&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;Maharashtra Legislative Council.&nbsp;There are national and regional parties in the state, serving different demographics, such as those based on religion, caste, urban and rural residents. The politics of the state are dominated by the numerically&nbsp;strong&nbsp;Maratha&ndash;Kunbi&nbsp;community.

<ul>
	<li>The governor is aided and advised by the Council of Ministers which is led by a chief minister and is responsible for the legislature, which consists of two houses: the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly. Both bodies meet for regular sessions in&nbsp;Mumbai&nbsp;and once annually in&nbsp;Nagpur.</li>
	<li>Executive authority in the state is exercised by the cabinet, headed by the chief minister.</li>
	<li>The judiciary of the High Court headed by the chief&nbsp;justice&nbsp;and a panel of judges is situated in&nbsp;Mumbai. The branches of the court are also at&nbsp;Nagpur&nbsp;and&nbsp;Aurangabad.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra&nbsp;comprises&nbsp;three conventional regions:&nbsp;Western Maharashtra, Vidarbha, and Marathwada. Power is devolved to large city councils, district councils (Zila Parishad), sub-district (Taluka) councils, and the village parish councils (Gram panchayat).</li>
</ul>

<h3>Representation of Maharashtra in Parliament:</h3>

Assembly seats (bicameral):&nbsp;288

Rajya Sabha:&nbsp;19

Lok Sabha:&nbsp;48

First Governor of Maharashtra: Raja Sir Maharaj Singh

First Chief Minister of Maharashtra:&nbsp;Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan&nbsp;

<h2>SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT MAHARASHTRA:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>The&nbsp;mysterious lonar lake&nbsp;is the only saline soda lake on earth that was created when a meteor that hit the earth almost 52,000 years ago.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;railway station of Navapur&nbsp;is built in two states: half is in Maharashtra and the other half is in Gujarat.</li>
	<li>India&rsquo;s entire gold assets are kept in the&nbsp;Reserve Bank of India at Nagpur.</li>
	<li>It is believed that Badminton was invented in Pune, Maharashtra during British rule.</li>
	<li>The First train in Asia&nbsp;was started in Maharashtra from Mumbai to Thane on 16 April 1853.</li>
	<li>Dharavi&nbsp;is the second largest slum in Asia and is also considered as the most densely populated area on earth.</li>
</ul>

<h2>CONCLUSION</h2>

Hope this blog made most of your facts clear about one of the most developed states of India, Maharashtra. In our next blog, we will be studying about the other important aspects of Maharashtra.

In which state of India&nbsp;the largest planned city of the world&nbsp;is situated? Which city is called as&nbsp;City of Gates&nbsp;in India? Which state has the&nbsp;largest proportion of taxpayers&nbsp;in India?

In the next blog, the facets correlated with these questions will be answered certainly. If you don&rsquo;t want to miss it, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Maharashtra&rsquo; &ndash; Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your competitive exams such&nbsp;SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA,&nbsp;etc.

Thank You

Interesting Facts about Maharashtra - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Know Your State Maharashtra – Maharashtra GK Notes (Part 1)

In our antecedent blog, we had a detailed deliberation about the social and cultural, geographical and political traits of Maharashtra. If you haven’t read that already, click here – 'Interesting Facts about Maharashtra - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes’ – Part 1. Now in this blog, we will study about the history, environment and economy of the state.

Which state capital is India’s biggest financial and commercial capital? Do you know the state that has the largest economy in India? Where is the ‘Wine Capital of India’?

Maharashtra is the most urban state in India. It’s home to some of the most developed cities of India, such as Mumbai, Pune, Nasik, Nagpur, etc. Maharashtra is the financial, commercial and entertainment hub of India situated in the western region of India.

Let’s talk about the olden forgotten days of Maharashtra. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-712-0">History of Maharashtra </h2>

The history of Maharashtra is quite rich as some of the great rulers and kings have ruled this region. All of them have left their indelible mark on the land. The great state has glorious historical events which can be traced back to the 3rd century BC. The tincture of the past has made the present equally bright.

<h3>Early History:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>During the early period of 8th century, the present-day state of Maharashtra was divided between several Hindu kingdoms: Satavahana, Vakataka, Kalacuri, Rashtrakuta, Chalukya, and Yadava.</li>
	<li>A succession of Muslim dynasties ruled after 1307. By the mid-16th century, Maharashtra was again fragmented by Muslim rulers who fought with each other limitlessly.</li>
	<li>It was in the midst of that chaos that the great leader ‘Shivaji’ was born in 1627. Shivaji showed astonishing prowess by founding a large Maratha empire that shook Delhi-based Mughal rule to its foundations.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Shivaji" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Shivaji.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Jagran Josh]

<ul>
	<li> The Peshwa Dynasty took the Maratha Kingdom to new heights of glory during their reign from 1712 to 1804.</li>
	<li>The Maratha Kingdom had to face a crumbling defeat by the hands of Ahmad Shah Abdali in the Third Battle of Panipat in the year 1761. The defeat reduced the power of the Maratha kingdom and confined it regionally.</li>
</ul>

<h3>British Rule:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The British rule in the state of Maharashtra was established only after the three Anglo-Maratha Wars.</li>
	<li> At that time the Mughal power had already crumbled. Therefore, the fall of the Maratha power at the hands of the British marked the beginning of British rule in India.</li>
	<li> Britain gained control of Bombay Island in 1661, and from the early 19th century onward the Marathas gradually succumbed to British expansion on the mainland. </li>
	<li>The region was governed by the Bombay Presidency which included most parts of northern Deccan.</li>
	<li> The princely states in the region included the modern cities of Nagpur, Satara and Kolhapur which accepted the British supremacy in return of maintaining local autonomy.</li>
	<li>In 20th century, the struggle for independence took shape which was led by radical nationalist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the moderates like Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Pherozeshah Mehta and Shahu, Raja of Kolhapur, Dadabhai Naoroji, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Jyotirao Phule, all these social reformers who were all born in this region.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Bal Gangadhar Tilak" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Bal Gangadhar Tilak.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Jagran Josh]

<ul>
	<li>The warning to the Britishers during the Quit India Movement was given in Mumbai and reached a climax in the transfer of power and independence in 1947.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Post-independence:</h3>

After India gained its independence in 1947; the province became Bombay state (1950). Maharashtra went through a number of political changes. Several former princely states subsequently were merged into the new state. The modern state of Maharashtra came into existence in 1960, under the Bombay Reorganization Act in which the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat were legally given the status of separate states based on linguistic differences. The modern history of Maharashtra includes the period from the attainment of independence to the final separation of the states.

Now next we will scrutinize the environmental status of the state.

<h2 id="content-id-712-1">Environment of Maharashtra</h2>

Maharashtra is an integral part of India. Maharashtra is a very popular place on the map of India and boasts of great culture in travel and tourism fields. The state is blessed with unique flora and fauna due to its location. The Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea make this place an abode for biodiversity.

<h3>Water Bodies:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Out of the five major rivers in India, three flow through the state of Maharashtra namely: Godavari, Krishna and Tapti. These rivers form river basins in the regions towards which they drain and cover the maximum fertile of the state.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Tapti River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Tapti River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Godavari is considered a holy river originating in Trimbakeshwar in Nashik and it flows south-east across the Deccan Plateau. It is also called the Dakshina Ganga. The main tributaries of the river are- Indravati River, Wardha-Wainganga Rivers, Manjira River, KInnerasani River, Pranahita River, Parvara River, Purna River etc.</li>
	<li>Krishna River is one of the longest rivers in the country covers 8% of the total geographical area of India. The origin of this river is at Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra has a number of lakes. Out of all the cities in the state which are famous for the lakes, Thane stands out. The city has been named the ‘city of lakes’ having a reservoir of 30 lakes.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Dams:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>There are around 1821 notable large dam and reservoirs in Maharashtra, some of the most famous dams are Khadakwasla Dam, Mulsi Dam, Panshet Dam, Radhanagari Dam, Wilson Dam, Ujjani Dam, Koyna Dam etc.</li>
	<li>The Jayakwadi Dam is one of the largest Dam of Maharashtra, situated in Jayakwadi village of Aurangabad. Jayakwadi project is used mainly to irrigate agricultural land of drought-prone regions of Maharashtra and the surrounding area has a garden known as Dnyaneshwar Udyan, one of the largest gardens built in the state and a bird sanctuary which is home for many species of resident and migrant birds.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Jayakwadi Dam" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Jayakwadi Dam.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>The Rubble-concrete Koyna Dam built on the Koyna River, Satara district in the Western Ghats of India. It is the largest dam in Maharashtra with a total installed capacity of 1,920 MW.</li>
	<li>The Ujjani Dam is also known as Bhima Dam as it is built over the Bhima River, located near Ujjani village in Solapur and Bhima River is a tributary of the Krishna River. Ujjani Dam and its large water reservoir, known as the Bhadalwadi Lake or Bhigwan Bird Sanctuary is one of the largest wetlands in India and protected under the Ramsar Convention site.</li>
</ul>

<h3>National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Maharashtra has five National Parks namely well-known Tiger haunts of Tadoba, Gugamal and Pench, Navegaon & Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Mumbai metropolis. Out of these, Tadoba, Gugalmal and Pench are part of three Tiger reserves declared in Maharashtra.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra state is home to many rare species of flora and fauna in 41 wildlife sanctuary. Wildlife safari in important sanctuaries of Maharashtra includes Bharmragarh Sanctuary, Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary, Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary, Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnala Bird Sanctuary and Bhigwan Bird Sanctuary.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Bhigwan Bird Sanctuary" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Bhigwan Bird Sanctuary.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Let’s shift to the last aspect i.e. economic stability of the state. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-712-2">Economy of Maharashtra</h2>

Maharashtra is the most industrialised state in India. The state capital of Maharashtra, Mumbai is India’s biggest financial and commercial capital of India. The state has played a significant role in the country’s social and political life and widely considered as a leader in terms of agricultural and industrial production, trade and transport, and education. Maharashtra is one of the most developed and prosperous Indian states and continues to be the single largest contributor to the national economy with a share of 15% in the country’s GDP. The economy of Maharashtra is the largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹28.78 lakh crore and has the country’s 13th-highest GSDP per capita of ₹207,727877.

GDP: ₹ 28.78lakh crore

Rank as per GDP: 1st

Growth (as per GDP): 6% (2018-19)

Per Capita GDP: ₹207,727

Rank (per capita GDP): 11th

Sector-wise GDP: Agriculture: 13%, Industry: 31%, Services: 56% (2018-19)

Revenues: ₹ 3.49lakh crore

Unemployment: 5.3% (2019)

<h2 id="content-id-712-3">Education of Maharashtra</h2>

Maharashtra’s literacy rate is one of the highest of all the Indian states, with more than four-fifths of the population able to read and write. The discrepancy between male and female literacy has reduced since the beginning of the 21st century. The state provides free compulsory education for children between ages 6 and 14. The National Defence Academy near Pune is a premier institution that provides cadet training for India’s defence forces. There are many institutes in Maharashtra for research and development in explosives, armament technology, vehicle research, and naval, chemical, and metallurgical laboratories.

<img alt="NDA" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/NDA.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h2 id="content-id-712-4">Sports of Maharashtra</h2>

Sports in Maharashtra are an important part of the culture of the state. Kabaddi, Hockey, Kho kho, Badminton, Cricket and Table tennis are the popular sports of Maharashtra. The Commissionerate of Sports and Youth Services, Pune, governs the sporting activities in Maharashtra.

Here are some more interesting facts about MAHARASHTRA:

<ul>
	<li>Mumbai is popularly known as the city that never sleeps. This is because the city is almost always alive, even late in the nights. Popularly known as the New York of India, the city boasts of excellent infrastructure and has the latest technologies induced in development.</li>
	<li>The Maharashtra Bhushan is the highest and prestigious award presented annually by the government of Maharashtra state in India.</li>
	<li>In Shani Shingnapur situated in Maharashtra, people in this village have been living in houses with no doors for generations. This is because they believe that whoever steals anything from this place will incur the wrath of Shani God and will have to pay for his/her sins very dearly. There is no police station in this village either.</li>
	<li>Nashik in Maharashtra state is known as the ‘Wine Capital of India’ over the past decade.</li>
	<li>India’s first gold refinery was built in Shirpur in Maharashtra.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, this blog provided a deep and exhaustive study about the state of Maharashtra that will helps in your preparation for competitive exams like SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services and NDA etc.

In the next blog, we would be discussing some interesting facts and trivia about the state of Manipur. Click here for '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-manipur-geography-climate-and-culture-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Manipur - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes</a>’.

Thank You

In our antecedent blog, we had a detailed deliberation about the social and cultural, geographical and political traits of Maharashtra. If you haven&rsquo;t read that already, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Maharashtra&rsquo; &ndash; Part 1. Now in this blog, we will study about the history, environment and economy of the state.

Which state capital is&nbsp;India&rsquo;s biggest financial and commercial capital? Do you know the state that has&nbsp;the largest economy in India? Where is the&nbsp;&lsquo;Wine Capital of India&rsquo;?

Maharashtra is the most urban state in India. It&rsquo;s home to some of the most developed cities of India, such as Mumbai, Pune, Nasik, Nagpur, etc. Maharashtra is the financial, commercial and entertainment hub of India situated in the western region of India.

Let&rsquo;s talk about the olden forgotten days of Maharashtra.

<h2>HISTORY Maharashtra GK Notes:</h2>

The history of Maharashtra is quite rich as some of the great rulers and kings have ruled this region. All of them have left their indelible mark on the land. The great state has glorious historical events which can be traced back to the 3rd century BC. The tincture of the past has made the present equally bright.

<h3>Early History Maharashtra GK Notes:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>During the early period of 8th century, the present-day state of Maharashtra was divided between several Hindu kingdoms:&nbsp;Satavahana,&nbsp;Vakataka, Kalacuri,&nbsp;Rashtrakuta,&nbsp;Chalukya, and&nbsp;Yadava.</li>
	<li>A succession of Muslim&nbsp;dynasties&nbsp;ruled after 1307. By the mid-16th century, Maharashtra was again fragmented by Muslim rulers who fought with each other limitlessly.</li>
	<li>It was in the midst of that&nbsp;chaos&nbsp;that&nbsp;the great leader &lsquo;Shivaji&rsquo;&nbsp;was born in 1627. Shivaji showed astonishing prowess by founding a large&nbsp;Maratha&nbsp;empire that shook Delhi-based Mughal rule to its foundations.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;The Peshwa Dynasty&nbsp;took the Maratha Kingdom to new heights of glory during their reign from 1712 to 1804.</li>
	<li>The Maratha Kingdom had to face a crumbling defeat by the hands of&nbsp;Ahmad Shah Abdali&nbsp;in the&nbsp;Third Battle of Panipat&nbsp;in the year 1761. The defeat reduced the power of the Maratha kingdom and confined it regionally.</li>
</ul>

<h3>British Rule Maharashtra GK Notes:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The British rule in the state of Maharashtra was established only after the&nbsp;three Anglo-Maratha Wars.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;At that time the Mughal power had already crumbled. Therefore, the fall of the Maratha power at the hands of the British marked the beginning of British rule in India.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Britain&nbsp;gained control of&nbsp;Bombay&nbsp;Island in 1661, and from the early 19th century onward the Marathas gradually&nbsp;succumbed&nbsp;to British expansion on the mainland.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The region was governed by the&nbsp;Bombay Presidency&nbsp;which included most parts of northern Deccan.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;The princely states in the region included the modern cities of&nbsp;Nagpur, Satara and Kolhapur&nbsp;which accepted the British supremacy in return of maintaining local autonomy.</li>
	<li>In 20th century, the struggle for independence took shape which was led by radical nationalist&nbsp;Bal Gangadhar Tilak&nbsp;and the&nbsp;moderates&nbsp;like&nbsp;Justice&nbsp;Mahadev Govind Ranade,&nbsp;Gopal Krishna Gokhale,&nbsp;Pherozeshah Mehta&nbsp;and&nbsp;Shahu, Raja of Kolhapur,&nbsp;Dadabhai Naoroji,&nbsp;Dr. B. R. Ambedkar,&nbsp;Jyotirao Phule, all these social reformers who were all born in this region.</li>
	<li>The warning to the Britishers during&nbsp;the&nbsp;Quit India Movement&nbsp;was given in Mumbai and reached a climax in the transfer of power and independence in 1947.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Post-independence Maharashtra GK Notes:</h3>

After India gained its independence in 1947; the province became Bombay state (1950). Maharashtra went through a number of political changes.&nbsp; Several former princely states subsequently were merged into the new state. The modern state of Maharashtra came into existence in&nbsp;1960, under&nbsp;the Bombay Reorganization Act&nbsp;in which the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat were legally given the status of separate states based on linguistic differences. The modern history of Maharashtra includes the period from the attainment of independence to the final separation of the states.

Now next we will scrutinize the environmental status of the state.

<h2>ENVIRONMENT Maharashtra GK Notes:</h2>

Maharashtra is an integral part of India. Maharashtra is a very popular place on the map of India and boasts of great culture in travel and tourism fields. The state is blessed with unique flora and fauna due to its location. The Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea make this place an abode for biodiversity.

<h3>Water Bodies</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Out of the five major rivers in India, three flow through the state of Maharashtra namely:&nbsp;Godavari, Krishna and Tapti. These rivers form river basins in the regions towards which they drain and cover the maximum fertile of the state.</li>
	<li>Godavari&nbsp;is considered a holy river originating in Trimbakeshwar in Nashik and it flows south-east across the Deccan Plateau. It is also called the&nbsp;Dakshina Ganga. The main tributaries of the river are- Indravati River, Wardha-Wainganga Rivers, Manjira River, KInnerasani River, Pranahita River, Parvara River, Purna River etc.</li>
	<li>Krishna River is one of the longest rivers in the country covers 8% of the total geographical area of India. The origin of this river is at&nbsp;Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra has a number of lakes. Out of all the cities in the state which are famous for the lakes,&nbsp;Thane&nbsp;stands out. The city has been named the&nbsp;&lsquo;city of lakes&rsquo;&nbsp;having a reservoir of&nbsp;30 lakes.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Dams</h3>

<ul>
	<li>There are around&nbsp;1821 notable large dam and reservoirs&nbsp;in Maharashtra, some of the most famous dams are Khadakwasla Dam, Mulsi Dam, Panshet Dam, Radhanagari Dam, Wilson Dam, Ujjani Dam, Koyna Dam etc.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Jayakwadi Dam&nbsp;is one of the largest Dam of Maharashtra, situated in&nbsp;Jayakwadi village of Aurangabad.&nbsp;Jayakwadi project&nbsp;is used mainly to irrigate agricultural land of drought-prone regions of Maharashtra and&nbsp;the surrounding area has a garden known as&nbsp;Dnyaneshwar Udyan,&nbsp;one of the largest gardens built in the state and a bird sanctuary which is&nbsp;home for many species of resident and migrant birds.</li>
	<li>The Rubble-concrete Koyna Dam&nbsp;built on the Koyna River, Satara district in the Western Ghats of India. It is the largest dam in Maharashtra with a total installed capacity of 1,920 MW.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Ujjani Dam&nbsp;is also known as&nbsp;Bhima Dam&nbsp;as it is built over the Bhima River, located near Ujjani village in Solapur and&nbsp;Bhima River is a tributary of the Krishna River.&nbsp;Ujjani Dam and its large water reservoir, known as&nbsp;the Bhadalwadi Lake or&nbsp;Bhigwan Bird Sanctuary&nbsp;is&nbsp;one of the largest wetlands in India and protected under the Ramsar Convention site.</li>
</ul>

<h3>National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Maharashtra&nbsp;has&nbsp;five&nbsp;National Parks&nbsp;namely well-known&nbsp;Tiger haunts of Tadoba, Gugamal and Pench, Navegaon &amp; Sanjay Gandhi&nbsp;National Park&nbsp;in Mumbai metropolis. Out of these,&nbsp;Tadoba, Gugalmal and Pench&nbsp;are part of three Tiger reserves declared in Maharashtra.</li>
	<li>Maharashtra state is home to many rare species of flora and fauna in&nbsp;41 wildlife&nbsp;sanctuary. Wildlife safari in important sanctuaries of Maharashtra includes&nbsp;Bharmragarh Sanctuary, Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary, Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary, Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnala Bird Sanctuary and Bhigwan Bird Sanctuary.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s shift to the last aspect i.e. economic stability of the state.

<h2>ECONOMY Maharashtra GK Notes:</h2>

Maharashtra&nbsp;is the most industrialised state in India. The state capital of Maharashtra,&nbsp;Mumbai&nbsp;is India&rsquo;s biggest&nbsp;financial&nbsp;and commercial capital of India. The state has played a significant role in the country&rsquo;s&nbsp;social&nbsp;and&nbsp;political life&nbsp;and widely considered as a leader in terms of&nbsp;agricultural&nbsp;and&nbsp;industrial production, trade and transport, and education.&nbsp;Maharashtra is one of the most developed and prosperous Indian states and continues to be the&nbsp;single largest contributor to the&nbsp;national economy&nbsp;with a share of 15% in the country&rsquo;s&nbsp;GDP. The&nbsp;economy of Maharashtra&nbsp;is the&nbsp;largest&nbsp;in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of&nbsp;₹28.78 lakh crore&nbsp;and has the country&rsquo;s&nbsp;13th-highest GSDP per capita&nbsp;of&nbsp;₹207,727877.

GDP:&nbsp;₹ 28.78lakh crore

Rank as per GDP: &nbsp;1st

Growth (as per GDP):&nbsp;6% (2018-19)

Per Capita GDP:&nbsp;₹207,727

Rank (per capita GDP):&nbsp;11th

Sector-wise GDP:&nbsp;Agriculture:&nbsp; 13%, Industry: 31%, Services: 56% (2018-19)

Revenues:&nbsp;₹ 3.49lakh crore

Unemployment:&nbsp;5.3% (2019)

<h2>EDUCATION Maharashtra GK Notes:</h2>

Maharashtra&rsquo;s literacy rate is one of the&nbsp;highest of all the Indian states, with more than four-fifths of the population able to read and write. The discrepancy between male and female literacy has reduced since the beginning of the 21st century. The state provides free compulsory education for children between ages 6 and 14.&nbsp;The&nbsp;National Defence Academy near Pune&nbsp;is a premier institution that provides cadet training for India&rsquo;s defence forces. There are many institutes in Maharashtra for&nbsp;research and development&nbsp;in explosives, armament technology, vehicle research, and naval, chemical, and metallurgical laboratories.

<h2>SPORTS Maharashtra GK Notes:</h2>

Sports&nbsp;in Maharashtra are an important part of the culture of&nbsp;the state.&nbsp;Kabaddi, Hockey, Kho kho, Badminton, Cricket and Table tennis&nbsp;are the popular&nbsp;sports&nbsp;of&nbsp;Maharashtra. The&nbsp;Commissionerate of&nbsp;Sports&nbsp;and Youth Services, Pune, governs the sporting activities in Maharashtra.

Here are&nbsp;some more interesting facts about MAHARASHTRA:

<ul>
	<li>Mumbai is popularly known as&nbsp;the city that never sleeps. This is because the city is almost always alive, even late in the nights. Popularly known as&nbsp;the New York of India, the city boasts of excellent infrastructure and has the latest technologies induced in development.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Maharashtra Bhushan&nbsp;is the highest and prestigious award presented annually by the government of Maharashtra state in India.</li>
	<li>In&nbsp;Shani Shingnapur situated in Maharashtra, people in this village have been living in houses with no doors for generations. This is because they believe that whoever steals anything from this place will incur the wrath of Shani God and will have to pay for his/her sins very dearly. There is no police station in this village either.</li>
	<li>Nashik in Maharashtra state is known as the &lsquo;Wine Capital of India&rsquo;&nbsp;over the past decade.</li>
	<li>India&rsquo;s first gold refinery was built in&nbsp;Shirpur&nbsp;in Maharashtra.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, this blog provided&nbsp;a deep and exhaustive study about the state of Maharashtra that will helps in your preparation for competitive exams like&nbsp;SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services&nbsp;and&nbsp;NDA&nbsp;etc.

In the next blog, we would be discussing some interesting facts and trivia about the state of Manipur. Click here for&nbsp;Know your State &ndash; &lsquo;Manipur&rsquo;.

THANK YOU

Interesting Facts about Maharashtra - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your State Maharashtra – Maharashtra GK Notes (Part-2)

Hello guys!

Today we are here with another charming and beautiful state of India- Manipur. Manipur is a land of unparalleled natural beauty with an oval-shaped lush valley surrounded by a range of evergreen blue hills with a surplus amount of fauna and flora. Manipur is home to majestic mountains, fabulous lakes, natural caves, immense natural beauty and many other attractions.

Which state is known as the Jewel of India? In which state of India, World’s only floating National Park is situated?Where is Asia’s biggest all women-run market?

In this write-up, we are going to cover the social and cultural, geographical and political aspects of the state. Now let’s get started.

Manipur is located in the northeastern part of the country which is known as a peace-loving state with the most welcoming people. Manipur attained full-fledged statehood on 21 January 1972. Manipuri is considered a sensitive border state and is famous for its rich culture and traditions, scenic landscapes, natural beauty, and mouth watering cuisines. 

Let’s have a glance over the State Symbols of Manipur. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-716-0">State Symbols of Manipur </h2>

<table style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Imphal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Meitei (Also known as Manipuri)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Shirui lily</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Uningthou</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Sangai</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Nongin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Manipuri dance (Jagoi)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor(Present)</td>
			<td>Anusuiya Uikey</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister(Present)</td>
			<td>Nongthombam Biren Singh</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let’s study the foremost aspect of the state i.e. social and cultural aspects of Manipur. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-716-1">Art and Culture of Manipur</h2>

Manipur is described as the Jewel of India. Manipur is a mosaic state of traditions and cultural patterns which is best represented by its dance forms. The state is surrounded by blue hills with an oval-shaped valley at the centre, rich in art and tradition, and surcharged with nature’s pristine glory. Manipur lies on a melting pot of culture. 

<ul>
	<li>Polo and field hockey are popular sports played in the state. Manipur is the birthplace of the Modern game Polo where the game is known as Sagol Kangjei or Pulu.</li>
	<li>Manipur has given birth to an indigenous form of classical dance known as Manipuri. Manipuri was long an isolated dance art form which was introduced to the rest of India by the poet Rabindranath Tagore in 1917.</li>
	<li> The Lai-Haraoba festival is generally celebrated between April and May, after the harvest season.</li>
	<li>Manipuri language is the official language of the state as well as the native language among the various ethnic groups in the state. It is the only language of the state to be included under the 8th scheduled languages of the Indian constitution.</li>
	<li>The Manipuris make their food mainly steamed or boiled rather than frying it. The food is not only tasty, but the aroma is more than heavenly. The people of the state are lovers of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Some of the most famous cuisines made in Manipur are Chamthong or Kangshoi,Eromba, Kang-ngou or kaang-hou, Anganba, Morok Metpa, Sana thongba, Mangal ooti, Paknam, Nga-thongba.</li>
	<li>Manipur has always been a place of devotion and belief in Lord Krishna and, therefore, it houses several temples dedicated to Lord Krishna. Some famous temples of the state are Shri Govindaji Temple, Krishna Temple, Sanamahi Temple, Nityananda and Narasimha Temple, Radha-krishna Chandra Iskcon Temple, etc.</li>
</ul>

<s><img alt="Iskcon Manipur" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Iskcon Manipur.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"></s>

[Image Source: ISKCON Centres]

Let’s proceed further and study the geographical aspects of the state. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-716-2">Geography of Manipur</h2>

Manipur is situated in the northeastern part of the country. The name Manipur means “the Jewel of India”. Manipur is the 23rd largest state of India. The state is a hilly region with natural green hills and landscape. It is perfectly located on the slopes of the Himalayas making it one of the most beautiful sites in the country.

<ul>
	<li>Total Area: 22,347 km2</li>
	<li>Total Population: 28,55,794</li>
</ul>

Latitude extension: 23°83’N – 25°68’N 

Longitudinal extension: 93°03’E – 94°78’E

<ul>
	<li>The state has two major physiographic regions: the Manipur River valley and a large surrounding tract of mountainous country. The state is full of lush greenery everywhere and is famous for its splendid plateaus, hill ranges and beautiful valleys that are full of flowers. </li>
	<li>Natural vegetation occupies nearly 64% of the total geographical area of the state and consists of short and tall grasses, reeds and bamboos, and trees.</li>
	<li>The state is bordered by the Indian states of Nagaland to its north, Mizoram to its south, Assam to its west, and shares an international border with Myanmar to its east.</li>
	<li>Broadly, there are four types of forests found in the state: Tropical Semi-evergreen, Dry Temperate Forest, Subtropical Pine, and Tropical Moist Deciduous.</li>
	<li>The hill ranges of the state are connected by spurs and ridges, run generally north-south. These ranges consist of the Naga Hills to the north, the East Manipur Hills along the eastern Myanmar border, the Mizo and Chin Hills to the south, and the West Manipur Hills to the west. </li>
	<li>The state has four major river basins: the Barak River Basin (Barak Valley) to the west, the Manipur River Basin in central Manipur, the Yu River Basin in the east, and a portion of the Lanye River Basin in the north.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Manipur River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Manipur River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia] 
 

<h2 id="content-id-716-3">Climate of Manipur</h2>

The climate of Manipur is largely influenced by the topography of this hilly region. Lying 790 meters above sea level, Manipur is wedged among hills on all sides. The climate is temperate in the valley and cold in the hills. In summer the average high temperature is about 32–34°C, while in the winter temperatures can drop up to about 1–2°C. Rainfall is abundant, with about 1,650 mm of precipitation occurring annually. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-716-4">Soil type of Manipur</h2>

The soil cover can be divided into two broad types in the state namely: the red ferruginous soil in the hill area and the alluvium in the valley. The valley soils generally contain loam, small rock fragments, sand, and sandy clay, and are varied. On the plains, especially floodplains and deltas, the soil is quite thick. The topsoil on the steep slopes is very thin. The soil on the steep hill slopes is subject to high erosion, resulting in gullies and barren rock slopes. The normal pH value of the soil found in Manipur is from 5.4 to 6.8.

Let’s take look at the Political structure of the state. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-716-5">Government and Politics of Manipur</h2>

Like other states in India, the governor which is appointed by the president of India is considered as the constitutional head of the state. The governor functions on the advice of the elected chief minister and the Council of Ministers. The legislature of the state is Unicameral. Representatives are elected for a five-year term to the state. The state’s High Court is located in Imphal which heads the state judiciary. Manipur is divided into 16 administrative districts. The state has one autonomous council.

Representation of Manipur in Parliament:

Assembly seats (unicameral): 60

Rajya Sabha: 1

Lok Sabha: 2

First Governor of Manipur: B. K. Nehru

<img alt="BK Nehru" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/BK Nehru.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Rediff]

First Chief Minister of Manipur: Marembam Koering Singh

Here comes Some Interesting Things about Manipur:

<ul>
	<li>Keibul Lamjao National Park in ‘Phumidis’ floating island, Manipur is World’s only floating National Park.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="KL National Park" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/KL National Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: The Times of India]

<ul>
	<li>Ima kiethel is Asia’s biggest all women-run market is 500 year old market. It has approximately 4000 women traders who sell a wide range of wares.</li>
	<li>Hindi films are not released or screened in Manipur after the rebel group banned the use of Hindi language, television shows and films in 2000.</li>
	<li>Foreign as well as domestic tourists need special permission to go to Manipur.</li>
	<li>According to legends, the people of Manipur are Gandharvas who are singers and dancers. In the Vedic texts, the region is also referred to as “GANDHARV-DESA”.</li>
</ul>

Hope this write-up made most of your facts clear about Manipur. In our upcoming write-up, we will be discussing other important aspects of Manipur.

Which state played a vital role in the Second World War? What are the economic aspects of Manipur? Who was the first ruler of Manipur?

In our next article, the factors corresponding to these questions will be answered surely. If you don’t want to miss it, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-manipur-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Manipur - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>’ – Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your competitive exams such as SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA, etc.

Thank You

Hello guys!

Today we are here with another charming and beautiful state of India- Manipur.&nbsp;Manipur&nbsp;is a land of unparalleled natural&nbsp;beauty&nbsp;with an oval-shaped lush valley surrounded&nbsp;by a range of evergreen blue hills with surplus amount of fauna and flora. Manipur&nbsp;is home to majestic mountains, fabulous lakes,&nbsp;natural&nbsp;caves, immense&nbsp;natural beauty&nbsp;and many other attractions.

Which state is known as&nbsp;the Jewel of India? In which state of India,&nbsp;World&rsquo;s only floating National Park&nbsp;is situated?Where is&nbsp;Asia&rsquo;s biggest all women-run market?

In this write-up, we are going to cover the social and cultural, geographical and political aspects of the state. Now let&rsquo;s get started.

Manipur&nbsp;is located in the northeastern part of the country which is known as a peace-loving state with the most welcoming people. Manipur attained full-fledged statehood on&nbsp;21 January 1972. Manipuri is considered a sensitive border state and&nbsp;is famous for its rich culture and traditions, scenic landscapes, natural&nbsp;beauty, and mouthwatering cuisines.&nbsp;

Let&rsquo;s have a glance over the State Symbols of Manipur.

<h2>STATE SYMBOLS OF MANIPUR Manipur GK Notes:</h2>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Imphal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Shirui lily</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Uningthou</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Sangai</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Nongin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Manipuri dance (Jagoi)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor(PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Anusuiya Uikey</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister(PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Nongthombam Biren Singh (incumbent)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let&rsquo;s study the foremost aspect of the state i.e. social and cultural aspects of Manipur.

<h2>Art &amp;&nbsp;CULTURE of Manipur:</h2>

Manipur is described as the Jewel of India. Manipur is a mosaic state of traditions and cultural patterns which is best represented by its dance forms. The state is surrounded by blue hills with an oval-shaped valley at the centre, rich in art and tradition, and surcharged with nature&rsquo;s pristine glory. Manipur lies on a melting pot of culture. &nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Polo&nbsp;and&nbsp;field hockey&nbsp;are popular sports played in the state. Manipur is the birthplace of the Modern game&nbsp;Polo&nbsp;where the game is known as&nbsp;Sagol Kangjei&nbsp;or&nbsp;Pulu.</li>
	<li>Manipur has given birth to an&nbsp;indigenous&nbsp;form of&nbsp;classical dance&nbsp;known as&nbsp;Manipuri. Manipuri was long an isolated dance art form which was introduced to the rest of India by the poet&nbsp;Rabindranath Tagore&nbsp;in 1917.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;The Lai-Haraoba festival is generally celebrated between April and May, after the harvest season.</li>
	<li>Manipuri&nbsp;language&nbsp;is the official language of the state as well as the&nbsp;native language&nbsp;among the various ethnic groups in the state. It is the only language of the state to be included under the 8th scheduled languages of the Indian constitution.</li>
	<li>The Manipuris make their food mainly steamed or boiled rather than frying it. The food is not only tasty, but the aroma is more than heavenly. The people of the state are lovers of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Some of the most famous cuisines made in Manipur are&nbsp;Chamthong or Kangshoi,Eromba, Kang-ngou or kaang-hou, Anganba, Morok Metpa, Sana thongba, Mangal ooti, Paknam, Nga-thongba.</li>
	<li>Manipur has always been a place of devotion and belief in&nbsp;Lord Krishna&nbsp;and, therefore, it houses several temples dedicated to Lord Krishna. Some famous temples of the state are&nbsp;Shri Govindaji Temple, Krishna Temple, Sanamahi Temple, Nityananda and Narasimha Temple, Radha-krishna Chandra Iskcon Temple, etc.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s proceed further and study about the geographical aspects of the state.

<h2>GEOGRAPHY&nbsp;:</h2>

Manipur is situated in the northeastern part of the country. The name Manipur means &ldquo;the Jewel of India&rdquo;. Manipur is the 23rd largest state of India. The state is a hilly region with natural green hills and landscape. It is perfectly located on the slopes of the Himalayas making it one of the most beautiful sites in the country.

<ul>
	<li>Total Area: 22,347&nbsp;km2</li>
	<li>Total Population:&nbsp;28,55,794</li>
</ul>

Latitude extension:&nbsp;23&deg;83&rsquo;N&nbsp;&ndash; 25&deg;68&rsquo;N&nbsp;

Longitudinal extension:&nbsp;93&deg;03&rsquo;E&nbsp;&ndash; 94&deg;78&rsquo;E

<ul>
	<li>The state has&nbsp;two major physiographic&nbsp;regions: the&nbsp;Manipur River valley&nbsp;and a large surrounding tract of mountainous country. The state is full of lush greenery everywhere and is famous for its splendid plateaus, hill ranges and beautiful valleys that are full of flowers.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Natural vegetation occupies nearly 64% of the total geographical area of the state&nbsp;and consists of short and tall grasses, reeds and&nbsp;bamboos, and trees.</li>
	<li>The state is bordered by the Indian states of&nbsp;Nagaland&nbsp;to its north,&nbsp;Mizoram&nbsp;to its south,&nbsp;Assam&nbsp;to its west, and shares an international border with&nbsp;Myanmar&nbsp;to its east.</li>
	<li>Broadly, there are four types of forests found in the state: Tropical Semi-evergreen, Dry Temperate Forest, Sub-Tropical Pine, and Tropical Moist Deciduous.</li>
	<li>The hill ranges of the state are connected by spurs and ridges, run generally north-south. These ranges consist of the&nbsp;Naga Hills&nbsp;to the north, the East Manipur Hills along the eastern Myanmar border, the&nbsp;Mizo&nbsp;and&nbsp;Chin Hills to the south, and the West Manipur Hills to the west.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The state has four major river basins:&nbsp;the&nbsp;Barak River Basin&nbsp;(Barak Valley)&nbsp;to the west,&nbsp;the&nbsp;Manipur River Basin&nbsp;in central Manipur,&nbsp;the&nbsp;Yu River Basin&nbsp;in the east, and&nbsp;a portion of the Lanye River Basin&nbsp;in the north.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Climate :</h2>

The climate of Manipur is largely influenced by the topography of this hilly region. Lying 790 meters above sea level, Manipur is wedged among hills on all sides. The climate is temperate in the valley and cold in the hills.&nbsp;In summer&nbsp;the average high temperature is about 32&ndash;34 &deg;C, while&nbsp;in the winter&nbsp;temperatures can drop up to about 1&ndash;2 &deg;C.&nbsp;Rainfall&nbsp;is abundant, with about 1,650 mm of precipitation occurring annually.

<h2>Soil type:</h2>

The soil cover can be divided into two broad types in the state namely:&nbsp;the&nbsp;red&nbsp;ferruginous&nbsp;soil in the hill area&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;alluvium&nbsp;in the valley. The valley soils generally contain loam, small rock fragments, sand, and sandy clay, and are varied. On the plains, especially flood plains and deltas, the soil is quite thick. The topsoil on the steep slopes is very thin.&nbsp; The soil on the steep hill slopes is subject to high erosion, resulting in&nbsp;gullies&nbsp;and barren rock slopes. The normal pH value of the soil found in Manipur is from&nbsp;5.4 to 6.8.

Let&rsquo;s take look at the Political structure of the state.

<h2>GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS</h2>

Like other states in India, the&nbsp;governor&nbsp;which is appointed by the president of India is considered as the&nbsp;constitutional&nbsp;head of the state. The governor functions on the advice of the elected chief minister and the Council of Ministers. The legislature of the state is&nbsp;Unicameral.&nbsp;Representatives are elected for a five-year term to the state. The state&rsquo;s High Court is located in&nbsp;Imphal&nbsp;which heads the state judiciary. Manipur is divided into&nbsp;16 administrative districts. The state has&nbsp;one autonomous council.

Representation of Manipur in Parliament:

Assembly seats (unicameral):&nbsp;60

Rajya Sabha:&nbsp;1

Lok Sabha:&nbsp;2

First Governor of Manipur:&nbsp;B. K. Nehru

First Chief Minister of Manipur:&nbsp;Marembam Koering Singh

Here comes&nbsp;SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT MANIPUR:

<ul>
	<li>Keibul Lamjao National Park in &lsquo;Phumidis&rsquo; floating island, Manipur&nbsp;is World&rsquo;s only floating National Park.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Ima kiethel&nbsp;is Asia&rsquo;s biggest all women-run market is 500 year old market. It has approximately 4000 women traders who sell a wide range of wares.</li>
	<li>Hindi films&nbsp;are not released or screened in Manipur after the rebel group banned the use of Hindi language, television shows and films in 2000.</li>
	<li>Foreign&nbsp;as well as domestic tourists need special permission to go to&nbsp;Manipur.</li>
	<li>According to legends, the people of Manipur are&nbsp;Gandharvas&nbsp;which are singers and dancers. In the Vedic texts, the region is also referred to as &ldquo;GANDHARV-DESA&rdquo;.</li>
</ul>

Hope this write-up made most of your facts clear about Manipur. In our upcoming write-up, we will be discussing about other important aspects of Manipur.

Which state played a vital role in the Second World War? What are the&nbsp;economic aspects of Manipur? Who was the&nbsp;first ruler of Manipur?

In our next article, the factors corresponding to these questions will be answered surely. If you don&rsquo;t want to miss it, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Manipur&rsquo; &ndash; Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your competitive exams such&nbsp;SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA,&nbsp;etc.

Thank You

Interesting Facts about Manipur - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Art &amp; Culture of Manipur – Manipur GK Notes (Part 1)

In our previous blog, we discussed some vital aspects of Manipur. If you haven’t read that already, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-manipur-geography-climate-and-culture-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Manipur - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes</a>’ – Part 1. Now in the following write-up, we’ll study other important attributes of the state i.e. history, environment and economic conditions of Manipur.

Which popular folk form of wrestling is practiced in Manipur? What is the literacy rate of Manipur? Who is the Iron lady of Manipur?

Manipur truly means ‘the jewelled land’. The exquisite state is well known for its traditions, dance forms, music and deluxe haute cuisine. Most of the part of the state is shielded with forests, which houses some of the rarest species of flora and fauna.

Let’s have a glimpse of the bygone times of Manipur. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-717-0">History of Manipur</h2>

Manipur is rich in natural beauty and has a magnificent history of its own. History of the state cradled from archaeological research, myths and written history. Manipur’s ancient name is Kanlapaq.

<ul>
	<li>Nongda Lairen Pakhangba was the first ruler of Manipur. He created the kingdom of Manipur in 33 AD.</li>
	<li>The earliest registered history of Manipur dated about 900 CE.</li>
	<li>In 1762, Raja Jai Singh culminated a treaty with the Britishers to repel an invasion of Burmans from Myanmar (Burma). The Britishers were again requested to expel the Burmans.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Raja Jai" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Raja Jai.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>The controversial successions were a continual origin of political confusion until Chura Chand was nominated Raja in 1891 who was a five-year-old member of the ruling family.</li>
	<li>For the next eight years, the administration was conducted under British supervision; slavery and forced labour were abolished, and roads were constructed.</li>
	<li> After an uprising of the Kuki hill tribes in 1917, a new system of government was adopted; the region was divided into three subdivisions, each headed by an officer from the neighbouring government of Assam.</li>
	<li>With the elevation of Manipur to India in 1947, the political agency exercised by Assam was abolished.</li>
	<li>Two years later Manipur became a union territory governed by a chief commissioner and an elected territorial council.</li>
	<li>In 1969, the office of chief commissioner was replaced by the lieutenant governor and status was changed to governor when Manipur became a constituent state of the Indian union on July 21, 1972.</li>
</ul>

Now let’s switch to the environmental aspects of Manipur. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-717-1">Environment of Manipur </h2>

Ecologically, the state has rich and rare fauna and flora, fine scenic beauty and environmental peace that are very hard to find in other places. The state has an abundance of natural resources. There are colourful flowering plants, sacred forests, and ever-flowing rivers, lush green splits on the mountains and hills and crooked waterfalls. Moreover, as the state lies in the monsoonal belt, Manipur receives a good amount of rainfall from the south-west monsoon.

<ul>
	<li>On a physical basis, the state can be divided into two parts, hills and valleys. There are hills all around and a valley in between. </li>
	<li>Manipur is also known as the ‘Orchid Basket’ of the country. 500 species of orchid flowers are found in the state. A special type of floral Shirui lily is found in the Shirui hills, Manipur situated at an altitude of about 5000 feet above sea level. Shirui lily is produced only in Manipur all over the world and is the state flower. </li>
</ul>

<img alt="Shirui Lily" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Shirui Lily.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: The Statesman]

<ul>
	<li>Within the State of Manipur, there are two major river basins namely the Barak River Basin and the Manipur River Basin. The Manipur river basin has seven major rivers such as Imphal, Iril, Nambul, Sekmai, Chakpi, Thoubal and Khuga. All these rivers originate from the surrounding hills. </li>
	<li>Loktak Lake is an important lake as almost all the rivers in the valley area are in the mature stage and therefore, deposit the load in the Loktak Lake.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Loktak Lake" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Loktak Lake.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>The Keibul Lamjao National Park in the Bishnupur district of Manipur is the only floating national park in the world and is an integral part of Loktak Lake with an area of 40 km2. The national park is characterised by many floating decomposed plant materials locally called Phumdis</li>
	<li>The national park which was initially declared to be a sanctuary in 1966 was subsequently declared to be a national park in 1977 to preserve the natural refuge of the endangered Manipur, Sangai also called the dancing deer.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Sangai" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Sangai.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Let’s talk about the economic status of Manipur. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-717-2">Economy of Manipur </h2>

Agriculture and agro-based industries are the main sources of income and the basis of the economy of the state. Rice is the major crop grown in the state and also supports the production of other crops like maize, sugarcane, mustard, tobacco, orchard fruits, and legumes.

<ul>
	<li>Terracing is common in the hills of Manipur where the farmers of the state plough the ground with hand hoes.</li>
	<li>Among some of the hill tribes, domestic animals are kept only for meat and are not milked or used for hauling. Teak and bamboo are major forestry products.</li>
	<li>The Nagas are known to use intoxicants to catch fish.</li>
	<li> The state is a suitable place for information technology-based businesses. </li>
	<li>There is immense investment potential, especially in the field of agriculture and food processing. </li>
	<li>There are many possibilities in the field of handloom, handicrafts and tourism to attract investors in the state, the government has formulated several policies as well as several incentives to attract investors have also been announced.</li>
</ul>

GDP: ₹ 0.231 lakh crore

Rank (as per GDP): 29th

Growth (as per GDP): 10.63% (2016-17)

Per capita GDP: ₹286,328

Rank (GDP per capita): 31th

Revenues: ₹ 3.49lakh crore

Unemployment: 11.6% 
 

<h2 id="content-id-717-3">Education of Manipur</h2>

Literacy rate of Manipur is 79.85% which exceeds the national average literacy rate which stands at 74.04%. The introduction of a separate education department in 1950 was a step forward towards improved educational conditions in Manipur. The education system adopted by the state government has indeed changed the face of secondary and higher secondary education in Manipur. The number of students who passed with first division has also increased greatly over the years.  
 

<h2 id="content-id-717-4">Sports of Manipur </h2>

The modern-day polo game is said to have its roots in Sagol Kangjei and is the traditional sport of the state. Imphal boasts of Imphal Polo Ground being the oldest one in the world. The Manipuri style of polo is known as the Pana which is different from the polo played in the international style.

Here are some more interesting facts about MANIPUR:

<ul>
	<li>Mukna is the popular folk form of wrestling that is practiced in Manipur.</li>
	<li>Red Hill –Lokpaching is the place in Manipur where the Japanese and the Britishers fought a memorial war during World War II.</li>
	<li>Meitei Tribe is the primary ethnic group of Manipur which constitutes almost 50% of the population.</li>
	<li>Manipur is a dry state where people relish the country liquor made from Manipuri rice.</li>
	<li>Irom Chanu Sharmila is known as the Iron lady of Manipur. She is a civil activist who started her hunger strike in 2000 against AFSPA and the strike lasted till 2016.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Irom Sharmila" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Irom Sharmila.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Hindustan Times]

Therefore, this was all about the state of Manipur that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services and NDA etc.

Thank You

In our previous blog, we discussed about some vital aspects of Manipur. If you haven&rsquo;t read that already, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Manipur&rsquo; &ndash; Part 1. Now in the following write-up, we&rsquo;ll study other important attributes of the state i.e. history, environment and economic conditions of Manipur.

Which popular&nbsp;folk form of wrestling&nbsp;practiced in Manipur? What is the&nbsp;literacy rate&nbsp;of Manipur? Who is&nbsp;the Iron lady of Manipur?

Manipur&nbsp;truly means &lsquo;the jewelled land&rsquo;. The exquisite state is well known for its traditions, dance forms, music and deluxe haute cuisine. Most of the part of the state is shielded with forests, which houses some of the rarest species of flora and fauna.

Let&rsquo;s have a glimpse of the bygone times of Manipur.

<h2>HISTORY Manipur General Knowledge Notes:</h2>

Manipur is rich in&nbsp;natural beauty and&nbsp;has a magnificent history of its own.&nbsp;History of the state cradled&nbsp;from&nbsp;archaeological research,&nbsp;myths&nbsp;and written history.&nbsp;Manipur&rsquo;s ancient name is&nbsp;Kanlapaq.

<ul>
	<li>Nongda Lairen Pakhangba&nbsp;was the first ruler of Manipur. He created the kingdom of Manipur in 33AD.</li>
	<li>The earliest registered history of Manipur dated about&nbsp;900&nbsp;CE.</li>
	<li>In 1762,&nbsp;Raja Jai Singh&nbsp;culminated a treaty with the&nbsp;Britishers&nbsp;to repel an invasion of Burmans from&nbsp;Myanmar&nbsp;(Burma). The Britishers were again requested to expel the Burmans.</li>
	<li>The controversial successions were a continual origin of political confusion until&nbsp;Chura Chand&nbsp;was nominated raja in 1891 who was a five-year-old member of the ruling family.</li>
	<li>For the next eight years, the administration was conducted under British supervision; slavery and&nbsp;forced labour&nbsp;were abolished, and roads were constructed.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;After an uprising of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Kuki&nbsp;hill tribes&nbsp;in 1917, a new system of government was adopted; the region was divided into three subdivisions, each headed by an officer from the neighbouring government of&nbsp;Assam.</li>
	<li>With the elevation of Manipur to India in&nbsp;1947, the political agency exercised by Assam was abolished.</li>
	<li>Two years later Manipur became a union territory governed by a chief commissioner and an elected territorial council.</li>
	<li>In 1969, the office of chief commissioner was replaced by the lieutenant governor and status was changed to governor when Manipur became a&nbsp;constituent&nbsp;state of the Indian union on&nbsp;July 21, 1972.</li>
</ul>

Now let&rsquo;s switch to the environmental aspects of Manipur.

<h2>ENVIRONMENT Manipur General Knowledge Notes:</h2>

Ecologically, the state has rich and rare fauna and flora, fine scenic beauty and environmental&nbsp;peace that are very hard to find in other places. The state has an abundance of natural resources. There are colorful flowering plants, sacred forests, and ever-flowing rivers, lush green splits on the mountains and hills and crooked waterfalls.&nbsp;Moreover, as the state lies in the monsoonal belt,&nbsp;Manipur&nbsp;receives a good amount of rainfall from the south-west monsoon.

<ul>
	<li>On a physical basis, the state can be divided into two parts, hills and valleys.&nbsp;There are hills all around and a valley in between.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Manipur is also known as the&nbsp;&lsquo;Orchid Basket&rsquo; of the country.&nbsp;500 species of orchid flowers are found in the state.&nbsp;A special type of&nbsp;floral&nbsp;Shiroi lily is found&nbsp;in the Shiroi hills, Manipur situated at an altitude of about 5000 feet above sea level. Shiroi lily is produced only in Manipur all over the world and is the state flower.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Within the State of Manipur, there are two major river basins namely&nbsp;the Barak River Basin&nbsp;and&nbsp;the Manipur River Basin. The Manipur river basin has seven major rivers such as&nbsp;Imphal, Iril, Nambul, Sekmai, Chakpi, Thoubal and Khuga.&nbsp;All these rivers originate from the surrounding hills.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Loktak Lake&nbsp;is an important lake as almost all the rivers in the valley area are in the mature stage and therefore, deposit the load in the Loktak Lake.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Keibul Lamjao National Park&nbsp;in the&nbsp;Bishnupur district of&nbsp;Manipur is the only floating national park in the world and is an integral part of&nbsp;Loktak Lake with an area of 40&nbsp;km2. The national park is characterized by&nbsp;many floating decomposed plant materials locally called Phumdis</li>
	<li>The national park which was initially declared to be a&nbsp;sanctuary&nbsp;in 1966 was subsequently declared to be a national park in 1977 to preserve the natural refuge of the endangered Manipur,&nbsp;Sangai&nbsp;also called the dancing deer.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s talk about the economic status of Manipur.

<h2>ECONOMY Manipur General Knowledge Notes:</h2>

Agriculture and agro-based industries&nbsp;are the main sources of income and the basis of the economy of the state.&nbsp;Rice&nbsp;is the major crop grown in the state and also supports the production of other crops like maize,&nbsp;sugarcane,&nbsp;mustard,&nbsp;tobacco, orchard fruits, and legumes.

<ul>
	<li>Terracing&nbsp;is common in the hills of Manipur where the farmers of the state plow the ground with hand hoes.</li>
	<li>Among some of the hill tribes, domestic animals are kept only for meat and are not milked or used for hauling. Teak and bamboo are major forestry products.</li>
	<li>The Nagas&nbsp;are known to use intoxicants to catch&nbsp;fish.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;The state is a suitable place for information technology-based businesses.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>There is immense investment potential, especially in the field of agriculture and food processing.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>There are many possibilities in the field of handloom, handicrafts and tourism to attract investors in the state, the government has formulated several policies as well as several incentives to attract investors have also been announced.</li>
</ul>

GDP:&nbsp;₹ 0.231 lakh crore

Rank (as per GDP): &nbsp;29th

Growth&nbsp;(as per GDP):&nbsp;10.63% (2016-17)

Per capita GDP:&nbsp;₹286,328

Rank (GDP per capita):&nbsp;31th

Revenues:&nbsp;₹ 3.49lakh crore

Unemployment:&nbsp;11.6%

<h2>EDUCATION Manipur General Knowledge Notes:</h2>

Literacy rate of Manipur is&nbsp;79.85%&nbsp;which exceeds the national average literacy rate which stands at&nbsp;74.04%.&nbsp;The introduction of a separate education department in 1950 was a step forward towards improved educational conditions in Manipur. The education system of the state is adopted by the state government has indeed changed the face of secondary and higher secondary education in&nbsp;Manipur. The number of students who passed with first division has also increased greatly over the years.&nbsp;

<h2>SPORTS Manipur General Knowledge Notes:</h2>

The modern-day&nbsp;polo game&nbsp;is said to have its roots in&nbsp;Sagol Kangjei&nbsp;and is the traditional sport of the state. Imphal boasts of Imphal&nbsp;Polo&nbsp;Ground is the oldest one in the world. The Manipuri style of&nbsp;polo&nbsp;is known as the Pana which is different from the&nbsp;polo&nbsp;played in the international style.

Here are&nbsp;some more interesting facts about MANIPUR:

<ul>
	<li>Mukna&nbsp;is the popular folk form of wrestling that is practiced in Manipur.</li>
	<li>Red Hill &ndash;Lokpachig&nbsp;is the place in Manipur where the Japanese and the Britishers fought a memorial war during World War II.</li>
	<li>Meitei Tribe&nbsp;is the primary ethnic group of Manipur which constitutes almost 50% of the population.</li>
	<li>Manipur&nbsp;is a dry state where people relish the country liquor made from Manipuri rice.</li>
	<li>Irom Chanu Sharmila&nbsp;is known as the Iron lady of Manipur. She is a civil activist who started her hunger strike in 2000 against AFSPA and strike lasted till 2016.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, this was all about the state of Manipur that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like&nbsp;SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services&nbsp;and&nbsp;NDA&nbsp;etc.

Interesting Facts about Manipur - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know your state Manipur – Manipur General Knowledge Notes (Part 2)

In this part, we’ll be covering one of the states from Northeast India. This state is an embodiment of eternal bliss and tranquility wrapped in absolute beauty. MEGHALAYA is one such state whose literal meaning is “The Abode of Clouds”. 

Do you know which state records the highest rainfall across the globe? Which state has the tallest plunge waterfall in India? 

The capital city is Shillong which is also known as “Scotland of the East”. Shillong is a city that is known for its music, unique culture and cheerful people. Hence, it is also known as the “Rock Capital of India”.

So, let’s begin with exploring such innumerable facts and features, but before that look at the state symbols as well which form an integral part of any state – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-718-0">State Symbols of Meghalaya</h2>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital </td>
			<td>Shillong</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>English</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal </td>
			<td>Clouded Leopard </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird </td>
			<td>Hill Myna </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree </td>
			<td>Gamhar </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower </td>
			<td>Lady’s Slipper Orchid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance </td>
			<td>Doregata, Laho, etc. </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State CM (Present)</td>
			<td>Conrad Sangma </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present) </td>
			<td>Phagu Chauhan</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Coming onto the very first feature i.e. – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-718-1">Culture of Meghalaya </h2>

The culture of Meghalaya is mainly dominated by the main ethnic communities that are: The Khasi’s (of Mon-Khmer ancestry), The Garo’s (of Tibeto-Burman origin) and The Jaintia’s (from South East Asia).

<h3>Festivals:</h3>

Festivals in Meghalaya play an important role in the celebration of their life. The following points show the important festivals that one must definitely experience.

<ol>
	<li>Shad Suk Mynsiem: It is the most important festival of the Khasi Clans of Meghalaya. The festival is celebrated in the month of April every year. This festival is also known as ‘Move of cheerful hearts’ because it is an extraordinary celebration of moves. This is a three-day festival and popularly known as ‘Shad Phur’.</li>
	<li>Behdeinkhlam Festival: This is a four-day festival which is celebrated by the Jaintia Clan. The word “Behdeinkhlam” means “Chasing away the Plague” and is believed to ward off evils. It is celebrated in the month of July every year. </li>
	<li>Wangala Festival: The Wangala Festival is celebrated by the Garo people. It marks the end of the agricultural year and is a thanksgiving festival for Misi-A-Gilpa-Saljong-Galapa, the god of fertility. This festival is now popularly known as Hundred Drums Festival.</li>
	<li>The other famous festivals in Meghalaya are Autumn Festival, Strawberry Festival, Ranikor Festival and Bacardi NH7 Weekender.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Wangala" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Wangala.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Meghalaya Government Portal]

<h3>Dances and Music:</h3>

The traditional folk dances in the state of Meghalaya are generally held in public places or in open grounds. Different communities have different dance forms that are performed very beautifully.

<ol>
	<li>Doregata: This is a very popular dance form that is performed by the Khasis. In this dance form, the women try to knock off the turban of the male partners, by only using the head. No other body part is allowed to be used during this effort.</li>
	<li>Laho Dance: The Laho Dance is very popular among the Pnar Tribe. In this dance form, two men dance on either side of a woman. The dance is accompanied by a stand-up comedian who has the gift of impromptu humorous recitations. </li>
	<li>The other famous dance forms are Ka Shad Suk Mynsiem, Ka Pom Blang Nongkrem and Ka Shad Shyngwiang Thangiap.</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Laho Dance" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Laho Dance.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>English is the official language and the most spoken language. The other main languages of the state include Khasi and Garo. The other languages used are Panar, Tiwa, Baite, Nepali language.</li>
	<li>The tribes of Meghalaya i.e. Garo, Khasi and Jaintias have their own unique traditional dresses. The costumes of the Khasis include Jainsem and Tapmohkhlieh. The costumes of Khasis are same as Jaintiasare with the addition of Kyrshah, Thoh Khyrwang, Dakmanda and so on. The Garos wear Rigitok.</li>
	<li>Rice with spicy meat and fish preparations is the staple diet of the people of Meghalaya. Kyat is a local drink made of rice and beer and alcohol features in their everyday menu. Bamboo shoots are used in curry preparations and it is one of their favourites. They eat wild animals like deer, bison, wild pigs, fish, prawns, crabs, eels and dry fish.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Kyat" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Kyat.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: WanderOn]

Tucked away in the hills of eastern sub-Himalayas, Meghalaya is one of the most beautiful states in the country. Let’s explore its beauty in depth. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-718-2">Geography of Meghalaya</h2>

Nature has blessed the state with abundant rainfall, sun-shine, virgin forests, high plateaus, tumbling waterfalls, crystal clear rivers, meandering streamlets and above all with sturdy, intelligent and hospitable people.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension – 20.10N and 26.50N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension – 85.40E and 92.50 E</li>
	<li>Area – 22,429 km2</li>
</ul>

Rank in India – 22nd

<ul>
	<li>Population – 2,964,007</li>
</ul>

Rank in India – 22nd

<ul>
	<li>Boundaries: The state is bounded to the south by the Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh and Sylhet, to the west by the Bangladeshi division of Rangpur and to the north and east by Assam.</li>
	<li>With average annual rainfall as high as 12,000 mm (470 inches) in some areas, Meghalaya is the wettest place on earth.</li>
	<li>The Meghalaya forests are considered to be among the richest botanical habitats of Asia.</li>
	<li>The highest point in Meghalaya is Shillong Peak, which is a prominent IAF station in the Khasi Hills overlooking the city of Shillong. It has an altitude of 1961 m.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Shillong Peak" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Shillong Peak.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: The Times of India]

<ul>
	<li>Many rivers and streams flow out of the plateau, creating deep, narrow, steep-sided valleys; the most important is the Umiam-Barapani, which is the major source of hydroelectric power for Assam and Meghalaya states.</li>
	<li>Climate: The climate of Meghalaya depends upon its altitude. That is why Khasi and Jaintia Hills have a very soothing climate where you can rejuvenate because of their high altitude. The region of Meghalaya where the temperature is too hot and humid in summers are Garo Hills because of the low altitude.</li>
</ul>

The main influence is of rainfall which determines its climate. The western part of the state receives 2600 mm rainfall, the south-eastern part receives 4000 mm and the northern part receives 2500 to 3000 mm. It is Cherrapunji (one of the world’s wettest regions) that receives the highest rainfall somewhere around 12000 mm annually. With such a high amount of rainfall, Meghalaya is the wettest state in India. 

<ul>
	<li>The topography of Meghalaya comprises of landscapes that have a blend of mountain and plateau regions and this is why it is also known as Meghalaya Plateaus.</li>
	<li>Soil: The texture of soils varies from Loamy to fine Loamy. The soils of the alluvial plains adjacent to the northwest and southern plateau are very deep, dark brown to reddish brown in colour and sandy-loamy to silty-clayey in texture.</li>
</ul>

Now, it’s time to get into the administrative section i.e. – 
 

<h2 id="content-id-718-3">Politics of Meghalaya </h2>

The state has a Unicameral Legislature. The Legislative Assembly has 60 members – 29 from Khasi Hills, 7 from Jaintia Hills and 24 from Garo Hills.

<ul>
	<li>Meghalaya was originally comprised of two districts and three sub-divisions. In order to accelerate the pace of development and to bring the administration closer to the people, the state has been reorganized into eleven administrative districts and four sub-divisions.</li>
	<li>Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council, Garo Hills Autonomous District Council and Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council are the three Autonomous District Councils in the state.</li>
	<li>The Meghalaya High Court is the High Court of the state of Meghalaya. It was established in March 2013. Earlier, a bench of Guwahati High Court had jurisdiction over the state of Meghalaya. The seat of the High Court is at Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya. The current Chief Justice is the Hon’ble Justice Biswanath Somadder who took oath on 27 April 2020.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="High Court Meghalaya" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/High Court Meghalaya.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: E-Committee]

<ul>
	<li>Representation in the Parliament –</li>
</ul>

Lok Sabha – 2

Rajya Sabha – 1

<ul>
	<li>Present and 12th CM – Conrad Sangma (National People’s Party)</li>
	<li>Present Governor – Phagu Chauhan (from BJP since 13 February 2023)</li>
	<li>First CM – Williamson A. Sangma, a Garo leader who served from 1919 to 1990. He was also the first Governor of Mizoram.</li>
	<li>First Governor – Braj Kumar Nehru (April 1970 – September 1973)</li>
</ul>

Here are Some of the Interesting Facts of Meghalaya:

<ul>
	<li>India’s longest cave system is located in Jaintia Hills in the state of Meghalaya. The cave system is more than 22 km long and connects two separate caves in the region.</li>
	<li>In July 2018, the International Commission Stratigraphy divided the Holocene epoch into three, with the late Holocene being called the Meghalayan stage/age.</li>
	<li>Nohkaliaki Falls with a height of 1115 feet is the highest plunge type waterfall of India. This is located near Cherrapunji.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Nohkalikai falls" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Nohkalikai falls.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>The town of Sohra (Cherrapunji) in the Khasi Hills south of capital Shillong holds the world record for most rain in a calendar month, while the village of Mawsynram, near Sohra (Cherrapunji), holds the record for the most rain in a year. </li>
</ul>

Do you know about the economy of Meghalaya? Which state is mostly famous for its cleanliness?

So, let’s end this topic for now, we’ll continue with more such interesting facts and features in the next part. If you don’t want to miss it, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-meghalaya-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Meghalaya - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>’ – Part 2. Hope this will help you in boosting your preparation for competitive exams such as CDS, SSC CGL, RRB NTPC, BANK PO, etc.

In this part, we&rsquo;ll be covering one of the states from Northeast India. This state is an embodiment of eternal bliss and tranquillity wrapped in absolute beauty.&nbsp;MEGHALAYA&nbsp;is one such state whose literal meaning is &ldquo;The Abode of Clouds&rdquo;. &nbsp;

Do you know which state records the&nbsp;highest rainfall&nbsp;across the globe? Which state has the&nbsp;tallest plunge waterfall&nbsp;in India? &nbsp;

The capital city is&nbsp;Shillong&nbsp;which is also known as&nbsp;&ldquo;Scotland of the East&rdquo;. Shillong is a city that is known for its music, unique culture and cheerful people. Hence, it is also known as the&nbsp;&ldquo;Rock Capital of India&rdquo;.

So, let&rsquo;s begin with exploring such innumerable facts and features, but before that look at the state symbols as well which form an integral part of any state &ndash;

<h2>State Symbols</h2>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Shillong</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Clouded Leopard&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Hill Myna&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Gamhar&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Lady&rsquo;s Slipper Orchid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Doregata, Laho, etc.&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State CM (Present)</td>
			<td>Conrad Sangma&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present)&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Phagu Chauhan</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Coming onto the very first feature i.e. &ndash;

<h2>CULTURE&nbsp;Meghalaya GK Notes</h2>

The culture of Meghalaya is mainly dominated by the main ethnic communities that are: The Khasi&rsquo;s (of Mon-Khmer ancestry), The Garo&rsquo;s (of Tibeto-Burman origin) and The Jaintia&rsquo;s (from South East Asia).

<h3>Festivals</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Festivals in Meghalaya play an important role in the celebration of their life. The following points show the important festivals that one must definitely experience.</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Shad Suk Mynsiem&nbsp;&ndash; It is the most important festival of the Khasi Clans of Meghalaya. The festival is celebrated in the month of April every year. This festival is also known as &lsquo;Move of cheerful hearts&rsquo; because it is an extraordinary celebration of moves. This is a three-day festival and popularly known as &lsquo;Shad Phur&rsquo;.</li>
	<li>Behdeinkhlam Festival&nbsp;&ndash; This is a four-day festival which is celebrated by the Jaintia Clan. The word &ldquo;Behdeinkhlam&rdquo; means &ldquo;Chasing away the Plague&rdquo; and is believed to ward off evils. It is celebrated in the month of July every year. &nbsp;</li>
	<li>Wangala Festival &ndash;&nbsp;The Wangala Festival is celebrated by the Garo people. It marks the end of the agricultural year and is a thanksgiving festival for&nbsp;Misi-A-Gilpa-Saljong-Galapa, the god of fertility. This festival is now popularly known as Hundred Drums Festival.</li>
	<li>The other famous festivals in Meghalaya are Autumn Festival, Strawberry Festival, Ranikor Festival and Bacardi NH7 Weekender.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Dances and Music</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The traditional folk dances in the state of Meghalaya are generally held in public places or in open grounds. Different communities have different dance forms that are performed very beautifully.</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>Doregata&nbsp;&ndash; This is a very popular dance form that is performed by the Khasis. In this dance form, the women try to knock off the turban of the male partners, by only using the head. No other body part is allowed to be used during this effort.</li>
	<li>Laho Dance&nbsp;&ndash; The Laho Dance is very popular among the Pnar Tribe. In this dance form, two men dance on either side of a woman. The dance is accompanied by a stand-up comedian who has the gift of impromptu humorous recitations. &nbsp;</li>
	<li>The other famous dance forms are Ka Shad Suk Mynsiem, Ka Pom Blang Nongkrem and Ka Shad Shyngwiang Thangiap.</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>English&nbsp;is the official language and the most spoken language. The other main languages of the state include Khasi and Garo. The other languages used are Panar, Tiwa, Baite, Nepali language.</li>
	<li>The tribes of Meghalaya i.e. Garo, Khasi and Jaintias have their own unique traditional dresses. The costumes of the Khasis include Jainsem and Tapmohkhlieh. The costumes of Khasis are same as Jaintiasare with the addition of Kyrshah, Thoh Khyrwang, Dakmanda and so on. The Garos wear Rigitok.</li>
	<li>Rice with spicy meat and fish preparations is the staple diet of the people of Meghalaya.&nbsp;Kyat&nbsp;is a local drink made of rice and beer and alcohol features in their everyday menu. Bamboo shoots are used in curry preparations and it is one of their favourites. They eat wild animals like deer, bison, wild pigs, fish, prawns, crabs, eels and dry fish.</li>
</ul>

Tucked away in the hills of eastern sub-Himalayas, Meghalaya is one of the most beautiful states in the country. Let&rsquo;s explore its beauty in depth.

<h2>GEOGRAPHY</h2>

Nature has blessed the state with abundant rainfall, sun-shine, virgin forests, high plateaus, tumbling waterfalls, crystal clear rivers, meandering streamlets and above all with sturdy, intelligent and hospitable people.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;20.10N and 26.50N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;85.40E and 92.50&nbsp;E</li>
	<li>Area &ndash;&nbsp;22,429 km2</li>
</ul>

Rank in India&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;22nd

<ul>
	<li>Population &ndash;&nbsp;2,964,007</li>
</ul>

Rank in India&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;22nd

<ul>
	<li>Boundaries&nbsp;&ndash; The state is bounded to the south by the Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh and Sylhet, to the west by the Bangladeshi division of Rangpur and to the north and east by Assam.</li>
	<li>With average annual rainfall as high as 12,000 mm (470 inches) in some areas,&nbsp;Meghalaya is the wettest place on earth.</li>
	<li>The Meghalaya forests are considered to be among the richest botanical habitats of Asia.</li>
	<li>The highest point in Meghalaya is&nbsp;Shillong Peak, which is a prominent&nbsp;IAF station in the Khasi Hills&nbsp;overlooking the city of Shillong. It has an altitude of 1961 m.</li>
	<li>Many rivers and streams flow out of the plateau, creating deep, narrow, steep-sided valleys; the most important is the&nbsp;Umiam-Barapani, which is the major source of hydroelectric power for Assam and Meghalaya states.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Climate&nbsp;&ndash; The climate of Meghalaya depends upon its altitude. That is why Khasi and Jaintia Hills have a very soothing climate where you can rejuvenate because of their high altitude. The region of Meghalaya where the temperature is too hot and humid in summers are Garo Hills because of the low altitude.</li>
</ul>

The main influence is of rainfall which determines its climate. The western part of the state receives 2600 mm rainfall, the south-eastern part receives 4000 mm and the northern part receives 2500 to 3000 mm. It is&nbsp;Cherrapunji (one of the world&rsquo;s wettest regions)&nbsp;that receives the highest rainfall somewhere around 12000 mm annually. With such a high amount of rainfall, Meghalaya is the wettest state in India. &nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>The topography of Meghalaya comprises of landscapes that have a blend of mountain and plateau regions and this is why it is also known as&nbsp;Meghalaya Plateaus.</li>
	<li>Soil&nbsp;&ndash; The texture of soils varies from Loamy to fine Loamy. The soils of the alluvial plains adjacent to the northwest and southern plateau are very deep, dark brown to reddish brown in colour and sandy-loamy to silty-clayey in texture.</li>
</ul>

Now, it&rsquo;s time to get into the administrative section i.e. &ndash;

<h2>POLITICS&nbsp;Meghalaya GK Notes</h2>

The state has a&nbsp;Unicameral Legislature. The Legislative Assembly has 60 members &ndash; 29 from Khasi Hills, 7 from Jaintia Hills and 24 from Garo Hills.

<ul>
	<li>Meghalaya was originally comprised of two districts and three sub-divisions. In order to accelerate the pace of development and to bring the administration closer to the people, the state has been reorganized into&nbsp;eleven administrative districts&nbsp;and&nbsp;four sub-divisions.</li>
	<li>Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council, Garo Hills Autonomous District Council and Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council&nbsp;are the three Autonomous District Councils in the state.</li>
	<li>The Meghalaya High Court is the High Court of the state of Meghalaya. It was established in&nbsp;March 2013. Earlier, a bench of Guwahati High Court had jurisdiction over the state of Meghalaya. The seat of the High Court is at Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya. The current Chief Justice is the Hon&rsquo;ble Justice&nbsp;Biswanath Somadder&nbsp;who took oath on&nbsp;27 April 2020.</li>
	<li>Representation in the Parliament &ndash;</li>
</ul>

Lok Sabha &ndash;&nbsp;2

Rajya Sabha &ndash;&nbsp;1

<ul>
	<li>Present and 12th&nbsp;CM &ndash;&nbsp;Conrad Sangma&nbsp;(National People&rsquo;s Party)</li>
</ul>

Present Governor &ndash;&nbsp;Phagu Chauhan&nbsp;(from BJP since 13 February 2023)

<ul>
	<li>First CM &ndash;&nbsp;Williamson A. Sangma, a Garo leader who served from 1919 to 1990. He was also the&nbsp;first Governor of Mizoram.</li>
</ul>

First Governor &ndash;&nbsp;Braj Kumar Nehru&nbsp;(April 1970 &ndash; September 1973)

Here are&nbsp;Some of the Interesting Facts of Meghalaya&nbsp;&ndash;

<ul>
	<li>India&rsquo;s longest cave system&nbsp;is located in Jaintia Hills in the state of Meghalaya. The cave system is more than 22 km long and connects two separate caves in the region.</li>
	<li>In July 2018, the International Commission Stratigraphy divided the&nbsp;Holocene epoch&nbsp;into three, with the late Holocene being called the Meghalayan stage/age.</li>
	<li>Nohkaliaki Falls&nbsp;with a height of 1115 feet is the highest&nbsp;plunge type waterfall&nbsp;of India. This is located near Cherrapunji.</li>
	<li>The town of&nbsp;Sohra (Cherrapunji)&nbsp;in the Khasi Hills south of capital Shillong holds the world record for most rain in a calendar month, while the village of&nbsp;Mawsynram, near Sohra (Cherrapunji), holds the record for the most rain in a year. &nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Do you know about the economy of Meghalaya? Which state is mostly famous for its cleanliness?

So, let&rsquo;s end this topic for now, we&rsquo;ll continue with more such interesting facts and features in the next part. If you don&rsquo;t want to miss it, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Meghalaya&rsquo; &ndash; Part 2. Hope this will help you in boosting your preparation for competitive exams such as&nbsp;CDS, SSC CGL, RRB NTPC, BANK PO, etc. &nbsp;

Interesting Facts about Meghalaya - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Know Your state Meghalaya – Meghalaya GK Notes (Part 1)

In our previous article, we took a glance at the social and cultural, geographical and political aspects of Meghalaya. If you haven’t read that already, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-meghalaya-geography-climate-and-culture-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Meghalaya - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes</a>’ – Part 1. Now, here we will dive deep into other vital aspects of one of the most pulchritudinous states in Northeast India i.e., Meghalaya.

What are the economic aspects of Meghalaya? Where is the Monoliths of Nartiangs situated? In which part of India is the Spread Eagle fall located?

Meghalaya is one of the Seven Sisters States of North-eastern India. Meghalaya is considered as the wettest state in the country. The capital of Meghalaya, Shillong is known as Scotland of the East because it is a hill station and has rolling hills and narrow lanes that remind of Scotland.

Let’s study about the historical background of Meghalaya. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-719-0">History of Meghalaya</h2>

Meghalaya has been known for its archaeological significance. People have lived in this region since the Neolithic age. The importance of Meghalaya is its possible role in human history through production of rice. India is the center of greatest diversity of domesticated rice with over 20,000 identified species and Northeast India is the most favorable single area of the origin of domesticated rice. The limited paleethnology done in the Meghalaya region suggests human settlement since ancient times.

<ul>
	<li>Only a flash is known of Meghalaya, the most important Khasi kingdom was a well-built kingdom in the chronicles of the neighboring regions Ahoms and Kacharis.</li>
	<li>The Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes had their own kingdoms until most of the local rulers had submitted to the British By the mid-1830s.</li>
	<li> In the early 19th century, however, the British desire to build a road through the region to link Bengal and Assam led to a treaty (1827) with the ruler of the Khasi principality of Nonkhlaw.</li>
	<li>For the next century, the British exercised political control over the region called as the Garrows and Khasi States, but the tribes were able to preserve their traditional way of life in isolation.</li>
	<li>Before attaining full statehood, Meghalaya was given semi-autonomous status in 1970.</li>
	<li>Meghalaya was formed by carving out two districts from the state of Assam: the United Khasi Hills and Jaintia Hills and the Garo Hills. </li>
	<li>Meghalaya became a fully-fledged state on January 21, 1972. This date became an important landmark in the history of the State Meghalaya. The name of the sate means ‘The Abode of Clouds’ which was coined by Dr. S.P. Chatterjee and became the 21st State of India. </li>
</ul>

Now let’s jump to the next attribute of the state i.e. environment. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-719-1">Environment of Meghalaya </h2>

Meghalaya is the home of clouds and serves as the loveliest ecological hotspot. Meghalaya is one of the cleanest states of India. Nature is responsibly embraced by the locals who have kept the state in pure and serene condition. Meghalaya has been on the top of cleanliness quotient and the habitants of Meghalaya needed to be praised for such an achievement. 

<ul>
	<li>Meghalaya is geographically termed the Shillong Plateau or the Meghalaya Plateau. The geography in Meghalaya is its rock formations which are the oldest.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Meghalaya has many rivers. Most of these are rain-fed and seasonal. The important rivers in the Garo Hills region are Ganol, Daring, Sanda, Bandra, Bugai, Dareng, Simsang, Nitai and the Bhupai.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Ganol River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Ganol River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>The State of Meghalaya is endowed with large deposits of several valuable minerals such as coal, limestone, kaolin, clay, granite, glass-sand and uranium.</li>
	<li>Meghalaya is in the process of constructing dams on two rivers: the Mawphu dam across river Umiew and Myntdu dam across river Myntdu in East Khasi Hills and West Jaintia Hills districts discretely.</li>
	<li>There are two National Parks and two wildlife sanctuaries in Meghalaya namely Balpakram National Park, Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Nongkhyllem Sanctuary, Siju Bird Sanctuary.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Balpakram" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Balpakram.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Let’s switch to the last aspect of Meghalaya i.e. economic aspect. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-719-2">Economy of Meghalaya </h2>

Meghalaya is predominantly an agrarian economy. Agriculture and allied activities engage nearly two-thirds of the total workforce in Meghalaya. Agriculture in the state is characterized by low productivity and unsustainable farm practices. The important crops are potatoes, rice, maize, pineapples, bananas, papayas, spices, etc. . Communal land ownership is common, but jhum cultivation (shifting cultivation) has eroded the soil. The sillimanite deposits i.e. source of high-grade ceramic clay of the state are reputedly the best in the world and accounted for almost all of India’s sillimanite output.

GDP: ₹ 0.330 lakh crore

Rank: 26th

Per capita GDP: ₹364,941

Per capita GDP Rank: 28th

Let’s talk about the educational and sports status of Meghalaya. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-719-3">Education of Meghalaya </h2>

According to the data collected in the 2001 census, approximately 63.31% of the occupants of the state of Meghalaya are literate. In the sphere of education,the policy of free and compulsory education for all the children under the age group of 14 years has been espoused. Regular education in Meghalaya began when the Khasi alphabet was proposed in 1842 by the Welsh missionary Thomas Jones. For the Garo Hills area, the Garo alphabet was developed in 1902 by American missionaries. No strict rules required natives of the colonies to be well educated, so only a few primary schools were functioning at the colonial time. The first college was established in Shillong in 1924 by the Christian Brothers of Ireland.  
 

<h2 id="content-id-719-4">Sports of Meghalaya</h2>

Meghalaya has been a state that lives and breathes sports, especially football, since its inception in 1972 when it became a separate state from Assam. Archery locally known as Teer is a prominent sport of Meghalaya. Archery is one of the important parts of the culture of the Meghalaya local people.

Here are some more interesting facts about MEGHALAYA:

<ul>
	<li>Mawlynnong in Meghalaya is the cleanest village in India.</li>
	<li>Approximately 70% of the population in Meghalaya practices Christianity as their religion. The remaining 13% pursue Hinduism and 4% practice Islam.</li>
	<li>The tree root bridges of Cherrapunji, Meghalaya are made of roots of living trees. This resembles a suspension bridge.</li>
	<li>Krem liat prah cave is the longest natural cave in Jaintia hills. It is known for its enormous trunk passage, the aircraft hangar.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="KLP" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/KLP.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: The Times of India]

<ul>
	<li>Mysterious world cup insect found in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya remain underground and come up only in four years, typically one month prior to the soccer world cup.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="World Cup Insect" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/World Cup Insect.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: India Today]

Therefore, these were all the chief necessitate facts about Meghalaya that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services and NDA etc.

In our previous article, we took a glance at the social and cultural, geographical and political aspects of Meghalaya. If you haven&rsquo;t read that already, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Meghalaya&rsquo; &ndash; Part 1. Now, here we will dive deep into other vital aspects of one of the most pulchritudinous states in Northeast India i.e., Meghalaya.

What are the economic aspects of Meghalaya? Where is&nbsp;the Monoliths of Nartiangs situated? In which part of India is the Spread Eagle fall located?

Meghalaya is one of the Seven Sisters States of North-eastern India. Meghalaya is considered as the wettest state in the country. The capital of Meghalaya,&nbsp;Shillong&nbsp;is known as&nbsp;Scotland of the East&nbsp;because it is a hill station and has rolling hills and narrow lanes that remind of Scotland.

Let&rsquo;s study about the historical background of Meghalaya.

<h2>HISTORY Meghalaya GK Notes:</h2>

Meghalaya has been known for its archaeological significance. People have lived in this region since the Neolithic age. The importance of Meghalaya is its possible role in human history through production of rice. India is the center of greatest diversity of domesticated rice with over 20,000 identified species and Northeast India is the most favorable single area of the origin of domesticated rice. The limited paleethnology done in the Meghalaya region suggests human settlement since ancient times.

<ul>
	<li>Only a flash is known of Meghalaya, the most important&nbsp;Khasi kingdom&nbsp;was a well-built kingdom in the chronicles of the neighboring regions&nbsp;Ahoms&nbsp;and Kacharis.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes&nbsp;had their own kingdoms until most of the local rulers had submitted to the British By the mid-1830s.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;In the early 19th century, however, the British desire to build a road through the region to link&nbsp;Bengal&nbsp;and&nbsp;Assam&nbsp;led to a treaty (1827) with the&nbsp;ruler of the Khasi principality of Nonkhlaw.</li>
	<li>For the next century, the British exercised political control over the region called&nbsp;as the Garrows and Khasi States, but the tribes were able to preserve their traditional way of life in isolation.</li>
	<li>Before attaining full statehood, Meghalaya was given semi-autonomous status in 1970.</li>
	<li>Meghalaya was formed by carving out two districts from the state of&nbsp;Assam: the United&nbsp;Khasi Hills&nbsp;and&nbsp;Jaintia Hills&nbsp;and the&nbsp;Garo Hills.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Meghalaya became a fully-fledged state on&nbsp;January 21, 1972. This date became an important landmark in the history of the State&nbsp;Meghalaya. The name of the sate means&nbsp;&lsquo;The Abode of Clouds&rsquo; which was coined&nbsp;by&nbsp;Dr. S.K. Chatterjee&nbsp;and became the 21st&nbsp;State of India.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Now let&rsquo;s jump to the next attribute of the state i.e. environment.

<h2>ENVIRONMENT Meghalaya GK Notes:</h2>

Meghalaya is the home of clouds and serves as the loveliest ecological hotspot. Meghalaya is one of the cleanest states of India. Nature is responsibly embraced by the locals who have kept the state in pure and serene condition. Meghalaya has been on the top of cleanliness quotient and the habitants of Meghalaya needed to be praised for such an achievement.&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Meghalaya is geographically termed&nbsp;the Shillong Plateau or the Meghalaya Plateau. The geography in Meghalaya is its rock formations which are the oldest.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Meghalaya has many rivers. Most of these are rain-fed and seasonal. The important rivers in the Garo Hills region are Ganol, Daring, Sanda, Bandra, Bugai,&nbsp;Dareng,&nbsp;Simsang,&nbsp;Nitai&nbsp;and the Bhupai.</li>
	<li>The State of&nbsp;Meghalaya&nbsp;is endowed with large deposits of several valuable&nbsp;minerals&nbsp;such as&nbsp;coal, limestone, kaolin, clay, granite, glass-sand and uranium.</li>
	<li>Meghalaya&nbsp;is in the process of constructing&nbsp;dams&nbsp;on two rivers:&nbsp;the Mawphu&nbsp;dam&nbsp;across river Umiew and&nbsp;Myntdu&nbsp;dam&nbsp;across river Myntdu in East Khasi Hills and West Jaintia Hills districts discretely.</li>
	<li>There are&nbsp;two&nbsp;National Parks and&nbsp;two&nbsp;wildlife sanctuaries in Meghalaya namely&nbsp;Balpakram National Park, Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Nongkhyllem Sanctuary, Siju Bird Sanctuary.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s switch to the last aspect of Meghalaya i.e. economic aspect.

<h2>ECONOMY Meghalaya GK Notes:</h2>

Meghalaya is predominantly an&nbsp;agrarian economy. Agriculture and allied activities engage nearly two-thirds of the total workforce in Meghalaya. Agriculture in the state is characterized by low productivity and unsustainable farm practices. The important crops are potatoes, rice, maize,&nbsp;pineapples, bananas, papayas, spices, etc.&nbsp;. Communal land ownership is common, but&nbsp;jhum cultivation&nbsp;(shifting cultivation) has eroded the soil. The sillimanite deposits i.e. source of high-grade ceramic clay of the state are reputedly the best in the world and accounted for almost all of India&rsquo;s sillimanite output.

GDP:&nbsp;₹ 0.330 lakh crore

Rank:&nbsp;&nbsp;26th

Per capita GDP:&nbsp;₹364,941

Per capita GDP Rank:&nbsp;28th

Let&rsquo;s talk about the educational and sports status of Meghalaya.

<h2>EDUCATION Meghalaya GK Notes:</h2>

According to the data collected in the 2001 census, approximately&nbsp;63.31%&nbsp;of the occupants of the state of Meghalaya are literate.&nbsp;In the sphere of education,the policy of free and compulsory education for all the children under the age group of 14 years has been espoused. Regular education in&nbsp;Meghalaya&nbsp;began when the&nbsp;Khasi alphabet&nbsp;was proposed in 1842 by&nbsp;the&nbsp;Welsh&nbsp;missionary&nbsp;Thomas Jones. For the&nbsp;Garo Hills&nbsp;area, the&nbsp;Garo alphabet&nbsp;was developed in 1902 by&nbsp;American missionaries. No strict rules required natives of the colonies to be well educated, so only a few primary schools were functioning at the colonial time. The&nbsp;first college&nbsp;was established in&nbsp;Shillong&nbsp;in 1924&nbsp;by the&nbsp;Christian Brothers of Ireland.&nbsp;

<h2>SPORTS Meghalaya GK Notes:</h2>

Meghalaya has been a state that lives and breathes sports, especially&nbsp;football, since its inception in 1972 when it became a separate state from Assam.&nbsp;Archery locally known as&nbsp;Teer&nbsp;is a prominent sport of Meghalaya. Archery is one of the important parts of the culture of the Meghalaya local people.

Here are&nbsp;some more interesting facts about MEGHALAYA:

<ul>
	<li>Mawlynnong in Meghalaya&nbsp;is the cleanest village in India.</li>
	<li>Approximately&nbsp;70%&nbsp;of the population in Meghalaya practices Christianity as their religion. The remaining 13% pursue Hinduism and 4% practice Islam.</li>
	<li>The tree root bridges of Cherrapunji, Meghalaya&nbsp;are made of roots of living trees. This resembles a suspension bridge.</li>
	<li>Krem lait prah&nbsp;cave&nbsp;is the longest natural cave in Jaintia hills. It is known for its enormous trunk passage, the aircraft hangar.</li>
	<li>Mysterious world cup insect&nbsp;found in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya remain underground and come up only in four years, typically one month prior to the soccer world cup.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, these were all the chief necessitate facts about Meghalaya that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like&nbsp;SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services&nbsp;and&nbsp;NDA&nbsp;etc.

Interesting Facts about Meghalaya - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your state Meghalaya – Meghalaya GK Notes (Part 2)

In this write-up, all of us will explore the state of Mizoram which literally means Land of the Hill People. Mizoram is a land of dramatic seas of morning mists that enfold islands of hills and peaks. The state is blessed with a diverse range of geographical features. It has a wide range of religious customs and cultural beauty. We will be rooting about the cultural, geographical and political aspects of the state.

Which state is famous for Bamboo dance? What are the political attributes of Mizoram? From which part of India does the Tropic of Cancer pass?

Mizoram is a mountainous state nestling in the southern tip of the north-east region of India. Mizoram is the land of the highlanders who belong to the Mongoloid race, radiates an exotic charm of its own. There are abundant forests dominated by thick bamboo groves, numerous waterfalls, special landmarks of countless legends and scenic villages of houses built on stilts. Culturally, it is liberated from cast and gender bars. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-721-0">State Symbols of Mizoram </h2>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Aizawl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Mizo, English</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Red vanda (senhri)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Cobra saffron</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Serow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Vavu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State dance</td>
			<td>Bamboo Dance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor(Present)</td>
			<td>Dr. Kambhampati Haribabu </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister(Present)</td>
			<td>Zoramthanga</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let’s study the first aspect of Mizoram i.e. culture 
 

<h2 id="content-id-721-1">Culture of Mizoram </h2>

Mizo Culture is the culture of the Mizo people. Mizo culture is rooted in the arts and ways of life of Mizo’s in India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. The Mizos are vibrant, highly cultured and sociable people. The Mizo people formed one of the important hill tribes of the Indian subcontinent. Their traditional cherished beliefs, values with various social religious practices as well as culture have given them a distinct Mizo identity.

<ul>
	<li>Mizo is the official language of Mizoram, along with English.</li>
	<li>The folk music consists of vocals practiced by traditional drums, gong and other native percussion instruments.</li>
	<li>Mizo people have a number of dances which are consummated with few musical instruments like the gong and drum. The different dances of Mizoram are Cheraw dance, Khuallam, Chheihlam, Chailam, Tlanglam, Sarlamkai and Chawnglaizawn.</li>
	<li>Cheraw dance commonly known as Bamboo Dance is a very old traditional dance of the Mizos and the most famous dance form of Mizoram.</li>
	<li>Traditional festivals in Mizoram rotate around the stages of jhum cultivation or the harvest season. The major festivals are Chapchar Kut, Thalfavang Kut, Mim Kut and Pawl Kut.</li>
	<li>Mizoram shares characteristics with other regions of Northeast India and North India. The staple food of most of the Mizo people in the state is rice, with meat and vegetables served on the side, ranging from the homely bai, a simple vegetable stew, non-vegetarian stew with sesame, garlic, onion and herbs.</li>
	<li>Solomon’s Temple in Aizawl, Mizoram is constructed by Kohhran Thianghlim which is translated as ‘The Holy Church’ in English. The church was founded by Dr. L.B. Sailo in 1984 and is the biggest church in Mizoram.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Solomon's Temple" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Solomon's Temple.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Now let’s dive into its geography. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-721-2">Geography of Mizoram </h2>

Mizoram is a land of rolling hills, valleys, rivers and lakes situated in the Northeastern part of India. It was known as the Lushai Hills District of Assam before it was renamed the Mizo Hills District in 1954. Mizoram is known for its pristine hills and caves. Mizoram is considered by many as a beautiful place due to its dramatic landscape and pleasant climate. 

<ul>
	<li>Total Area – 21,081km2</li>
</ul>

Area Rank in India – 25th 

<ul>
	<li>Total Population – 1,091,014</li>
</ul>

Population Rank in India – 28th

<ul>
	<li>Latitude extension – 21°56’ N to 24°31’ N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal extension – 92°16’ E to 93°26’ E</li>
	<li>Mizoram is the fifth smallest state of India with 21,087 km2.</li>
	<li>Tropic of Cancer passes through India at Aizawl at 23.5° latitude.</li>
	<li>The state is circumscribed by Myanmar to the east and south, Bangladesh to the west and Tripura to the northwest, Assam to the north, and Manipur to the northeast. </li>
	<li>Geologically, the Mizo Hills form a part of the Rakhine Mountains which is a series of compact parallel ridges with a north-south axis formed of all Cenozoic rocks like sandstone, limestone and shale.</li>
	<li>Phawngpui Tlang, well known as the Blue Mountain located in the southeastern part of the state, is the highest peak in Mizoram at 2,210 metres.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Solomon's Temple.webp" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Blue Mountain.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>About 76% of the state is covered by forests, 8% is fallow land and 3% is barren and considered to be uncultivable area, while cultivable and sown area constitutes the rest.</li>
	<li>The biggest river in Mizoram is Chhimtuipui. The other most important and useful rivers are the Tlawng, Tut, Tuirial and Tuivawl which flow through the northern territory. The rivers have a gentle drainage gradient in the south.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Kaladan river" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Kaladan river.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Palak Lake situated in Saiha district of southern Mizoram is the biggest in Mizoram and covers over 30 hectares. It is believed that the lake was created as a result of an earthquake or a flood. </li>
</ul>

<img alt="Palak Lake" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Palak Lake.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Mizoram Tourism] 
 

<h2 id="content-id-721-3">Climate of Mizoram</h2>

Mizoram has a mild climate, being relatively cool in summer with an average temperature of 20°C to 29 °C but progressively warmer, most probably due to climate change temperatures crosses over 30°C and winter temperatures ranging from 7 to 22 °C. The region is influenced by monsoons, heavily raining from May to September with little rain in the dry and cold season. The climate pattern is moist tropical to moist sub-tropical, with average state rainfall of 254 cm. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-721-4">Soil Type of Mizoram</h2>

Mizoram has primarily sand-loamy and clay-loamy soil rich in organic carbon and moderately rich in available potash. Due to high rainfall, the soil becomes acidic which ranges from 4.5-5.6 pH.

Now let’s talk about the political aspects of Mizoram. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-721-5">Government and Politics of Mizoram </h2>

The basic governmental structure of Mizoram, like that of most other Indian states, is determined by the national constitution of 1950. The governor, appointed by the president of India, is the head of state. He/She is assisted by the chief minister and the Council of Ministers. Presently, the Legislative Assembly of Mizoram is unicameral. The state is divided into 11 administrative districts, each headed by a deputy commissioner. The High Court of the state is situated in Guwahati, Assam and a permanent bench is in Aizawl, Mizoram. Lower courts include district council and village courts. In Mizoram, the judiciary is not separate from the executive branch of government.

<h4>Representation of Mizoram in Parliament:</h4>

Assembly seats (unicameral): 40

First Governor of Mizoram: Hiteswar Saikia

First Chief Minister of Mizoram: Ch Chhunga

Here comes SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT MIZORAM:

<ul>
	<li>Sibuta LungSibuta Lung is one of the most popular sites in Mizoram. Sibuta Lung is a memorial stone that was erected about 300 years ago by the Palian chief. The memorial Sibuta Lung offers a story of jilted love and lust for revenge.</li>
	<li>Majority of the tribes residing in Mizoram migrated from neighboring countries around 1500AD.</li>
	<li>Pukzing Cave, Marpara is the largest lake in Mizoram. It is believed that it was carved just out of a Hairpin by a man named Maulzavata.</li>
	<li>Milu Puk cave in Mizoram which was discovered some years ago was found to be full of heaps of human skeleton.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Milu Puk Cave" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Milu Puk Cave.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Telegraph India]

<ul>
	<li>In Mizo culture, the groom must pay a certain prize to the bride’s family to seek her in a matrimonial alliance.</li>
</ul>

Hope this article made most of your facts clear about Mizoram. In our upcoming write-up, we will be discussing other important aspects of Mizoram.

When did Mizo hill become a part of British India? What are the environmental aspects of Mizoram?Which state of India had faced the Mautam Famine?

In our upcoming blog, the factors corresponding to these questions will be answered surely. If you don’t want to miss it, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-mizoram-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Mizoram - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>’ – Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your competitive exams such as SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA, etc.

Thank You

In this write-up, all of us will explore the state of&nbsp;Mizoram&nbsp;which literally means&nbsp;Land of the Hill People.&nbsp;Mizoram is a land of dramatic seas of morning mists that enfold islands of hills and peaks.&nbsp;The state is blessed with a diverse range of geographical features. It has a wide range of religious customs and cultural beauty. We will be rooting about the cultural, geographical and political aspects of the state.

Which state is famous&nbsp;for Bamboo dance? What are the&nbsp;political attributes of Mizoram? From which part of India does the&nbsp;Tropic of Cancer passes?

Mizoram&nbsp;is a mountainous state nestling in the southern tip of the north-east region of India.&nbsp;Mizoram is the land of the highlanders who belong to the Mongoloid race, radiates an exotic charm of its own.&nbsp; There are abundant forests dominated by thick bamboo groves, numerous waterfalls, special landmarks of countless legends and scenic villages of houses built on stilts. Culturally, it is liberated from cast and gender bars.

<h2>STATE SYMBOLS OF MIZORAM Mizoram GK Notes:</h2>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Aizawl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower</td>
			<td>Red vanda (senhri)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Cobra saffron</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Serow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Vavu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State dance</td>
			<td>Bamboo Dance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor( PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Dr. Kambhampati Haribabu&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister(PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Zoramthanga</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let&rsquo;s study the first aspect of Mizoram i.e. culture

<h2>CULTURE Mizoram GK Notes:</h2>

Mizo Culture&nbsp;is the culture of the&nbsp;Mizo people. Mizo culture is rooted in the arts and ways of life of&nbsp;Mizo&rsquo;s in&nbsp;India,&nbsp;Bangladesh&nbsp;and&nbsp;Myanmar.&nbsp;The&nbsp;Mizos&nbsp;are vibrant, highly cultured and sociable people. The&nbsp;Mizo people&nbsp;formed one of the important hill tribes of the Indian subcontinent. Their traditional cherished beliefs, values with various social religious practices as well as&nbsp;culture&nbsp;have given them a distinct&nbsp;Mizo&nbsp;identity.

<ul>
	<li>Mizo&nbsp;is the official language of Mizoram, along with English.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;folk music&nbsp;consists of vocals practiced by traditional&nbsp;drums,&nbsp;gong&nbsp;and other native percussion instruments.</li>
	<li>Mizo people have a number of dances which are consummated with few musical instruments like the gong and drum. The different dances of Mizoram are&nbsp;Cheraw dance, Khuallam, Chheihlam, Chailam, Tlanglam, Sarlamkai and Chawnglaizawn.</li>
	<li>Cheraw dance commonly known as Bamboo Dance&nbsp;is a very old traditional dance of the Mizos and the most famous dance form of Mizoram.</li>
	<li>Traditional festivals in Mizoram rotate around the stages of jhum cultivation or the harvest season. The major festivals are&nbsp;Chapchar Kut,&nbsp;Thalfavang Kut,&nbsp;Mim Kut&nbsp;and&nbsp;Pawl Kut.</li>
	<li>Mizoram&nbsp;shares characteristics with other regions of&nbsp;Northeast India&nbsp;and North India. The&nbsp;staple food&nbsp;of most of the Mizo people in the state is&nbsp;rice, with meat and vegetables served on the side, ranging from the homely bai, a simple vegetable stew, non-vegetarian stew with sesame, garlic, onion and herbs.</li>
	<li>Solomon&rsquo;s Temple&nbsp;in&nbsp;Aizawl,&nbsp;Mizoram&nbsp;is constructed by&nbsp;Kohhran Thianghlim which is translated as&nbsp;&lsquo;The Holy Church&rsquo;&nbsp;in English. The church was founded by&nbsp;Dr. L.B. Sailo in 1984&nbsp;and is the biggest church in Mizoram.</li>
</ul>

Now let&rsquo;s plunge about its geography.

<h2>GEOGRAPHY Mizoram GK Notes:</h2>

Mizoram is a land of rolling hills, valleys,&nbsp;rivers&nbsp;and&nbsp;lakes&nbsp;situated in the Northeastern part of India. It was known as&nbsp;the Lushai Hills District of Assam&nbsp;before it was renamed the Mizo Hills District in 1954. Mizoram is known for its pristine hills and caves. Mizoram is considered by many as a beautiful place due to its dramatic landscape and pleasant climate.&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Total Area: 21,081km2</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Area Rank in India: 25th&nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Total Population: 1,091,014</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Population Rank in India: 28th

Latitude extension:&nbsp;21&deg;56&rsquo; N to 24&deg;31&rsquo; N

Longitudinal extension:&nbsp;92&deg;16&rsquo; E to 93&deg;26&rsquo; E

<ul>
	<li>Mizoram is&nbsp;the fifth smallest state&nbsp;of India&nbsp;with 21,087&nbsp;km2.</li>
	<li>Tropic of Cancer&nbsp;passes through India at Aizawl at 23.5&deg; latitude.</li>
	<li>The state is circumscribed by&nbsp;Myanmar&nbsp;to the east and south,&nbsp;Bangladesh&nbsp;to the west and&nbsp;Tripura&nbsp;to the northwest,&nbsp;Assam&nbsp;to the north, and&nbsp;Manipur&nbsp;to the northeast.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Geologically, the&nbsp;Mizo Hills&nbsp;form a part of the&nbsp;Rakhine Mountains which is a series of compact parallel ridges with a north-south axis formed of all Cenozoic rocks like sandstone, limestone and shale.</li>
	<li>Phawngpui Tlang&nbsp;well known as&nbsp;the Blue Mountain&nbsp;located in the southeastern part of the state is the highest peak in Mizoram at 2,210 metres.</li>
	<li>About&nbsp;76%&nbsp;of the state is covered by forests,&nbsp;8%&nbsp;is fallows land and&nbsp;3%&nbsp;is barren and considered to be uncultivable area, while cultivable and sown area constitutes the rest.</li>
	<li>The biggest river in Mizoram is&nbsp;Chhimtuipui.&nbsp;The other most important and useful rivers are&nbsp;the&nbsp;Tlawng,&nbsp;Tut,&nbsp;Tuirial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Tuivawl&nbsp;which flow through the northern territory. The rivers have a gentle drainage gradient in the south.</li>
	<li>Palak Lake&nbsp;situated in Saiha district of southern Mizoram is the biggest in Mizoram and covers over 30 hectares. It is believed that the lake was created as a result of an earthquake or a flood.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h2>Climate Mizoram GK Notes:</h2>

Mizoram has a mild climate, being relatively cool in summer with an average temperature of&nbsp;20&deg;C to 29&nbsp;&deg;C&nbsp;but progressively warmer, most probably due to climate change temperatures crosses over 30&deg;C and winter temperatures ranging from&nbsp;7 to 22&nbsp;&deg;C. The region is influenced by&nbsp;monsoons, heavily raining from&nbsp;May to September&nbsp;with little rain in the dry and cold season. The climate pattern is moist tropical to moist sub-tropical, with average state rainfall of&nbsp;254 cm.

<h3>Soil Type:</h3>

Mizoram has primarily&nbsp;sand-loamy&nbsp;and&nbsp;clay-loamy soil&nbsp;rich in organic carbon and moderately rich in available potash. Due to high&nbsp;rainfall, the soil becomes acidic which ranges from&nbsp;4.5-5.6 pH.

Now let&rsquo;s talk about the political aspects of Mizoram.

<h2>GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Mizoram GK Notes:</h2>

The basic governmental structure of Mizoram, like that of most other Indian states, is determined by the national constitution of 1950. The&nbsp;governor, appointed by the president of&nbsp;India, is the head of state. He/She is assisted by the chief minister and the Council of Ministers. Presently, the Legislative Assembly of Mizoram is&nbsp;unicameral. The state is divided into 11 administrative districts, each headed by a&nbsp;deputy commissioner. The High Court of the state is situated in&nbsp;Guwahati, Assam&nbsp;and a permanent bench is in&nbsp;Aizawl, Mizoram. Lower courts include district council and village courts. In Mizoram, the judiciary is not separate from the&nbsp;executive branch&nbsp;of government.

<h4>Representation of Mizoram in Parliament:</h4>

Assembly seats (unicameral):&nbsp;40

First Governor of Mizoram:&nbsp;Hiteswar Saikia

First Chief Minister of Mizoram:&nbsp;Ch Chhunga

Here comes&nbsp;SOME&nbsp;INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT MIZORAM:

<ul>
	<li>Sibuta LungSibuta&nbsp;Lung&nbsp;is one of the most popular sites in Mizoram.&nbsp;Sibuta Lung&nbsp;is a memorial stone that was erected about 300 years by the Palian chief. The memorial Sibuta Lung offers a story of jilted love and lust for revenge.</li>
	<li>Majority of the tribes residing in Mizoram migrated from neighboring countries around&nbsp;1500AD.</li>
	<li>Pukzing Cave, Marpara&nbsp;is the largest lake in Mizoram. It is believed that it was carved just out of a Hairpin by a man named Maulzavata.</li>
	<li>Mulu Puk cave in Mizoram&nbsp;which was discovered some years ago was found to be full of heaps of human skeleton.</li>
	<li>In Mizo culture, the groom must pay a certain prize to the bride&rsquo;s family to seek her in a matrimonial alliance.</li>
</ul>

Hope this article made most of your facts clear about Mizoram. In our upcoming write-up, we will be discussing about other important aspects of Mizoram.

When did&nbsp;Mizo hill&nbsp;become a part of British India? What are the&nbsp;environmental aspects of Mizoram?Which state of India had faced the&nbsp;Mautam Famine?

In our upcoming blog, the factors corresponding to these questions will be answered surely. If you don&rsquo;t want to miss it, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Mizoram&rsquo; &ndash; Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your competitive exams such&nbsp;SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA,&nbsp;etc.

Thank You

Interesting Facts about Mizoram - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Know Your State Mizoram – Mizoram GK Notes (Part 1)

In our earlier article, we talked about some of the aspects of Mizoram. If you haven’t read that already, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-mizoram-geography-climate-and-culture-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Mizoram - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes</a>’ – Part 1. Now further proceeding we’ll study other important aspects of the state i.e. discussing about the history, environment and economic conditions of Mizoram.

When was Mizoram craved out from Assam? Which state is the most leading producer of bamboo? What are the economic aspects of Mizoram?

Let’s dive over the bygone times of Mizoram. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-722-0">History of Mizoram </h2>

The premature history of Mizoram is compactly revealed. The Mizo people developed a dictatorial political system rooted in some 300 hereditary headships.

<ul>
	<li>The earliest Mizos who migrated to India were known as Kukis. The Lushais were the last of the Mizo tribes to migrate to India.</li>
	<li>The Mizo tribes migrated from the Chin Hills between 1750 and 1850, conquered the indigenous peoples, and incorporated them into their own society.</li>
	<li>The tribes of Mizoram remained untouched by British influence until the Britishers seized Assam in 1826 under the Treaty of Yandabo.</li>
	<li> During the next decades, the Mizo tribe assaulted the British colony which led to occasional expeditions by the British.</li>
	<li> By the 1870s the region was under British control. In 1873 it fell under the Inner Line Regulations of the British administration, which banned the movement of people from the plains into the hills. However, the region was not formally annexed until the early 1890s.</li>
	<li>The region initially was administered as the North Lushai Hills in the province of Assam and the South Lushai Hills within the Bengal Presidency.</li>
	<li>In 1898 the region was united as the Lushai Hills District of Assam. The district was declared an excluded area in 1935 and the area’s administration was placed directly in the hands of the governor of Assam.</li>
	<li>Following India’s independence from the British in 1947, the district remained a part of Assam. The armed rebellion compelled the central government of India to assume Mizoram’s administration and to make it a union territory in 1972. Mizoram was granted statehood in 1987.</li>
	<li>Mizoram had to face Mautam, a famine in 1959 due to excess of rat population.</li>
</ul>

Now it’s time to study about the exotic environment of Mizoram. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-722-1">Environment of Mizoram</h2>

The name “Mizoram” is derived from Mi means people, Zo belongs to the people of Mizoram and Ram stands for land and thus Mizoram implies “land of the hill people“. Mizoram is the southernmost landlocked state in the northeast, sharing borders with three of the Seven Sister States, namely Tripura, Assam, Manipur.

<ul>
	<li>Tlawng is the longest River in Mizoram which flows for about 234 km length in the south-north direction and joins the River Barak in Cachar district of Assam state. Other major rivers of the state are Tut (tributary of the Tlawng River), Tuirial(impounded by the Tuirial Dam), Tuivawl, Tiau, Khawthlangtuipui River, Tuichang etc.</li>
	<li>The Palak Lake situated in Saiha District is the biggest lake in Mizoram. It is believed that the lake was created as a result of an earthquake or a flood. The local people of the state believed that a village which was submerged is still intact deep under the waters.</li>
	<li>Tuirial dam is an earth fill and gravity dam on the River Sonai near Kolasib in Mizoram in India. The primary purpose of this dam is hydroelectric power production. </li>
</ul>

<img alt="Tuirial dam" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Tuirial dam.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Tuirihiau falls in Mizoram; its uniqueness is that tourists can see from behind as it caves in behind the fall like an arc.</li>
	<li>Phawngpui Tlang which is known as the Blue Mountain is situated in the south-eastern part of the state is the highest peak in Mizoram at 2,210 metres. Other major hills of the state are Lengteng, Mawma, Surtlang, Lurhtlang, Tan Tlang etc.</li>
	<li>Total number of National Parks is two and Total number of Wildlife Sanctuaries is eight in Mizoram.</li>
	<li>There are a total of two national parks namely Murlen National Park (1991), Phawngpui National Park (1992).</li>
	<li>There are a total of eight wildlife sanctuaries in Mizoram. Some of them are Dampa Wildlife Sanctuary, Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary, Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary, and many more.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Dampa Wildlife" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Dampa Wildlife.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image source: Mamit District]

Let’s talk about the economy of Mizoram. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-722-2">Economy of Mizoram </h2>

Mizoram is one of the fastest-growing economies among the states of India. Mizoram had the second-highest GSDP growth during the 11th Five Year Plan (2007–2012) in Northeast India. The biggest contributors to GSDP growth are agriculture, public administration and construction work. The tertiary sector or service sector continued to have a contribution to the GSDP with its share hovering about 60% during the past half a decade.

<ul>
	<li>Around 65% of the population of the state are dependent on agriculture Mizoram is yet to establish itself as a tourist destination for both Indians and non-Indians alike. The growth of the tourism sector is awful due to lack of policy and incompetence of Government officials.</li>
	<li>Agriculture is the dominant economic activity of Mizoram. Two types of agriculture are practiced: terrace cultivation and shifting agriculture also called jhum cultivation.</li>
	<li>Major manufacturing activities, however, have not been strongly established.</li>
	<li>Mizoram is the most leading producer of bamboo in India.</li>
</ul>

GDP: ₹ 11,458 lakh crore

Rank (as per GDP): 32nd

Per capita GDP: ₹76,210

Sector-wise GDP: Agriculture: 19.84 %, Industry: 20.20%, Services: 59.96% 
 

<h2 id="content-id-722-3">Education of Mizoram </h2>

Mizoram is the second most literate state in India. Education in Mizoram is attributable largely to Christian missionaries, who established the first schools in the area around the turn of the 20th century. Mizoram had some 2,000 primary, middle, and secondary schools, and its rate of literacy was among the highest of all Indian states by the early 21st century. Major institutions of higher learning in the state include Mizoram University which replaced a branch of North Eastern Hill University, Aizawl Theological College and Hrangbana College.

<img alt="Mizoram University" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Mizoram University.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Mizoram University]

<h2 id="content-id-722-4">Sports of Mizoram </h2>

Mizoram Football Association (MFA) is the state governing body of football in Mizoram, India. It is affiliated with the All India Football Federation, the sports national governing body. Mizoram also has a state League called Mizoram Premier League. Aizawl FC plays in the I-League.

Here are some more interesting facts about MIZORAM:

<ul>
	<li>Mizo hill became a part of British India in 1895.</li>
	<li>Mizoram’s first football league took place in 2012 with 8 participating teams.</li>
	<li>The world’s largest family as recorded in the Guinness Book of World record resides in Aizawl, Mizoram. The family is headed by Pu Ziona who has 38 wives, 89 children and many grandchildren.</li>
	<li>Fireworks and crackers have been banned in Mizoram since 2009 by the Mizoram Government.</li>
	<li>According to legends, it is believed that Rih- Dil Lake, 14 miles from Champai, Mizoram is the inevitable passage that spirits of the dead crossed on their way to a future abode called Mitti Khua.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Rih dil" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Rih dil.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Therefore, this was all the chief necessary information about Mizoram that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services and NDA etc.

In our earlier article, we talked about some of the aspects of Mizoram. If you haven&rsquo;t read that already, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Mizoram&rsquo; &ndash; Part 1. Now further proceeding we&rsquo;ll study other important aspects of the state i.e. discussing about the history, environment and economic conditions of Mizoram.

When was&nbsp;Mizoram craved out from Assam? Which state is&nbsp;the most leading producer of bamboo? What are the economic aspects of Mizoram?

Let&rsquo;s dive over the bygone times of Mizoram.

<h2>HISTORY Mizoram General Knowledge Notes:</h2>

The premature history of Mizoram is compactly revealed. The Mizo people developed a dictatorial political system&nbsp;rooted in some 300 hereditary headships.

<ul>
	<li>The earliest Mizos who migrated to India were known as&nbsp;Kukis.&nbsp;The Lushais&nbsp;were the last of the Mizo tribes migrate to India.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Mizo tribes migrated from the&nbsp;Chin Hills between 1750 and 1850, conquered the&nbsp;indigenous&nbsp;peoples, and incorporated&nbsp;them into their own society.</li>
	<li>The tribes of Mizoram remained untouched by British influence until the Britishers seized&nbsp;Assam&nbsp;in 1826 under the Treaty of Yandabo.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;During the next decades, Mizo tribe assaulted the British colony which led to occasional expeditions by the British.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;By the 1870s the region was under British control. In 1873 it fell under the Inner Line Regulations of the British administration, which banned the movement of people from the plains into the hills. However, the region was not formally annexed until the early 1890s.</li>
	<li>The region initially was administered as&nbsp;the North&nbsp;Lushai Hills&nbsp;in the province of Assam and the&nbsp;South Lushai Hills&nbsp;within the Bengal Presidency.</li>
	<li>In 1898 the region was united as the Lushai Hills District of Assam. The district was declared an&nbsp;excluded area in 1935&nbsp;and the area&rsquo;s administration was placed directly in the hands of the governor of Assam.</li>
	<li>Following&nbsp;India&rsquo;s independence from the British in 1947, the district remained a part of Assam. The armed rebellion compelled the central government of India to assume Mizoram&rsquo;s administration and to make it a union territory&nbsp;in 1972. Mizoram was granted&nbsp;statehood in 1987.</li>
	<li>Mizoram had to face&nbsp;Mautam, a famine&nbsp;in 1959 due to excess of rat population.</li>
</ul>

Now it&rsquo;s time to study about the exotic environment of Mizoram.

<h2>ENVIRONMENT Mizoram General Knowledge Notes:</h2>

The name &ldquo;Mizoram&rdquo; is derived from Mi means people, Zo belongs to the people of Mizoram and Ram stands for land and thus Mizoram implies &ldquo;land of the hill people&ldquo;. Mizoram is the southernmost landlocked state in the northeast, sharing borders with three of the Seven Sister States, namely Tripura, Assam, Manipur.

<ul>
	<li>Tlawng&nbsp;is the longest River in Mizoram which flows for about 234 km length in the south-north direction and joins the&nbsp;River Barak&nbsp;in Cachar district of Assam state. &nbsp;Other major rivers of the state are Tut (tributary of the&nbsp;Tlawng River), Tuirial(impounded by the&nbsp;Tuirial Dam), Tuivawl, Tiau, Khawthlangtuipui River, Tuichang&nbsp;etc.</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>The&nbsp;Palak Lake&nbsp;situated in Saiha District is the biggest lake in Mizoram. It is believed that the lake was created as a result of an earthquake or a flood. The local people of the state believed that a village which was submerged is still intact deep under the waters.</li>
	<li>Tuirial&nbsp;dam&nbsp;is an earth fill and gravity&nbsp;dam&nbsp;on the&nbsp;River&nbsp;Sonai near Kolasib in&nbsp;Mizoram&nbsp;in India. The primary purpose of this&nbsp;dam&nbsp;is hydroelectric power production.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Tuirihiau falls in Mizoram; its&nbsp;uniqueness is that tourists can see from behind as it caves in behind the fall like an arc.</li>
	<li>Phawngpui Tlang&nbsp;which is known as&nbsp;the&nbsp;Blue Mountain&nbsp;is situated in the south-eastern part of the state is the highest peak in Mizoram at 2,210 metres. Other major hills of the state are Lengteng, Mawma, Surtlang, Lurhtlang, Tan Tlang etc.</li>
	<li>Total number of&nbsp;National Parks is&nbsp;two&nbsp;and Total number of&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuaries is&nbsp;eight&nbsp;in&nbsp;Mizoram.</li>
	<li>There are a total of two national parks namely Murlen National Park (1991),&nbsp; Phawngpui National Park (1992).</li>
	<li>There are a&nbsp;total&nbsp;of eight&nbsp;wildlife sanctuaries in Mizoram. Some of them are Dampa&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, Lengteng&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, Ngengpui&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, Tawi&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, and&nbsp;many&nbsp;more.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s talk about the economy of Mizoram.

<h2>ECONOMY Mizoram General Knowledge Notes:</h2>

Mizoram is one of the fastest-growing economies among the states of India.&nbsp;Mizoram had&nbsp;the second-highest GSDP growth&nbsp;during the 11th Five Year Plan (2007&ndash;2012) in Northeast India. The biggest contributors to GSDP growth are&nbsp;agriculture, public administration and construction work. The tertiary sector or service sector continued to have the contribution to the GSDP with its share hovering about 60% during the past half a decade.

<ul>
	<li>Around 65% of the population&nbsp;of the state are dependent on agriculture Mizoram is yet to establish itself as a tourist destination for both Indians and non-Indians alike. The growth&nbsp;of tourism sector is awful due to lack of policy and incompetence of Government officials.</li>
	<li>Agriculture is the dominant economic activity of Mizoram. Two types of agriculture are practiced:&nbsp;terrace cultivation and&nbsp;shifting agriculture also called&nbsp;jhum&nbsp;cultivation.</li>
	<li>Major manufacturing activities, however, have not been strongly established.</li>
	<li>Mizoram is&nbsp;the most leading producer of bamboo in India.</li>
</ul>

GDP:&nbsp;₹ 11,458 lakh crore

Rank (as per GDP):&nbsp;&nbsp;32nd

Per capita GDP:&nbsp;₹76,210

Sector-wise GDP:&nbsp;Agriculture: 19.84 %, Industry: 20.20%, Services: 59.96%

<h2>EDUCATION Mizoram General Knowledge Notes:</h2>

Mizoram is the&nbsp;second most literate state&nbsp;in India. Education in Mizoram is attributable largely to Christian missionaries, who established the first schools in the area around the turn of the 20th century. Mizoram had some 2,000 primary, middle, and secondary schools, and its rate of literacy was among the highest of all Indian states by the early 21st century. Major institutions of higher learning in the state include the Mizoram University which replaced a branch of North Eastern Hill University, Aizawl Theological College and Hrangbana College.

<h2>SPORTS Mizoram General Knowledge Notes:</h2>

Mizoram&nbsp;Football Association (MFA)&nbsp;is the&nbsp;state&nbsp;governing body of football in&nbsp;Mizoram, India. It is affiliated with the All India Football Federation, the&nbsp;sports&nbsp;national governing body.&nbsp;Mizoram&nbsp;also has a&nbsp;state&nbsp;League called&nbsp;Mizoram&nbsp;Premier League. Aizawl FC plays in the I-League.

Here are&nbsp;some more interesting facts about MIZORAM:

<ul>
	<li>Mizo hill&nbsp;becomes a part of British India in 1895.</li>
	<li>Mizoram&rsquo;s first football league&nbsp;took place in 2012 with 8 participating teams.</li>
	<li>The world&rsquo;s largest family as recorded in the Guinness Book of World record&nbsp;resides in Aizawl, Mizoram. The family is headed by Pu Ziona who has 38 wives, 89 children and many grandchildren.</li>
	<li>Fireworks and crackers&nbsp;are banned in&nbsp;Mizoram&nbsp;since 2009 by the Mizoram Government.</li>
	<li>According to legends, it is believed that&nbsp;Rih- Dil Lake, 14 miles from Champai, Mizoram&nbsp;is the inevitable passage that spirits of the dead crossed on their way to a future abode called&nbsp;Mitti Khua.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, this was all the chief necessary information about Mizoram that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like&nbsp;SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services&nbsp;and&nbsp;NDA&nbsp;etc.

Interesting Facts about Mizoram - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your state Mizoram – Mizoram General Knowledge Notes (Part 2)

In this blog, we’ll talk about the landlocked state of North-Eastern India. Nagaland is a poetic mythology that has travelled beyond centuries. This pristine and rustic state surrounded by hills and hillocks is home to many tribal and sub-tribal groups. 

Which state is the land of the world’s hottest chilli pepper? What is the official language of the state Nagaland?

Nagaland is one of the states in the North-eastern part of India that is not only popular for its mesmerising scenic beauty, but also famous for some important festivities. Nagaland is called the ‘Land of Festivals’. It is a state that has one major festival lined up for every month.

So let’s start diving deep into the state by exploring many amazing and interesting facts about Nagaland. But first, let’s take a glance over the State symbols of Nagaland.  
 

<h2 id="content-id-723-0">State Symbols of Nagaland </h2>

<table style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Kohima</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Indian English</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower </td>
			<td>Rhododendron</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Alnus nepalensis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Mithun</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Blyth’s tragopan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Sports</td>
			<td>Wrestling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present)</td>
			<td>Shri La. Ganesan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (Present)</td>
			<td>Neiphiu Rio</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let’s go ahead and study the topmost attribute of Nagaland i.e. cultural and social aspects. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-723-1"> Culture of Nagaland </h2>

Nagaland is one of those few states that are heavily influenced by its ancient culture. The old ways and customs are still practiced here. This region is so rich in heritage and surrounded by beautiful valleys. Tribe traditions and loyalties play an important role in Naga society. They have a strong warrior background.

<ul>
	<li>Nagaland has an ancient history of tribes with diversity in language and has a similar leafy dress code, eating habits and traditional laws. Nagas are mostly Christians. The state is regarded as the most Baptist state in the world.</li>
	<li>The tribes of the state carry certain folklores showing the respectful acts of their ancestors. The design of the shawl denotes the social status of the wearer. The attire worn by the males include a conical red headgear decorated with Hornbill’s black and white feathers and wild boar’s canine teeth. Their costumes aptly display the ancestral lineage.</li>
	<li>The population of Nagaland has 88% of Christian occupancy according to the 2011 census. Nagaland is one of the three states with a Christian-majority in India followed by Mizoram and Meghalaya.     </li>
	<li>The main occupation of the Nagaland people is irrigation, but they are also blessed with intelligence, especially the women. Ordinary metals such as iron, brass and tin are used to make exquisite jewellery in the form of armlets, neckbands, bangles etc.</li>
	<li>There is an essence of celebration in the air throughout the year in Nagaland. The diversity of tribes in the region leads to a yearlong ambience of joy through various fairs and festivities organized at times. Some of the most important festivals celebrated by different tribal groups are Suhkruhnye, Yemshe, Sekrenyi, Moatsu Mong, Bushu and many others.</li>
	<li>The Hornbill Festival is marked as the festival of festivals in Nagaland. It is organized by the state government to encourage the interaction among the various tribes and preserve the heritage and traditions of Nagaland. It is celebrated every year in the first week of December.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Hornbill Festival" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Hornbill Festival.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Hindustan Times]

<ul>
	<li>Nagaland is the home of Bhut Jolokia which is one of the spiciest chillies in the world. The state is known as the land of world’s hottest chilli pepper.</li>
	<li>Language-wise, Nagaland is the most diverse state in India. Based on the 2011 census data, Nagaland effectively has 14 languages and 17 dialects. Indian English is the official language of Nagaland. 
	 </li>
</ul>

<h2 id="content-id-723-2">Geography of Nagaland </h2>

Nagaland is the state of India which lies in the hills and mountains of the north-eastern part of the country. It is exquisitely rich in flora and fauna and is a habitat to some of the dandiest plants and animals along with the beautiful birds. Nagaland is referred to as ‘The Falcon Capital of the World’ due to its diversity in birds. 

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension – 25°60’N and 27°40’N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension – 93°20’E and 95°15’E</li>
	<li>Area – 16.579 km2</li>
</ul>

 Rank in India – 26th  

<ul>
	<li>Population – 1,980,602</li>
</ul>

 Rank in India – 25th  

<ul>
	<li>It is one of the smaller states of India that is bounded by the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the northeast, Manipur to the south, and Assam to the west and northwest and the country of Myanmar to the east.</li>
	<li>The major rivers of Nagaland are Doyang, Dikhu, Dhansiri, Tizu, Milak, Dzu, Langlong, Zungki, Likimro, Lanye and Dzuza.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Doyang River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Doyang River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia] 

<ul>
	<li>There is One National Park, Three Wildlife Sanctuaries, One Zoological Park is in Nagaland.  
	 </li>
</ul>

<h2 id="content-id-723-3">Climate of Nagaland</h2>

Nagaland has a monsoonal wet-dry climate with high humidity levels. The state enjoys a healthy, pleasant climate. Annual rainfall averages between 70 and 100 inches and is concentrated in the months of the southwest monsoon i.e. May to September. In winter, temperatures do not generally drop below 4 °C, but frost is common at high elevations. Summer is the shortest season in the state, lasting for only a few months. The temperature during the summer season remains between 16 to 31 °C. Winter often arrives early, with bitter cold and dry weather striking certain regions of the state. The maximum average temperature in the winter season is 24 °C. Strong northwest winds blow across the state during February and March. Humidity levels are generally high throughout the state. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-723-4">Soil Type of Nagaland</h2>

The most important type of soil that covers about 66% of the land area of Nagaland is the Inceptisols and about 23.8% of the land area of Nagaland is enveloped by the Ultisols. The soil textures consist of fine clay, clay loamy and fine loamy clay. These soil types are predominant near the river beds.

Let’s jump to the political aspects of the state. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-723-5">Government and Politics of Nagaland </h2>

Nagaland is governed by a Council of Ministers which is headed by a chief minister, one who is responsible to the 60 members of the Legislative Assembly. The constitutional head of state is the Governor that is appointed by the President of India. The state is divided into 12 administrative districts. Unlike other Indian states, Nagaland has granted a huge gradation of sovereignty to its several tribal communities. Each tribe has a hierarchy of councils i.e. at the village, range, and tribal levels to deal with arguments involving breaches of customary laws and usages. Appeals of such cases are made to the Naga Tribunal. Special administrative provisions were made for the Tuensang district, which was put under a regional council elected by all the tribes within the district’s boundaries.

<h3>Representation of Nagaland in Parliament:</h3>

Assembly seats (unicameral): 60

Rajya Sabha: 1

Lok Sabha: 1

First Governor of Nagaland: Vishnu Sahay

First Chief Minister of Nagaland: P. Shilu Ao

<h3>SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT NAGALAND:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Mount Saramati is the highest peak in Nagaland. It stands at 3840 metres and acts as a natural barrier between Nagaland and Myanmar.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Mt Saramati" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Mt Saramati.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: The Times of India]

<ul>
	<li>Nagaland is the first and only state in India to register a population decline of 0.47% between 2001 and 2011.</li>
	<li>Naga Hoho is an apex organisation formed by local tribes in Nagaland to safeguard tribal rights and customs and land issues in the state.</li>
	<li> The tribes in Nagaland practiced head hunting till the early 20th century.</li>
	<li>Kisama near Kohima, is a Naga heritage village aimed to protect and preserve the cultural heritage of tribal groups.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Kisama" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Kisama.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Kohima District]

Hope this blog made most of your doubts clear about Nagaland. In our forthcoming blog, we will be studying about the other important aspects of Nagaland.

What are the economic aspects of Nagaland? Which place was the ancient capital of Nagaland?

In the next blog, facets correlated with these questions will be answered certainly. If you don’t want to miss it, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-nagaland-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Nagaland - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>’ – Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such as SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA, etc.

Thank you

In this blog, we&rsquo;ll talk about the landlocked state of North-Eastern India.&nbsp;Nagaland&nbsp;is a poetic mythology that has travelled beyond centuries. This pristine and rustic state surrounded by hills and hillocks is home to many tribal and sub-tribal groups.&nbsp;

Which state is the&nbsp;land of world&rsquo;s hottest chilli pepper? What is&nbsp;the official language of the state Nagaland?

Nagaland&nbsp;is one of the states in the North-eastern part of India that is not only&nbsp;popular for its mesmerizing scenic beauty, but also&nbsp;famous&nbsp;for some important festivities.&nbsp;Nagaland is called the&nbsp;&lsquo;Land of Festivals&rsquo;. It is a state that has one major festival lined up for every month.

So let&rsquo;s start diving deep into the state by exploring many amazing and interesting facts about Nagaland. But first, let&rsquo;s take a glance over the State symbols of Nagaland.&nbsp;

<h3>STATE SYMBOLS OF NAGALAND&nbsp;Nagaland GK Notes:</h3>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Kohima</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Rhododendron</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Alnus nepalensis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Mithun</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Blyth&rsquo;s tragopan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Sports</td>
			<td>Wrestling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Shri La. Ganesan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Neiphiu Rio</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let&rsquo;s go ahead and study the topmost attribute of Nagaland i.e. cultural and social aspects.

<h2>&nbsp;CULTURE&nbsp;Nagaland GK Notes:</h2>

Nagaland is one of those few states that are heavily influenced by its ancient culture. The old ways and customs are still practiced here. This region is so rich in heritage and surrounded by beautiful valleys. Tribe traditions and loyalties play an important role in Naga society. They have a strong warrior background.

<ul>
	<li>Nagaland has an ancient history of tribes with diversity in language and has a similar leafy dress code, eating habits and traditional laws. Nagas are mostly Christians. The state is regarded as&nbsp;the most Baptist state in the world.</li>
	<li>The tribes of the state carry certain folklores showing the respectful acts of their ancestors. The design of shawl denotes the social status of the wearer. The attire worn by the males include&nbsp;a conical red headgear decorated with Hornbill&rsquo;s black and white feathers and wild boar&rsquo;s canine teeth. Their costumes aptly display the ancestral lineage.</li>
	<li>The population of Nagaland has&nbsp;88% of Christian&nbsp;occupancy according to the 2011 census. Nagaland is one of the three states with a Christian-majority in India followed by&nbsp;Mizoram and Meghalaya.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The main occupation of the Nagaland people is&nbsp;irrigation, but they are also blessed with intelligence, especially the women. Ordinary metals such as iron, brass and tin are used to make exquisite jewellery in the form of armlets, neckbands, bangles etc.</li>
	<li>There is an essence of celebration in the air throughout the year in Nagaland. The diversity of tribes in the region leads to a yearlong ambience of joy through various fairs and festivities organized at times. Some of the most important festivals celebrated by different tribal groups are&nbsp;Suhkruhnye, Yemshe, Sekrenyi, Moatsu Mong, Bushu and many others.</li>
	<li>The Hornbill Festival&nbsp;is marked as the festival of festivals in Nagaland. It is organized by the state government to encourage the interaction among the various tribes and preserve the heritage and traditions of Nagaland. It is celebrated every year in the first week of December.</li>
	<li>Nagaland is the home of&nbsp;Bhut Jolokia&nbsp;which is one of the spiciest chillies in the world. The state is known as&nbsp;the land of world&rsquo;s hottest chilli pepper.</li>
	<li>Language-wise, Nagaland is the most diverse state in India. Based on the 2011 census data, Nagaland effectively has&nbsp;14 languages and 17 dialects. Indian English&nbsp;is the official language of Nagaland.</li>
</ul>

<h2>GEOGRAPHY&nbsp;Nagaland GK Notes:</h2>

Nagaland is the state of&nbsp;India which lies in the hills and mountains of the north-eastern part of the country. It is exquisitely rich in flora and fauna and is a habitat to some of the dandiest plants and animals along with the beautiful birds. Nagaland is referred to as &lsquo;The Falcon Capital of the World&rsquo; due to its diversity in birds. &nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;25&deg;60&rsquo;N and 27&deg;40&rsquo;N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;93&deg;20&rsquo;E and 95&deg;15&rsquo;E</li>
	<li>Area &ndash;&nbsp;16.579 km2</li>
</ul>

&nbsp; Rank in India &ndash;&nbsp;26th&nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Population &ndash;&nbsp;1,980,602</li>
</ul>

&nbsp; Rank in India &ndash;&nbsp;25th&nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>It is one of the smaller states of India that is bounded by the Indian states of&nbsp;Arunachal Pradesh&nbsp;to the northeast,&nbsp;Manipur&nbsp;to the south, and&nbsp;Assam&nbsp;to the west and northwest and the country of&nbsp;Myanmar&nbsp;to the east.</li>
	<li>The major rivers of Nagaland are&nbsp;Doyang,&nbsp;Dikhu,&nbsp;Dhansiri,&nbsp;Tizu, Milak, Dzu, Langlong,&nbsp;Zungki,&nbsp;Likimro, Lanye and Dzuza.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>There is&nbsp;One National Park, Three&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuaries, One Zoological Park&nbsp;is in&nbsp;Nagaland.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h2>Climate Nagaland GK Notes:</h2>

Nagaland has a monsoonal wet-dry climate with high humidity levels. The state enjoys a healthy, pleasant climate. Annual rainfall averages between&nbsp;70 and 100 inches&nbsp;and is concentrated in the months of the southwest monsoon i.e. May to September. In winter, temperatures do not generally drop below&nbsp;4&nbsp;&deg;C, but frost is common at high elevations. Summer is the shortest season in the state, lasting for only a few months. The temperature during the summer season remains between&nbsp;16 to 31&nbsp;&deg;C. Winter often arrives early, with bitter cold and dry weather striking certain regions of the state. The maximum average temperature in the winter season is&nbsp;24&nbsp;&deg;C. Strong northwest winds blow across the state during February and March. Humidity levels are generally high throughout the state.

<h3>Soil type:</h3>

The most important type of soil that covers about 66% of the&nbsp;land area of Nagaland&nbsp;is the&nbsp;Inceptisols&nbsp;and about 23.8% of the&nbsp;land area of Nagaland&nbsp;is enveloped by the&nbsp;Ultisols. The soil textures consist of&nbsp;fine&nbsp;clay,&nbsp;clay loamy&nbsp;and fine&nbsp;loamy clay. These soil types are predominant near the river beds.

Let&rsquo;s jump to the political aspects of the state.

<h2>GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS&nbsp;Nagaland GK Notes:</h2>

Nagaland is governed by a&nbsp;Council of Ministers&nbsp;which is headed by a chief minister, one who is responsible to the 60 members of the Legislative Assembly. The&nbsp;constitutional&nbsp;head of state is the&nbsp;Governor&nbsp;that is appointed by the President of&nbsp;India. The state is divided into&nbsp;12 administrative districts. Unlike other Indian states, Nagaland has granted a huge gradation of sovereignty&nbsp;to its several tribal&nbsp;communities. Each tribe has a&nbsp;hierarchy&nbsp;of councils i.e. at the village, range, and tribal levels to deal with arguments involving&nbsp;breaches&nbsp;of customary laws and usages. Appeals of such cases are made to the&nbsp;Naga Tribunal. Special administrative provisions were made for the&nbsp;Tuensang district, which was put under a&nbsp;regional council&nbsp;elected by all the tribes within the district&rsquo;s boundaries.

<h3>Representation of Nagaland in Parliament:</h3>

Assembly seats (unicameral):&nbsp;60

Rajya Sabha:&nbsp;1

Lok Sabha:&nbsp;1

First Governor of Nagaland:&nbsp;Vishnu Sahay

First Chief Minister of Nagaland:&nbsp;P. Shilu Ao

<h2>SOME&nbsp;INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT NAGALAND:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>Mount Saramati&nbsp;is the highest peak in Nagaland. It stands at 3840 metres and acts as a natural barrier between Nagaland and Myanmar.</li>
	<li>Nagaland&nbsp;is the first and only state in India to register a population decline of 0.47% between 2001 and 2011.</li>
	<li>Naga&nbsp;Hoho&nbsp;is an apex organization formed by local tribes in Nagaland to safeguard tribal rights and customs and land issues in the state.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;The tribes in Nagaland practiced&nbsp;head hunting&nbsp;till the early 20th&nbsp;century.</li>
	<li>Kisama&nbsp;near Kohima, is a naga heritage village aimed to protect and preserve the cultural heritage of tribal groups.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Conclusion</h2>

Hope this blog made most of your doubts clear about Nagaland. In our forthcoming blog, we will be studying about the other important aspects of Nagaland.

What are&nbsp;the economic aspects of Nagaland? Which place was&nbsp;the ancient capital of Nagaland?

In the next blog, facets correlated with these questions will be answered certainly. If you don&rsquo;t want to miss it, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Nagaland&rsquo; &ndash; Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such&nbsp;SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA,&nbsp;etc.

Thank you

Interesting Facts about Nagaland - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Know Your State Nagaland – Nagaland GK Notes (Part 1)

In the last blog, we looked over some vital aspects of Nagaland. If you haven’t read that already, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-nagaland-geography-climate-and-culture-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Nagaland - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes</a>’ – Part 1. Now here in this blog, we will be studying about the historical, environmental and economic attributes of Nagaland.

When Nagaland became full-fledged state of India? What are the environmental aspects of Nagaland?

Nagaland is rich in primaeval beauty and it is a mountainous state in the North-Eastern part of India. This state has a sense of mysticism to it which is intensified by the remoteness due to its location.

Let’s have a look at the bygone history of Nagaland.  
 

<h2 id="content-id-724-0">History of Nagaland </h2>

Nagaland has no clear written record of early history, although medieval records of the neighbouring tribes migrated at different times, each settling in the north-eastern part of present India and establishing their respective sovereign mountain terrains and village-states.

<ul>
	<li>Ahom kingdom of Assam region informs the Naga tribes, their customs and practices. With the arrival of Britishers, Naga territory ended the practices of headhunting, intervillage raids and brought relative peace to the region by 1892.</li>
	<li>Dimapur was the capital of Ancient Kachari Kingdom which is now the region of Nagaland.</li>
	<li>After India became independent in 1947, the Naga territory initially remained a part of Assam.</li>
	<li>Even with the agreement between Naga leaders and the Indian government in 1957, the Naga Hills region of Assam and the Tuensang boundary division to the northeast kept together in a single unit which was directly governed by the Indian government.</li>
	<li>Nagaland gained statehood in 1963, and a democratically elected government lay hold of office in 1964.</li>
	<li>The National Socialist Council of Nagaland was a powerful pro-separatist extremist group which was formed in 1980. It split into two factions in 1988 because of disagreements between its members. Fighting between the factions has increased as each battle for territorial control of the region.</li>
</ul>

Let’s switch to another feature i.e. environment 
 

<h2 id="content-id-724-1">Environment of Nagaland </h2>

Nagaland is a delightful North Eastern State known for its scenic beauty and rich traditions. Numerous tribes reside in this state which makes this state rich in terms of diversity. Nagaland is beautified with countless hills and has a heavenly vibe that unties all the tired nerves.

<ul>
	<li>Doyang River is the longest river of the state.</li>
	<li>Dhansiri is one of the major tributaries of the Brahmaputra River that covers most of the areas in Nagaland.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Dhansiri" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Dhansiri.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>The major rivers of Nagaland are Doyang, Dikhu, Dhansiri, Tizu, Milak, Dzu, Langlong, Zungki, Likimro, Lanye and Dzuza. There are other known rivers in Nagaland namely Manglu, Tsurong, Nanung, Disai, Tsumok, Menung etc.</li>
	<li>Shilloi, in Lütsam village of Phokhungri area in Phek district, is the largest natural lake in Nagaland.</li>
	<li>Nagaland has only one completed dam named Doyang dam which has been constructed on River Doyang – a tributary of River Brahmaputra located near Wokha city of Nagaland. The construction of Doyang Dam was completed in the year 2000.</li>
	<li>There is only one National Park named Intanki National Park and three Wildlife Sanctuaries in Nagaland namely Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary, Puliebadze Wildlife Sanctuary, Rangapahar Wildlife Sanctuary.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Fakim Wildlife" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Fakim Wildlife.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image source: Kiphire Disctrict]

Now let’s talk about the economic aspects of the state. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-724-2">Economy of Nagaland </h2>

Economy of Nagaland presents a host of sectors that collectively generate revenue for the northeastern state of India. Agriculture is the mainstay of Nagaland. 70% of the total population of Nagaland is engaged in farming activities. Terrace and jhum cultivation are the two methods by which crops are grown in the state of Nagaland. Livestock is another key economic factor of Nagaland which includes fishery, animal husbandry, cattle farming, piggery and poultry. There are many industrial units in Nagaland that provide a major boost to the economic development of the state. The tourism industry of Nagaland is counted as one of the prime contributors of economic enhancement of the state.

<img alt="Jhum Cultivation" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Jhum Cultivation.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Think Wildlife Foundation]

GDP: ₹0.215 lakh crore

GDP Rank: 31th

GDP per capita: ₹472,015

GDP per capita Rank: 20th  
 

<h2 id="content-id-724-3">Education of Nagaland </h2>

Nagaland is the smallest state in India with a gradually increasing literacy rate. Nagaland has a literacy rate of 80.11% i.e. 83.29% for males and 76.69% for females as per Census 2001. Free and compulsory education up to the age of fourteen years is made mandatory by the government in Nagaland. The state government is trying hard to improve education infrastructure facilities in the state. The Department of School Education has been directed by the Nagaland government to check that every school is equipped with potable and clean drinking water. Nagaland has many educational tiers starting with primary school to university studies.  
 

<h2 id="content-id-724-4">Sports of Nagaland </h2>

Nagaland is the land of different tribal groups. These different tribal groups play different games and sports. The state of Nagaland is blessed with nature all around. Nagaland offers sports lovers with angling, camping, trekking and mountaineering. The state government also encourages the development of different sports in Nagaland. The most popular indigenous sport of Nagaland is wrestling.

Here are some more interesting facts about NAGALAND:

<ul>
	<li>Central market, Kohima is the hub of kitchen supplies in the state. The tribal people buy or sell local delicacies such as tadpoles, bull frogs, bamboo shoots, jabrang, etc.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Central Market" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Central Market.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Kohima's]

<ul>
	<li>Rendikala Subong museum is a tiny, privately run museum that houses a number of tribal artifacts related to local culture and also has the World’s smallest Bible.</li>
	<li>Northern Nagaland is a rustic, stunning and rugged part of the state. Most of the inhabitants continue to live a hunting and farming lifestyle.</li>
	<li>Kohima war cemetery dedicated to the soldiers of 2nd Military division of allied forces who died in the Second World War in April 1944 at Kohima.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, these were the essential facts about Nagaland that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services and NDA etc.

In the whilom blog, we looked over some vital aspects of Nagaland. If you haven&rsquo;t read that already, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Nagaland&rsquo; &ndash; Part 1. Now here in this blog, we will be studying about the historical, environmental and economic attributes of Nagaland.

When Nagaland&nbsp;became fully-fledged state of India? What are the environmental aspects&nbsp;of Nagaland?

Nagaland is rich in primeval beauty and it is a mountainous state in the North-Eastern part of India.&nbsp; This state has a sense of mysticism to it which is intensified by the remoteness due to its location.

Let&rsquo;s have a look at the bygone history of Nagaland.&nbsp;

<h2>HISTORY Nagaland GK Notes:</h2>

Nagaland has no clear written record of early history, although&nbsp;medieval&nbsp;records of the neighbouring tribes migrated at different times, each settling in the north-eastern part of present India and establishing their respective sovereign mountain terrains and village-states.

<ul>
	<li>&nbsp;Ahom&nbsp;kingdom of&nbsp;Assam&nbsp;region&nbsp;informs of the Naga tribes, their customs and practices. With the arrival of Britishers, Naga territory ended the practices of headhunting, intervillage raids and brought relative peace to the region by 1892.</li>
	<li>Dimapur&nbsp;was the capital of Ancient Kachari Kingdom which is now the region of Nagaland.</li>
	<li>After India became independent in 1947, the Naga territory initially remained a part of Assam.</li>
	<li>Even with the agreement between Naga leaders and the Indian government in 1957, the&nbsp;Naga Hills&nbsp;region of Assam and the Tuensang boundary division to the northeast kept together in a single unit which was directly governed by the Indian government.</li>
	<li>Nagaland gained statehood in&nbsp;1963, and a democratically elected government lay hold of office in&nbsp;1964.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;National Socialist Council of Nagaland&nbsp;was a powerful pro-separatist extremist group which was formed in&nbsp;1980. It split into two factions in 1988 because of disagreements between its members. Fighting between the factions has increased as each battle for territorial control of the region.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s switch to another feature i.e. environment

<h2>ENVIRONMENT Nagaland GK Notes:</h2>

Nagaland is a delightful North Eastern State known for its scenic beauty and rich traditions. Numerous tribes reside in this state which makes this state rich in terms of diversity. Nagaland is beautified with countless hills and has a heavenly vibe that unties all the tired nerves.

<ul>
	<li>Doyang River&nbsp;is the longest river of the state.</li>
	<li>Dhansiri&nbsp;is one of the major tributaries of the Brahmaputra River that covers most of the areas in Nagaland.</li>
	<li>The major rivers of Nagaland are&nbsp;Doyang,&nbsp;Dikhu,&nbsp;Dhansiri,&nbsp;Tizu, Milak, Dzu, Langlong,&nbsp;Zungki,&nbsp;Likimro, Lanye and Dzuza. There are other known rivers in Nagaland namely&nbsp;Manglu, Tsurong, Nanung, Disai, Tsumok, Menung&nbsp;etc.</li>
	<li>Shilloi, in L&uuml;tsam village of Phokhungri area in Phek district,&nbsp;is the&nbsp;largest&nbsp;natural&nbsp;lake in Nagaland.</li>
	<li>Nagaland has only one completed dam named&nbsp;Doyang&nbsp;dam&nbsp;which has been constructed on River&nbsp;Doyang &ndash; a tributary of River Brahmaputra located near Wokha city of Nagaland. The construction of&nbsp;Doyang&nbsp;Dam was completely built in the year 2000.</li>
	<li>There is&nbsp;only one National Park&nbsp;named Intanki National Park and&nbsp;three&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuaries&nbsp;in&nbsp;Nagaland namely Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary, Puliebadze &nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary Rangapahar &nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary.</li>
</ul>

Now let&rsquo;s talk about the economic aspects of the state.

<h2>ECONOMY Nagaland GK Notes:</h2>

Economy of Nagaland presents a host of sectors that collectively generate revenue for the northeastern state of India.&nbsp;Agriculture&nbsp;is the mainstay of Nagaland. 70% of the total population of Nagaland is engaged in farming activities.&nbsp;Terrace and jhum cultivation&nbsp;are the two methods by which crops are grown in the state of Nagaland. Livestock is another key economic factor of Nagaland which includes fishery, animal husbandry, cattle farming, piggery and poultry. There are many industrial units in Nagaland that provide a major boost to the economic development of the state. The&nbsp;tourism industry&nbsp;of Nagaland is counted as one of the prime contributors of economic enhancement of the state.

GDP:&nbsp;₹0.215 lakh crore

GDP Rank:&nbsp;31th

GDP per capita:&nbsp;₹472,015

GDP per capita Rank:&nbsp;20th&nbsp;&nbsp;

<h2>EDUCATION Nagaland GK Notes:</h2>

Nagaland&nbsp;is the smallest state in India with a gradually increasing literacy rate. Nagaland has a literacy rate of&nbsp;80.11%&nbsp;i.e.&nbsp;83.29%&nbsp;for males and&nbsp;76.69%&nbsp;for females as per Census 2001. Free and compulsory&nbsp;education&nbsp;up to the age of fourteen years is made mandatory by the government in&nbsp;Nagaland. The state government is trying hard to improve education infrastructure facilities in the state. The Department of School Education has been directed by the Nagaland government to check that every school is equipped with potable and clean drinking water. Nagaland has many educational tiers starting with primary school to university studies.&nbsp;

<h2>SPORTS Nagaland GK Notes:</h2>

Nagaland is the land of different tribal groups. These different tribal groups play different games and sports. The state of Nagaland is blessed with nature all around. Nagaland offers sports lovers with&nbsp;angling, camping, trekking and mountaineering. The state government also encourages the development of different sports in Nagaland. The most popular indigenous sport of Nagaland is&nbsp;wrestling.

Here are&nbsp;some more interesting facts about NAGALAND:

<ul>
	<li>Central market, Kohima is the hub of kitchen supplies in the state. The tribal people buy or sell local delicacies such as tadpoles, bull frogs, bamboo shoots, jabrang, etc.</li>
	<li>Rendikala Subong museum is a tiny, privately run museum that houses a number of tribal artifacts related to local and also has the World&rsquo;s smallest Bible.</li>
	<li>Northern Nagaland is a rustic, stunning and rugged part of the state. Most of the inhabitants continue to live a hunting and farmer lifestyle.</li>
	<li>Kohima war cemetery dedicated to the soldiers of 2nd Military division of allied forces who died in the Second World War in April 1944 at Kohima.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, these were the all chief necessitate facts about Nagaland&nbsp;that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like&nbsp;SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services&nbsp;and&nbsp;NDA&nbsp;etc.

Interesting Facts about Nagaland - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your State Nagaland – Nagaland GK Notes (Part 2)

Now, again we are here with a state which cradles between the sun-kissed beaches of the Bay of Bengal and the dense forests of Eastern Ghats- Odisha. Odisha is the hub of cultural destinations and a land of splendour and beauty. We’ll confabulate about the cultural, geographical and political attributes of Odisha.

Where is the world’s largest saltwater crocodile housed? Which dance form is the oldest surviving form of the world?

Odisha derived its name from the Sanskrit word ‘Odra Vishaya’ and means ‘Wished for Child’. The Odisha state was known as the land of Kings and Kingdoms with rich sources of natural resources. The state’s temple architecture, classical dance, religions, fairs and festivals, unique handlooms and handicrafts, green woodlands, rock caves, charming blue hills have charmed chroniclers and vacationers from all over the world. 

So let’s start exploring some very amazing and interesting facts about Odisha.

Before diving deep, let’s know the State Symbols of Odisha. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-725-0">State Symbols of Odisha</h2>

<table style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Bhubaneswar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Oriya</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower </td>
			<td>Ashoka tree</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Sacred fig</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Sambar deer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Indian roller</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Odissi</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present)</td>
			<td>Raghubar Das</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (Present)</td>
			<td>Naveen Patnaik</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let’s move forward and study the topmost attribute of Odisha. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-725-1">Culture of Odisha</h2>

Odisha is the ever-sprightly state of India with stunning architecture, history, dialects, vibrant art music and dance. The state is a land of temples thriving on top of a solid foundation laid by heritage. Odisha comes as a sigh of relief for those seeking peace of mind.

<ul>
	<li>The capital of Odisha, Bhubaneswar is known as the ‘city of temples’ and was named after Tribhubaneswar that means ‘Lord of Three Worlds’ which was the ancient capital of Kalinga.</li>
	<li>Oriya or Odia is the official language of Odisha used for any of the official purposes of the State.</li>
	<li>The State is home to 62 different tribal communities. These tribes speak 21 languages and 74 dialects. Odia is used as the medium of communication in the state.</li>
	<li>Odissi is an Indian classical dance and provides archeological evidence indicating that it is the oldest surviving dance form in the country. Odisha’s other famous dance forms are Chhau, Gotipua, Danda Nata, Sambapuri, Dalkhai, Chaitighoda and Medha Nacha. </li>
</ul>

<img alt="Gotipua" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Gotipua.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: The Times of India]

<ul>
	<li>Durga Pooja is the most important festival of Odisha which is magnificently celebrated all over the state of Odisha. Other major festivals celebrated in the state are Kali Puja, Kumar Purnima, Deepabali, Prathamastami, Vasant Panchami, Maha Shivaratri, Dola Purnima and Holi etc.</li>
	<li>The cuisine of Odisha has a distinctive cooking style that is followed in the preparation of the dishes. A typical main course consists of rice or chapati, along with dal, bhaji, bharta, ambila/sakara and dessert.</li>
	<li>The local specialties of the state are Machha Jholo, Gupchup, Cuttack Chaat, Aloo Dum, Dahi Pakhal, Badi Choora, Dalma, Santula, etc. The famous desserts of Odisha are Pithas, Kora-Khhaii, Rasabali, Chenna Gaja, Chenna Poda and Rasagola.</li>
</ul>

Now, let’s talk about the geography of the state. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-725-2">Geography of Odisha</h2>

Odisha is located in the northeastern part of the country. The state is known for the land of paddy fields and palm-fringed silver beaches, temples, rivers, waterfalls and tribal people which is filled with major attractions such as the temples of Bhubaneshwar and Puri, clean beaches and the magnificent Sun Temple of Konark. Odisha is one of the most prominent states of the country comprising modern infrastructure and facilities.

<img alt="Sun Temple" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Sun Temple.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension – 17.31°N and 22.31°N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension – 81.31°E and 87.29°E</li>
	<li>Area – 155,707 km2</li>
</ul>

  Rank in India – 8th  

<ul>
	<li>Population – 41,974,218</li>
</ul>

  Rank in India – 11th  

<ul>
	<li>The state is bounded by Jharkhand and West Bengal to the north and northeast, by the Bay of Bengal to the east, and by Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the south and Chhattisgarh to the west.</li>
	<li>Odisha’s metallurgic formations differ greatly in both age and character. </li>
	<li>Odisha is drained by 11 major rivers and their tributaries. The Mahanadi is the biggest river in Odisha and the sixth largest in India.</li>
	<li>Odisha coastal plain region is the combination of several deltas of varied sizes and shapes formed by the major rivers of Odisha such as the Subarnarekha, the Budhabalanga, the Baitarani, the Brahmani, the Mahanadi, and the Rushikulya.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Subarnarekha River" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Subarnarekha River.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Odisha’s forest cover is about one-third of the state. They are commonly classified into two categories: tropical moist deciduous and tropical dry deciduous. 
	 </li>
</ul>

<h2 id="content-id-725-3">Climate of Odisha</h2>

Odisha is located in the tropical wet-dry or tropical savanna climatic region. The state experiences four climatological seasons: winter (January to February), pre-monsoon season (March to May), south-west monsoon season (June to September) and northeast monsoon season (October–December). The average annual rainfall in the state is about 1,500 mm, mostly occurring during the months of the southwest monsoon (June through September). The Eastern Ghats receive heavier precipitation, while the coastal area south of Chilka Lake that is the driest region in the state, may receive less than 1,300 mm annually. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-725-4">Soil Type of Odisha</h2>

The State is broadly divided into 4 physiographic zones: Coastal Plains, Central Tableland, Northern Plateau and Eastern Ghats. Soil types range from fertile alluvial deltaic soils in coastal plains, mixed red and black soils in Central tableland, red and yellow soils with low fertility in the Northern Plateau to red, black & brown forest soils in Eastern Ghat region. They differ widely from highly acidic to slightly alkaline and from light sandy to stiff clays. Soils are mainly acidic with the degree of acidity varying widely.

Now, we’ll take a glance at the political aspects of Odisha. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-725-5">Government and Politics of Odisha</h2>

The government of Odisha functions in the same way as other states of India which is determined by the national constitution of 1950. The head of state is the governor that is appointed by the president of India. The administration is conducted by the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister and responsible for the unicameral Legislative Assembly. There is a high court in Cuttack and the chief justice of the high court is appointed by the president of India. Beneath the high court, there are district and magistrate’s courts, and various courts that handle particular types of cases. Odisha is divided into about 30 districts. The district administration is conducted by the district magistrate. The districts are divided into tehsils, each having a tahsildar as its revenue officer. 

<img alt="Cuttack HC" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Cuttack HC.webp" style="height:200px; width:500px">

[Image Source: Orissa High Court]

Representation of Odisha in Parliament:

Assembly seats (unicameral): 147

Rajya Sabha: 10

Lok Sabha: 21

First Governor of Odisha: Sir John Austen Hubback

First Chief Minister of Odisha: Harekrushna Mahatab

Here comes SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT ODISHA:

<ul>
	<li>The Bhitarkanika Park on Odisha coast has achieved a rare distinction of housing the world’s largest saltwater crocodile measuring about 23 feet long.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Bhitarkanika National Park" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Bhitarkanika National Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Odisha is the first state to form on a language basis. The state was formed in 1936 with an Oriya-speaking region. There are some Oriya-speaking areas in the neighbouring states.</li>
	<li>The Kalinga Award was given in the field of science by the Odisha government and was founded by former Chief Minister Biju Patnaik.</li>
	<li>Chilika Lake in Odisha is Asia’s largest salt lake.</li>
	<li>Nandankanan is India’s second-largest zoo and is the only zoo in India with tiger and lion safari.</li>
	<li>Puri is the only place where the worship of Vaishnava, Shakta, Shaiva and folk culture is seen in the rituals.</li>
</ul>

Hope this blog made most of your doubts clear about Odisha. In our forthcoming blog, we will be studying about the other important aspects of Odisha.

What are the economic aspects of Odisha? Where is Hirakud dam situated?

In the next blog, facets related to these questions will be answered certainly. If you don’t want to miss it, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-odisha-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Odisha - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>’ – Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such as SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA, etc.

Now, again we are here with a state which cradles between the sun-kissed beaches of the Bay of Bengal and the dense forests of Eastern Ghats-&nbsp;Odisha.&nbsp;Odisha is the hub of cultural destinations and a land of splendour and beauty. We&rsquo;ll confabulate about the cultural, geographical and political attributes of Odisha.

Where is the&nbsp;world&rsquo;s largest saltwater crocodile housed? Whichdance formis&nbsp;the oldest surviving form of the world?

Odisha&nbsp;derived its name from the Sanskrit word&nbsp;&lsquo;Odra Vishaya&rsquo;&nbsp;and&nbsp;means&nbsp;&lsquo;Wished for Child&rsquo;. The Odisha state was known as the land of Kings and Kingdoms with rich source of natural resources. The state&rsquo;s temple architecture, classical dance, religions, fairs and festivals, unique handlooms and handicrafts, green woodlands, rock caves, charming blue hills have charmed chroniclers and vacationers from all over the world.&nbsp;

So let&rsquo;s start exploring some very amazing and interesting facts about Odisha.

Before diving deep, let&rsquo;s know the State Symbols of Odisha.

<h3>STATE SYMBOLS OF Odisha</h3>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Bhubaneswar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Ashoka tree</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Sacred fig</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Sambar deer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Indian roller</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Odissi</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Prof. Ganeshi Lal Mathur</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Naveen Patnaik</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let&rsquo;s move forward and study the topmost attribute of Odisha.

<h2>CULTURE of Odisha</h2>

Odisha is the ever-sprightly state of India with stunning architectures, history, dialects, vibrant art music and dance. The state is a land of temples thriving on top of a solid foundation laid by heritage. Odisha comes as a sigh of relief for those seeking peace of mind.

<ul>
	<li>The capital of Odisha,&nbsp;Bhubaneswar&nbsp;is known as the &lsquo;city of temples&rsquo; and was named after&nbsp;Tribhuvaneswar that means &lsquo;Lord&nbsp;of Three Worlds&rsquo; which was the ancient capital of Kalinga.</li>
	<li>Oriya&nbsp;or&nbsp;Odia&nbsp;is the official language of Odisha used for any of the official purposes of the State.</li>
	<li>The State is home to&nbsp;62&nbsp;different&nbsp;tribal communities. These tribes speak&nbsp;21&nbsp;languages&nbsp;and 74 dialects. Odia is used as the medium of communication in the state.</li>
	<li>Odissiis an Indian classical dance and provides archeological evidence indicating that it is the oldest surviving dance form in the country. Odisha&rsquo;s other famous dance forms are&nbsp;Chhau,&nbsp;Gotipua,&nbsp;Danda Nata, Sambapuri,&nbsp;Dalkhai,&nbsp;Chaitighoda&nbsp;and&nbsp;Medha Nacha.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Durga Pooja&nbsp;is the most important festival of Odisha which is magnificently celebrated all over the state of Odisha. Other major festivals celebrated in the state are&nbsp;Kali Puja, Kumar Purnima, Deepabali, Prathamastami, Vasant Panchami, Maha Shivaratri, Dola Purnima and&nbsp;Holi&nbsp;etc.</li>
	<li>The cuisine of Odisha has a distinctive cooking style that is followed in the preparation of the dishes. A typical main course consists of&nbsp;rice&nbsp;or chapatti, along with dal, bhaji, bharta, ambila/sakara&nbsp;and&nbsp;dessert.</li>
	<li>The local specialties of the state are&nbsp;Machha Jholo, Gupchup, Cuttack Chaat, Aloo Dum, Dahi Pakhal, Badi Choora, Dalma, Santula, etc. The famous desserts of Odisha are&nbsp;Pithas, Kora-Khhaii, Rasabali, Chenna Gaja, Chenna Poda&nbsp;and&nbsp;Rasagola.</li>
</ul>

Now, let&rsquo;s talk about the geography of the state.

<h2>GEOGRAPHY of Odisha</h2>

Odisha is located in&nbsp;the northeastern part of the country. The state is known for&nbsp;the land of paddy fields and palm-fringed silver beaches, temples, rivers, waterfalls and tribal people&nbsp;which is filled with major attractions such as&nbsp;the temples of Bhubaneshwar and Puri, clean beaches and the magnificent Sun Temple of Konark. Odisha is one of the most prominent states of the country comprising modern infrastructure and facilities.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;17.31&deg;N and 22.31&deg;N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;81.31&deg;E and 87.29&deg;E</li>
	<li>Area &ndash;&nbsp;155,707 km2</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rank in India &ndash;&nbsp;8th&nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Population &ndash;&nbsp;41,974,218</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rank in India &ndash;&nbsp;11th&nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>The state is bounded by&nbsp;Jharkhand&nbsp;and&nbsp;West Bengal&nbsp;to the north and northeast, by&nbsp;the&nbsp;Bay of Bengal&nbsp;to the east, and by&nbsp;Andhra Pradesh&nbsp;and&nbsp;Telangana&nbsp;to the south and&nbsp;Chhattisgarh&nbsp;to the west.</li>
	<li>Odisha&rsquo;s metallurgic formations differ greatly in both age and character.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Odisha&nbsp;is drained by&nbsp;11 major&nbsp;rivers&nbsp;and&nbsp;their&nbsp;tributaries. The&nbsp;Mahanadi&nbsp;is the biggest river in Odisha and the sixth largest in India.</li>
	<li>Odisha coastal plain region&nbsp;is the combination of several deltas of varied sizes and shapes formed by the major rivers of Odisha such as&nbsp;the Subarnarekha, the&nbsp;Budhabalanga,&nbsp;the Baitarani, the&nbsp;Brahmani, the&nbsp;Mahanadi, and the Rushikulya.</li>
	<li>Odisha&rsquo;s forest cover is about&nbsp;one-third of the state. They are commonly classified into two categories:&nbsp;tropical moist&nbsp;deciduous&nbsp;and&nbsp;tropical dry deciduous.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Climate:</h3>

Odisha is located in the tropical wet-dry or tropical&nbsp;savanna climatic region. The state experiences four&nbsp;climatological seasons:&nbsp;winter&nbsp;(January to February),&nbsp;pre-monsoon season&nbsp;(March to May),&nbsp;south-west monsoon season&nbsp;(June to September) and&nbsp;northeast monsoon season&nbsp;(October&ndash;December). The average annual rainfall in the state is about 1,500 mm, mostly occurring during the months of the southwest&nbsp;monsoon&nbsp;(June through September). The Eastern Ghats receive heavier precipitation, while the coastal area south of Chilka Lake that is the driest region in the state, may receive less than 1,300 mm annually.

<h3>Soil type:</h3>

The State is broadly divided into 4 physiographic zones:&nbsp;Coastal Plains, Central Tableland, Northern Plateau&nbsp;and&nbsp;Eastern Ghats.&nbsp;Soil types range from fertile alluvial deltaic soils in coastal plains, mixed red and black soils in Central tableland, red and yellow soils with low fertility in Northern Plateau to red, black &amp; brown forest soils in Eastern Ghat region. They differ widely from highly acidic to slightly alkaline and from light sandy to stiff clays. Soils are mainly acidic with the degree of acidity varying widely.

Now, we&rsquo;ll take a glance at the political aspects of Odisha.

<h2>GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS of Odisha</h2>

The government of Odisha functions in the same way as other states of India which is determined by the national constitution of 1950. The head of state is the&nbsp;governor&nbsp;that is appointed by the president of India. The administration is conducted by the Council of Ministers headed by&nbsp;Chief Minister&nbsp;and responsible for the unicameral&nbsp;Legislative Assembly. There is a&nbsp;high court in&nbsp;Cuttack&nbsp;and the chief&nbsp;justice&nbsp;of high court is appointed by the president of India. Beneath high court, there are district and magistrate&rsquo;s courts, and various courts that handle particular types of cases. Odisha is divided into about&nbsp;30 districts. The district administration is conducted by the district magistrate. The districts are divided into&nbsp;tahsils, each having a&nbsp;tahsildar&nbsp;as its revenue officer.&nbsp;

Representation of Odisha in Parliament:

Assembly seats (unicameral):&nbsp;147

Rajya Sabha:&nbsp;10

Lok Sabha:&nbsp;21

First Governor of Odisha:&nbsp;Sir John Austen Hubback

First Chief Minister of Odisha:&nbsp;Harekrushna Mahatab

Here comes&nbsp;SOME&nbsp;INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT ODISHA:

<ul>
	<li>The&nbsp;Bhitarkanika Park&nbsp;on Odisha coast has achieved a rare distinction of housing the&nbsp;world&rsquo;s largest saltwater crocodile&nbsp;measuring about 23 feet long.</li>
	<li>Odisha is the&nbsp;first state to form on a language basis. The state was formed in 1936 with an Oriya-speaking region. There are some Oriya-speaking areas in the neighbouring states.</li>
	<li>The Kalinga Award&nbsp;was given in the field of science by the Odisha government and was founded by&nbsp;former&nbsp;Chief Minister Biju Patnaik.</li>
	<li>Chilika Lake in Odisha is Asia&rsquo;s largest salt lake.</li>
	<li>Nandankanan&nbsp;is India&rsquo;s second-largest zoo and is the only zoo in India with tiger and lion safari.</li>
	<li>Puri&nbsp;is the only place where the worship of Vaishnava, Shakta, Shaiva and folk culture is seen in the rituals.</li>
</ul>

Hope this blog made most of your doubts clear about Odisha. In our forthcoming blog, we will be studying about the other important aspects of Odisha.

What are&nbsp;the economic aspects of Odisha? Where is&nbsp;Hirakud dam situated?

In the next blog, facets related to these questions will be answered certainly. If you don&rsquo;t want to miss it, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Odisha&rsquo; &ndash; Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such&nbsp;SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA,&nbsp;etc.

Interesting Facts about Odisha - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Art &amp; Culture of Odisha – Odisha Geography, Govt. &amp; Policies Notes

In our previous article, we discussed some vital aspects of Odisha. If you haven’t read that already, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-odisha-geography-climate-and-culture-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Odisha - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes</a>’ – Part 1. Now in this write-up, we will be looking at the other important aspects of the state i.e. history, environment and economy.

What is the ancient history of Odisha? Where is India’s largest coastal inlet situated?

Odisha is a beautiful state with pristine and amazing beaches, majestic mountains, dazzling rivers, enchanting waterfalls and a vivid flora & fauna, nestled in the lap of Eastern Ghats and fed by the tides of the Bay of Bengal.

Let’s talk about the history of Odisha. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-726-0">History of Odisha</h2>

Since its earliest known history, the state Odisha has gone by various names, most notably Utkala, Kalinga, and Odra Desha which appeared in ancient history. The territory of the state formed a part of the ancient Kalinga of Mahabharat.

<ul>
	<li>At the beginning of Indian history, Kalinga was a famed and daunting empire. </li>
	<li>The Mauryan emperor Ashoka invaded Kalinga in 260 BCE and fought one of the greatest wars of ancient history.</li>
	<li>In the 1st century BCE, the Kalinga emperor Kharavela conquered vast territories of the Kalinga Empire.</li>
	<li>Kalinga adored a golden age under the Ganga dynasty.</li>
	<li>When most regions of India came under the rule of Muslim powers in 13th and 14th centuries, the independent Kalinga had a stronghold on Hindu religion, philosophy, art, and architecture.</li>
	<li>The last Surya king, Prataparudra was the great Hindu cabalistic and became a peacemaker. After Prataparudra’s death in 1540, the kingdom declined. It lost its independence to the Afghan rulers of Bengal.</li>
	<li>The Mughal emperor Akbar snatched Odisha from the Afghans in 1590–92. When the Mughal Empire fell in the mid-18th century, part of Odisha remained under the nawabs of Bengal, but the greater part passed to the Marathas.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Akbar" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Akbar.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Hindustan Times]

<ul>
	<li>The Bengal sector came under British rule in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey and the Maratha sector was conquered by the British in 1803.</li>
	<li>After the independence of India in 1947, the territory of Orissa was expanded to include all the princely states except Saraikela and Kharsawan that were sucked by Bihar. Orissa became a state of India in 1950.</li>
	<li>Between the establishment of the state and 2000, Orissa’s government was largely controlled by the Indian National Congress.</li>
	<li>In 2011, the state’s name was formally changed from Orissa to Odisha to greater throwback to the name’s pronunciation in the Odia language.</li>
</ul>

Now, let’s study the environmental aspects of the state. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-726-1">Environment of Odisha</h2>

The splendorous state of Odisha lies on the eastern coast of India, constantly washed by the blue waters of the Bay of Bengal that is endowed with unspoiled beaches, sprawling lakes, luxuriant forests, teeming wildlife. It is a land of unexplored hidden treasures.

<ul>
	<li>The state is the combination of several deltas of varied sizes and shapes formed by the major rivers of Odisha such as the Subarnarekha, the Budhabalanga, the Baitarani, the Brahmani, the Mahanadi, and the Rushikulya.</li>
	<li>Chilika Lake- brackish water lagoon is known as India’s largest coastal inlet and second largest in the entire world spread over in a sprawling area of 1100 sq km. The brackish water of Chilika Lake is the abode of the critically endangered Irrawaddy Dolphins. It is also well-known for the flocks of migratory birds that migrate each year during the winter.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Chilika Lake" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Chilika Lake.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Odisha has 163 large dams, out of these 26 dams have been identified for rehabilitation and improvement works by the Odisha Water Resources Department.</li>
	<li>Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India. This dam is the longest dam in India about 25.5 km.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Hirakud Dam" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Hirakud Dam.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>The forest area of the Odisha state is 61,204.17 sq km which constitutes 39.31% of the State’s Geographic area. The Reserved Forests including proposed Reserves, Protected and Unclassed including Private Forests are 58.90%, 40.75% and 0.35% respectively of the recorded forest area.</li>
	<li>Odisha is known for its abundant biodiversity. There are 21 wildlife sanctuaries in Odisha. Some of the famous wildlife sanctuaries are Badrama Wildlife Sanctuary, Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary, Balukhand Konark Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandaka Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary, Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary, etc.</li>
	<li>In Odisha, there are two national parks namely Similipal National Park and Bhitarkanika National Park.</li>
</ul>

Let’s switch to the next attribute of the state i.e. Economy. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-726-2">Economy of Odisha </h2>

Although much of the land of the state is either unproductive or unsuitable for more than a single annual crop and about three-fifths of the working population is engaged in agriculture and the sector accounts for roughly one-sixth of the state’s gross product. The service sector became the largest proportion of Odisha’s economy in terms of value in the early 21st century, and it continued to grow rapidly. Odisha’s energy comes from hydroelectric stations majorly from the Hirakud Dam and the Machkund hydroelectric project. Odisha is one of the important states of India which is endowed with varieties of mineral resources. The mineral resources of Odisha have a reputation for being qualitative for industries. The mineral resources of Odisha include Iron ore, Manganese, Coal, Bauxite, Dolomite, Tin, etc. Mineral resources have played an important role to make Odisha hot destinations for industries.

GDP per capita rank: 26th

GDP per capita: ₹116,614 (2019-20)

GDP growth: 6.2% (2019-20)

GDP by sector: Agriculture 27%; Industry 32%; Services 41% (2019-20)

GDP rank: 16th

GDP: ₹5.34 lakh crore (2019-20est.)

Revenues: ₹1.24 lakh crore (2020-21est.)

Unemployment: 7.1% (2017-18) 
 

<h2 id="content-id-726-3">Education of Odisha </h2>

The literacy rate of Odisha according to Census 2011 is 73.5%, which is below the national average of 74.04%. In Odisha, there are many schools and colleges which are maintained by the government. In the state, Higher education is available. Some of the famous universities in the state are Utkal University and Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology in Bhubaneshwar etc. Odisha has numerous pharmacy colleges and nursing schools. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-726-4">Sports of Odisha </h2>

Field hockey, athletics, tennis, rugby union, rugby sevens, association football and cricket are the most popular sports in Odisha. The traditional games of Odisha are kabaddi, baguri, kho- kho, rumal chori, goti, luchakali, kithi kithi, and cowrie etc. These games enhance the physical development as well as mental abilities of kids.

Here are some more interesting facts about ODISHA:

<ul>
	<li>Konark Temple, also known as the Black Pagoda or the Sun Temple, was built in the 13th century by king Narasimhadeva. The temple is designed in the shape of an enormous chariot with 7 horses and 12 pairs of wheels carrying the Sun God. The wheels can be used to precisely count the accurate time of the day.</li>
	<li>The leaning temple of Huma situated in Huma on the banks of Mahanadi river south of Sambalpur is one of the only two leaning temples in the world. It is also famous for a special kind of reddish fish called Kudo which is thought to be sacred belonging to Lord Vimaleshwar worshipped in the temple and hence its fishing is prohibited.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Huma" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Huma.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Sambalpur]

<ul>
	<li>The Hanuman Vatika in Rourkela is Asia’s tallest Hanuman statue measuring 74 feet spread over an area of 12 acres and attracts more than 10,000 devotees per day.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Hanuman Vatika" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Hanuman Vatika.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Sundargarh]

<ul>
	<li>The Nandankanan is a zoological and a sprawling botanical park located in the outskirts of Bhubaneswar, known for unique white tigers, leopards, ostriches, kangaroos, crocodiles and turtles, falcons, water animals and lion safaris. It has about 67 kinds of mammals and 81 species of birds.</li>
	<li>Odisha is the largest nesting ground of turtles in the whole world. The Olive Ridley turtles migrate all the way from the coastal waters of Sri Lanka to Gahirmatha in Odisha.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, these were all the chief necessitate facts about Odisha that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services and NDA etc.

In our previous article, we discussed about some vital aspects of Odisha. If you haven&rsquo;t read that already, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Odisha&rsquo; &ndash; Part 1. Now in this write-up, we will be looking at the other important aspects of the state i.e. history, environment and economy.

What is the&nbsp;ancient&nbsp;history of Odisha? Where is the&nbsp;India&rsquo;s largest coastal inlet&nbsp;situated?

Odisha is a beautiful state with pristine and amazing beaches, majestic mountains, dazzling rivers, enchanting waterfalls and a vivid flora &amp; fauna, nestled in the lap of Eastern Ghats and fed by the tides of the Bay of Bengal.

Let&rsquo;s talk about the history of Odisha.

<h2>HISTORY Odisha GK Notes:</h2>

Since its earliest known history, the state Odisha has gone by various names, most notably Utkala,&nbsp;Kalinga, and Odra Desha which appeared in ancient history. The territory of the state formed a part of the ancient Kalinga of Mahabharat.

<ul>
	<li>At the beginning of&nbsp;Indian&nbsp;history,&nbsp;Kalinga&nbsp;was a famed and daunting&nbsp;empire.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Mauryan&nbsp;emperor&nbsp;Ashoka&nbsp;invaded Kalinga in&nbsp;260&nbsp;BCE&nbsp;and fought one of the greatest wars of ancient history.</li>
	<li>In the 1st century&nbsp;BCE,&nbsp;the&nbsp;Kalinga emperor Kharavela&nbsp;conquered vast territories of the Kalinga Empire.</li>
	<li>Kalinga adored&nbsp;a golden age&nbsp;under the&nbsp;Ganga dynasty.</li>
	<li>When most regions of India came under the rule of&nbsp;Muslim&nbsp;powers in 13th and 14th centuries, the independent Kalinga had a stronghold on Hindu religion, philosophy, art, and architecture.</li>
	<li>The last Surya king,&nbsp;Prataparudra&nbsp;was the great Hindu cabalistic and became a peacemaker. After Prataparudra&rsquo;s death in 1540, the kingdom declined. It lost its independence to the&nbsp;Afghan&nbsp;rulers of&nbsp;Bengal.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Mughal&nbsp;emperor&nbsp;Akbar&nbsp;snatched Odisha from the Afghans in 1590&ndash;92. When the&nbsp;Mughal Empire&nbsp;fell in the mid-18th century, part of Odisha remained under the nawabs of Bengal, but the greater part passed to the&nbsp;Marathas.</li>
	<li>The Bengal sector came under&nbsp;British rule in 1757&nbsp;after the Battle of&nbsp;Plassey and the Maratha sector was conquered by&nbsp;the British in 1803.</li>
	<li>After the independence of India in 1947, the territory of Orissa was expanded to include all the princely states except&nbsp;Saraikela&nbsp;and&nbsp;Kharsawan&nbsp;that were sucked by&nbsp;Bihar. Orissa became a state of India in 1950.</li>
	<li>Between the establishment of the state and 2000, Orissa&rsquo;s government was largely controlled by the&nbsp;Indian National Congress.</li>
	<li>In 2011, the state&rsquo;s name was formally changed from&nbsp;Orissa to Odisha&nbsp;to greater throwback to the name&rsquo;s pronunciation in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Odia language.</li>
</ul>

Now, let&rsquo;s study the environmental aspects of the state.

<h2>ENVIRONMENT Odisha GK Notes:</h2>

The splendorous state of Odisha lies on the eastern coast of India, constantly washed by the blue waters of the Bay of Bengal that is endowed with unspoiled beaches, sprawling lakes, luxuriant forests, teeming wildlife. It is a land of unexplored hidden treasures.

<ul>
	<li>The state is the combination of several deltas of varied sizes and shapes formed by the major rivers of Odisha such as&nbsp;the&nbsp;Subarnarekha, the&nbsp;Budhabalanga,&nbsp;the Baitarani, the&nbsp;Brahmani, the&nbsp;Mahanadi, and the&nbsp;Rushikulya.</li>
	<li>Chilika Lake- brackish water lagoon&nbsp;is known as India&rsquo;s largest coastal inlet and second largest in the entire world spread over in a sprawling area of 1100 sq km. The brackish water of Chilika Lake is the abode of the critically endangered Irrawady Dolphins. It is also well-known for the flocks of migratory birds that migrate each year during the winter.</li>
	<li>Odisha&nbsp;has&nbsp;163 large&nbsp;dams, out of these 26&nbsp;dams&nbsp;have been identified for rehabilitation and improvement works by the&nbsp;Odisha&nbsp;Water Resources Department.</li>
	<li>Hirakud Dam&nbsp;is built across the Mahanadi River, Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India.&nbsp;This dam is the longest dam in India about 25.5 km.</li>
	<li>The forest area of the Odisha state is&nbsp;61,204.17 sq km&nbsp;which constitutes 39.31% of the State&rsquo;s Geographic area. The Reserved Forests including proposed Reserves, Protected and Unclassed including Private Forests are&nbsp;58.90%,&nbsp;40.75%&nbsp;and 0.35%&nbsp;respectively of the recorded forest area.</li>
	<li>Odisha&nbsp;is known for its abundant biodiversity. There&nbsp;are&nbsp;21&nbsp;wildlife sanctuaries&nbsp;in&nbsp;Odisha. Some of the famous wildlife sanctuaries are Badrama&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, Baisipalli&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, Balukhand Konark&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandaka Dampara&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary, etc.</li>
	<li>In Odisha, there are&nbsp;two national parks&nbsp;namely Similipal National Park and Bhitarkanika National Park.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s switch to the next attribute of the state i.e. Economy.

<h2>ECONOMY Odisha GK Notes:</h2>

Although much of the land of the state is either unproductive or unsuitable for more than a single annual crop and about&nbsp;three-fifths of the working population&nbsp;is engaged in agriculture and the sector accounts for roughly&nbsp;one-sixth of the state&rsquo;s gross product. The service sector became the largest proportion of Odisha&rsquo;s economy in terms of value in the early 21st century, and it continued to grow rapidly.&nbsp;Odisha&rsquo;s energy comes from&nbsp;hydroelectric stations&nbsp;majorly from the&nbsp;Hirakud Dam&nbsp;and the Machkund hydroelectric project. Odisha is one of the important states of India which is endowed with varieties of mineral resources. The mineral resources of Odisha have reputation for being qualitative for industries. The mineral resources of Odisha include Iron ore, Manganese, Coal, Bauxite, Dolomite, Tin, etc. Mineral resources have played an important role to make Odisha hot destinations for industries.

GDP per capita rank:&nbsp;26th

GDP per capita:&nbsp;₹116,614 (2019-20)

GDP growth:&nbsp;6.2% (2019-20)

GDP by sector:&nbsp;Agriculture 27%; Industry 32%; Services 41% (2019-20)

GDP rank:&nbsp;16th

GDP:&nbsp;₹5.34 lakh crore (2019-20est.)

Revenues:&nbsp;₹1.24 lakh crore (2020-21est.)

Unemployment:&nbsp;7.1% (2017-18)

<h2>EDUCATION Odisha GK Notes:</h2>

The literacy rate of Odisha according to&nbsp;Census 2011&nbsp;is&nbsp;73.5%,&nbsp;which is below the national average of 74.04%. In Odisha, there are many schools and colleges which are maintained by the government. In the state, Higher education is available. Some of the famous universities in the state are&nbsp;Utkal University and Orissa University of Agriculture &amp; Technology in Bhubaneshwar etc. Odisha has numerous pharmacy colleges and nursing schools.

<h2>SPORTS Odisha GK Notes:</h2>

Field hockey, athletics,&nbsp;tennis,&nbsp;rugby union,&nbsp;rugby sevens,&nbsp;association football&nbsp;and cricket&nbsp;are the most popular sports in Odisha. The traditional games of Odisha are&nbsp;kabaddi, baguri, kho- kho, rumal chori, goti, luchakali, kithi kithi, and cowrie&nbsp;etc. These&nbsp;games enhance the physical development as well as mental abilities of kids.

Here are&nbsp;some more interesting facts about ODISHA:

<ul>
	<li>Konark Temple&nbsp;is also known as&nbsp;the Black Pagoda&nbsp;or&nbsp;the Sun Temple&nbsp;was built in the 13th century by king Narasimhadeva. The temple is designed in the shape of an enormous chariot with 7 horses and 12 pairs of wheels carrying the Sun God. The wheels can be used to precisely count the accurate time of the day.</li>
	<li>The leaning temple of Huma&nbsp;situated in Huma on the banks of Mahanadi river south of Sambalpur is one of the only two leaning temples in the world. It is also famous for a special kind of reddish fish called&nbsp;Kudo&nbsp;which is thought to be sacred belonging of Lord Vimaleshwar worshipped in the temple and hence its fishing is prohibited.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Hanuman&nbsp;Vatika&nbsp;in Rourkela is Asia&rsquo;s tallest Hanuman statue measuring 74 feet spread over an area of 12 acres and attracts more than 10,000 devotees per day.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Nandankanan&nbsp;is a zoological and a sprawling botanical park located in the outskirts of Bhubaneswar, known for unique white tigers, leopards, ostriches, kangaroos, crocodiles and turtles, falcons, water animals and lion safaris. It has about 67 kinds of mammals and 81 species of birds.</li>
	<li>Odisha&nbsp;is the largest nesting ground of turtles in the whole world. The&nbsp;Olive Ridley turtles&nbsp;migrate all the way from the coastal water of Sri Lanka to Gahirmatha in Odisha.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, these were all the chief necessitate facts about Odisha that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like&nbsp;SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services&nbsp;and&nbsp;NDA&nbsp;etc.

Interesting Facts about Odisha - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your State Odisha – Odisha GK Notes (Part 2)

Presently, in this blog we’ll discuss about the homeland of the Sikh community of India- Punjab. The state is a land of lush, green hilly areas and fields full of crops throughout the year that represents rural India in a true and proper sense. The state is one of the most dynamic, homely and hospitable states.

Which state is the birthplace of the Sikhism religion? In which state was the first president rule imposed? Which state is India’s breadbasket?

Punjab is famous as ‘The land of five rivers’. The state is situated in the north-western part of India. Punjab is a state full of food, colour and happiness. This state is filled with wonderful architecture, places of worship and one of the most significant places in Indian history. Punjab is famous for its religious diversity as many religious movements were initiated in this state. This fertile land ranks amongst the most ancient civilizations in the world.

So let’s start exploring some very amazing facts about Punjab.

Before getting started, let’s know the State Symbols of Punjab. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-727-0">State Symbols of Punjab</h2>

<table style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Chandigarh</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Punjabi</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower </td>
			<td>Gladiolus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Indian rosewood </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Blackbuck</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Northern goshawk</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Bhangra or Giddha </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present)</td>
			<td>Shri Banwarilal Purohit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (Present)</td>
			<td>Bhagwant Singh Mann</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let’s move forward and study the topmost aspect i.e. Culture. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-727-1">Culture of Punjab </h2>

Punjab is a land of ethnic and religious diversity. It has shaped a number of religious movements that include Sikhism, Buddhism and Sufism. Folk songs, dance fairs, and festivals of love and war, dance, music, and literature are the characteristics of the cultural life of Punjab.

<ul>
	<li>Bhangra and Gidda are folk dances of Punjab. In Bhangra, people dance enthusiastically to the tunes of music by dholak. Gidda is an important practice played by Punjabi women.</li>
	<li>The traditional dress of men in Punjab is kurta-pajama with turban and women wear lehenga-kurta as their traditional dress along with Patiala suit. Phulkari is recognized for its complex work which is shawls in silk traditionally designed by Punjabi.</li>
	<li>Punjabi dishes are very popular in India due to their texture and ingredients. Butter chicken, tandoori chicken, Amritsari naan and kulcha, dal makhani, Saag, Missi roti and many more dishes that are eaten by Punjabis.</li>
	<li>Major festivals are celebrated in Punjab: Baisakhi is considered as one of the largest harvest festivals in the northwest region celebrated on the first day of April or May as the New Year according to the Saka calendar. Gurparva is celebrated by Sikhs to commemorate their gurus. Lohri is celebrated in Punjab just before the day of Makar Sankranti. The festival of Lohri is very special for the community of Punjabis.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Baisakhi" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Baisakhi.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: The Economic Times]

<ul>
	<li>Punjabi is spoken as a native language by about 33 million people in India. Punjabi is the official language of Punjab. The Punjabi language found its origin in the Indo-European linguistic family that includes Persian and Latin.</li>
</ul>

Let’s discuss the geographical aspects of Punjab. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-727-2">Geography of Punjab </h2>

Punjab is located in the northwestern part of the subcontinent. Punjab is one of the prosperous states of the nation and home to lively, hospitable and dynamic people. The word Punjab is a compound of the Persian words panj (five) and āb (waters) that roughly means “the land of five rivers“. The five full-bodied rivers namely: Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Jhelum, and Chenab which flow through its vast plains of Punjab.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension – 29°32’ N and 32°32’ N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension – 73°55’ E and 76°50’ E</li>
	<li>Area – 50,363 km2</li>
</ul>

  Rank in India – 19th  

<ul>
	<li> Population – 30,141,373</li>
</ul>

  Rank in India – 16th 

<ul>
	<li>Punjab is bounded by Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, and Rajasthan to the southwest and by the country of Pakistan to the west.</li>
	<li>Chandigarh is the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.</li>
	<li>The topography of Punjab can be divided into the upper portion of the sub-Shivalik area and the rest of Punjab is situated on the Sutlej – Ghaggar river basin. </li>
	<li>Topographical changes in the recent geographical past gave a basin-like structure to Punjab due to the formation of Himalayas. The plain lands of Punjab lie between altitudes 180m and 300m above sea level.</li>
	<li>The five tributary rivers of the Indus River from which the state took its name are the Sutlej, Ravi, Beas, Chenab and Jhelum rivers. Sutlej, Ravi and Beas Rivers flow through the Indian Punjab and major rivers of the state.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Sutlej" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Sutlej.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia] 
 

<h2 id="content-id-727-3">Climate of Punjab </h2>

Punjab has an inland subtropical location, and its climate is continental, being semiarid to subhumid. Punjab experiences three main seasons. They are:

<ul>
	<li>Hot Season (mid-April to the end of June)</li>
</ul>

Summers are very hot. In June, the warmest month, temperature reaches about 100 °F from a low in the upper 70° F. 

<ul>
	<li>Rainy Season (early July to the end of September)</li>
</ul>

Annual rainfall is highest in the Siwalik Range, which is more than 45 inches and lowest in the southwest, which may receive less than 12 inches. Statewide average annual precipitation is roughly 16 inches.

<ul>
	<li>Cold Season (early December to the end of February).</li>
</ul>

January is the coolest month; temperatures normally rise from about 7 °C to upper 10° C. Winter rains from the western cyclones, occurring from December to March account for less than one-fourth of the total rainfall. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-727-4">Soil Type of Punjab</h2>

The soil of central Punjab ranges from sandy loam to clayey with pH values from 7.8 to 8.5 making alkalinity and salinity problematic for this state. The alluvial soil of this zone can be widely described as arid and brown soil or tropical arid brown soil. The soil in Eastern Punjab is loamy to clayey. Punjab has a productive agricultural area due to its fertile soil. A large part of Punjab is a flat plain of fertile alluvial soil found among five rivers.

Now, it’s time to talk about the political aspects of the state. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-727-5">Government and Politics of Punjab </h2>

The government of Punjab is determined by the national constitution of 1950. The state is led by a governor who is appointed by the president of India. The governor is aided and advised by a Council of Ministers that is led by a chief minister and responsible to the unicameral Legislative Assembly. At the head of the judiciary is the High Court in Chandigarh that is shared with Haryana. Appeals from the High Court are directed to the Supreme Court of India. Below the High Court are district-level courts.

<img alt="Chandigarh HC" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Chandigarh HC.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

The state is divided into 22 districts. Each district is headed by a deputy commissioner. The districts are further divided into a number of tehsils.

Representation of Punjab in Parliament:

Assembly seats (unicameral): 117

Rajya Sabha: 7

Lok Sabha: 13

First Governor of Punjab: Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi

First Chief Minister of Punjab: Sikander Hayat Khan 
 

<h3>SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT PUNJAB:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>In Punjab, people have the enthusiasm to be a singer, actor, athlete, etc. Some legends are Gurdas Maan (Singer), Babbu Maan (Singer), Akshay Kumar (Actor), Balbir Singh Sr. (Hockey Player), Kapil Sharma (Comedian), Udham Singh (Hockey Player), Zail Singh (7th President of India), etc.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Zail Singh" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Zail Singh.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: President of India]

<ul>
	<li>Punjabis are the major ethnic group in Canada, Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, New Zealand, United States, France, Italy, Spain, Dubai, etc. In Canada, they are about 2% of the total population of Canada.</li>
	<li>Punjab is also called the Granary of India or Bread Basket of India. It produces 17% of India’s total wheat production, and 11% of India’s rice. Agriculture is the largest industry of the state and about 84% of the land is under cultivation.</li>
	<li>Religion of Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak in Punjab during the 16th century.</li>
	<li>Punjab is the first state where President Rule was imposed.</li>
</ul>

Hope this blog made most of your queries clear about Punjab. In our forthcoming blog, we will be discussing other important aspects of Punjab.

Which place is the world’s most visited place in India as per the world book of records? Where is India’s one of the oldest universities situated?

In the next blog, facets correlated with these questions will be answered certainly. If you don’t want to miss it, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-punjab-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Punjab - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>’ – Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such as SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA, etc.

Thank you

Presently, in this blog we&rsquo;ll discuss about the homeland of the Sikh community of India- Punjab. The state is a land of lush, green hilly areas and fields full of crops throughout the year that represents rural India in a true and proper sense. The state is one of the most dynamic, homely and hospitable states.

Which state is the&nbsp;birthplace of the Sikhism religion? In which state was the&nbsp;first president rule was imposed? Which state is India&rsquo;s breadbasket?

Punjab&nbsp;is famous as&nbsp;&lsquo;The land of five rivers&rsquo;. The state is situated in the north-western part of&nbsp;India. Punjab is a state full of food, colour and happiness. This state is filled with wonderful architecture, places of worship and one of the most significant places in Indian history. Punjab is famous for its religious&nbsp;diversity&nbsp;as many religious movements were initiated in this state. This fertile land ranks amongst the most ancient civilizations in the world.

So let&rsquo;s start exploring some very amazing facts about Punjab.

Before getting started, let&rsquo;s know the State Symbols of Punjab.

<h2>STATE SYMBOLS OF PUNJAB:</h2>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Chandigarh</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Gladiolus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Indian rosewood&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Blackbuck</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Northern goshawk</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Bhangra or Giddha&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Shri Banwarilal Purohit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Bhagwant Singh Mann</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let&rsquo;s move forward and study the topmost aspect i.e. Culture.

<h2>CULTURE Punjab GK Notes:</h2>

Punjab is a land of ethnic and religious diversity. It has shaped a number of religious movements that include Sikhism, Buddhism and Sufism. Folk songs, dance fairs, and festivals of love and war, dance, music, and literature are the characteristics of the cultural life of Punjab.

<ul>
	<li>Bhangra&nbsp;and&nbsp;Gidda&nbsp;are folk dances of Punjab. In Bhangra, people dance enthusiastically to the tunes of music by dholak. Gidda is an important practice played by Punjabi women.</li>
	<li>The traditional dress of men in Punjab is&nbsp;kurta-pajama with turban&nbsp;and women wear&nbsp;lehenga-kurta&nbsp;as their traditional dress along with Patiala suit.&nbsp;Phulkari&nbsp;is recognized for its complex work which is shawls in silk traditionally designed by Punjabi.</li>
	<li>Punjabi dishes are very popular in India due to their texture and ingredients.&nbsp;Butter chicken, tandoori chicken, Amritsari naan and kulcha, dal makhani, Saag, Missi roti&nbsp;and many more dishes that are eaten by Punjabis.</li>
	<li>Major festivals are celebrated in Punjab:&nbsp;Baisakhi&nbsp;is considered as one of the largest harvest festivals in the northwest region celebrated on the first day of April or May as the New Year according to the Saka calendar.&nbsp;Gurparva&nbsp;is celebrated by Sikhs to commemorate their gurus.&nbsp;Lohri&nbsp;is celebrated in Punjab just before the day of Makar Sankranti. The festival of Lohri is very special for the community of Punjabis.</li>
	<li>Punjabi&nbsp;is spoken as a native language by about 33 million people in India.&nbsp;Punjabi&nbsp;is the official language of Punjab. The Punjabi language found its origin in the Indo-European linguistic family that includes Persian and Latin.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s discuss the geographical aspects of Punjab.

<h2>GEOGRAPHY Punjab GK Notes:</h2>

Punjab is located in the northwestern part of the subcontinent. Punjab is one of the prosperous states of the nation and home to lively, hospitable and dynamic people. The word&nbsp;Punjab&nbsp;is a compound of the Persian words&nbsp;panj (five)&nbsp;and&nbsp;āb (waters)&nbsp;that roughly means &ldquo;the land of five rivers&ldquo;.&nbsp;The five full-bodied rivers namely: Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Jhelum, and Chenab which flow through its vast plains of Punjab.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;29&deg;32&rsquo; N and 32&deg;32&rsquo; N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;73&deg;55&rsquo; E and 76&deg;50&rsquo; E</li>
	<li>Area &ndash;&nbsp;50,363 km2</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rank in India &ndash;&nbsp;19th&nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>&nbsp;Population &ndash; &nbsp;30,141,373</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rank in India &ndash;&nbsp;16th&nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Punjab is bounded by&nbsp;Jammu and Kashmir&nbsp;to the north,&nbsp;Himachal Pradesh&nbsp;to the northeast,&nbsp;Haryana&nbsp;to the south and southeast, and&nbsp;Rajasthan&nbsp;to the southwest and&nbsp;by the country of&nbsp;Pakistan&nbsp;to the west.</li>
	<li>Chandigarh&nbsp;is the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.</li>
	<li>The topography of Punjab can be divided into the&nbsp;upper portion of the sub-Shivalik area&nbsp;and&nbsp;the rest of Punjab is situated on the Sutlej &ndash; Ghaggar river basin.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Topographical changes in the recent geographical past gave a basin-like structure to Punjab due to the formation of Himalayas. The plain lands of Punjab lie between altitudes 180m and 300m above sea level.</li>
	<li>The five tributary rivers of the&nbsp;Indus River&nbsp;from which the state took its name are&nbsp;the&nbsp;Sutlej,&nbsp;Ravi,&nbsp;Beas,&nbsp;Chenab&nbsp;and&nbsp;Jhelum&nbsp;rivers.&nbsp;Sutlej, Ravi and Beas&nbsp;Rivers flow through the Indian Punjab and major rivers of the state.</li>
</ul>

<h2>CLIMATE Punjab GK Notes:</h2>

Punjab has an inland subtropical location, and its climate is continental, being semiarid to subhumid.&nbsp; Punjab experiences three main seasons. They are:

<ul>
	<li>Hot Season (mid-April to the end of June)</li>
</ul>

Summers are very hot. In June, the warmest month, temperature reaches about 100 &deg;F from a low in the upper 70&deg; F.&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Rainy Season (early July to the end of September)</li>
</ul>

Annual rainfall is highest in the&nbsp;Siwalik Range, which is more than 45 inches and lowest in the southwest, which may receive less than 12 inches. Statewide average annual precipitation is roughly 16 inches.

<ul>
	<li>Cold Season (early December to the end of February).</li>
</ul>

January is the coolest month; temperatures normally rise from about 7 &deg;C to upper 10&deg; C. Winter rains from the western&nbsp;cyclones, occurring from December to March account for less than one-fourth of the total rainfall.

<h2>Soil type:</h2>

The soil of central Punjab ranges from&nbsp;sandy loam&nbsp;to clayey with pH values from 7.8 to 8.5 making alkalinity and salinity problematic for this state. The&nbsp;alluvial soil&nbsp;of this&nbsp;zone&nbsp;can be widely described as arid and&nbsp;brown soil&nbsp;or tropical arid&nbsp;brown soil. The soil in Eastern Punjab is loamy to clayey. Punjab has a productive agricultural area due to its fertile soil. A large part of Punjab is a flat plain of fertile&nbsp;alluvial soil&nbsp;found among five rivers.

Now, it&rsquo;s time to talk about the political aspects of the state.

<h2>GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Punjab GK Notes:</h2>

The government of Punjab is determined by the national constitution of 1950. The state is led by a&nbsp;governor&nbsp;who is appointed by the president of India. The governor is aided and advised by a Council of Ministers that is led by a chief minister and responsible to the unicameral&nbsp;Legislative Assembly. At the head of the judiciary is the&nbsp;High Court in&nbsp;Chandigarh&nbsp;that is shared with&nbsp;Haryana. Appeals from the High Court are directed to&nbsp;the Supreme Court of India. Below the High Court are&nbsp;district-level courts.

The state is divided into&nbsp;22 districts. Each district is headed by a&nbsp;deputy commissioner. The districts are further divided into a number of&nbsp;tehsils.

Representation of Punjab in Parliament:

Assembly seats (unicameral):&nbsp;117

Rajya Sabha:&nbsp;7

Lok Sabha:&nbsp;13

First Governor of Punjab:&nbsp;Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi

First Chief Minister of Punjab:&nbsp;Sikander Hayat Khan

<h2>SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT PUNJAB:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>In Punjab, people have the enthusiasm to be a singer, actor, athlete, etc. Some legends are&nbsp;Gurdas Maan (Singer), Babbu Maan (Singer), Akshay Kumar (Actor), Balbir Singh Sr. (Hockey Player), Kapil Sharma (Comedian), Udham Singh (Hockey Player), Zail Singh (7th President of India),&nbsp;etc.</li>
	<li>Punjabis are the major ethnic group in&nbsp;Canada, Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, New Zealand, United States, France, Italy, Spain, Dubai,&nbsp;etc. In Canada, they are about&nbsp;2% of the total population of Canada.</li>
	<li>Punjab is also called&nbsp;the Granary of India&nbsp;or&nbsp;Bread Basket of India. It produces 17% of India&rsquo;s total wheat production, and 11% of India&rsquo;s rice. Agriculture is the largest industry of the state and about 84% of the land is under cultivation.</li>
	<li>Religion of Sikhism&nbsp;was founded by Guru Nanak in Punjab during the 16th&nbsp;century.</li>
	<li>Punjab&nbsp;is the first state where President Rule was imposed.</li>
</ul>

Hope this blog made most of your queries clear about Punjab. In our forthcoming blog, we will be discussing about other important aspects of Punjab.

Which place is the&nbsp;world&rsquo;s most visited place in India&nbsp;as per the world book of records? Where is&nbsp;India&rsquo;s one of the oldest universities situated?

In the next blog, facets correlated with these questions will be answered certainly. If you don&rsquo;t want to miss it, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Punjab&rsquo; &ndash; Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such&nbsp;SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA,&nbsp;etc.

Thank you

Interesting Facts about Punjab - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes

Know Your State Punjab – Punjab GK Notes for all Exams (Part 1)

Earlier, we studied about the cultural, geographical and political aspects of Punjab. If you haven’t read that already, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-punjab-geography-climate-and-culture-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Punjab - Geography, Climate and Culture GK Notes</a>’ – Part 1. In this blog, we’ll discuss history, environment and economy of Punjab.

What was the chronicle contribution of Punjab in Indian history? From which state Himachal Pradesh and Haryana craved out? 

Punjab is the yellow land of rivers that has unmatched beauty, situated on the north-western edge of India. Punjab is one of the prosperous states of the nation, and home to a lively, hospitable and dynamic population.

Now, we’ll discuss the history of Punjab. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-728-0">History of Punjab</h2>

Punjab is the place where the first civilization of South Asia flourished around 2500 BC. The state was an ancient center of settlement in the Indian Subcontinent.

<h3>Before Independence:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The endowment of Punjab was put down by Banda Singh Bahadur. The defeat of Banda Singh was followed by a struggle. The Sikhs on one side fought against the Mughals and Afghans on the other in 1716.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="BS Bahadur" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/BS Bahadur.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>The Sikhs had built their supremacy in the state. Ranjit Singh subsequently established the Punjab area into a powerful Sikh kingdom and attached to it the adjacent provinces of Multan, Kashmir, and Peshawar.</li>
	<li>The Punjab state cut down to the troops of the British East India Company and later became a territory under British rule in 1849.</li>
	<li>By the late 19th century, one of the most significant events linked with the movement was the Massacre of Amritsar famously known as Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, 1919 that was to fire on a group of some 10,000 Indians who had convened to protest against the new anti-subversion regulations enacted by the British administration resulted from an order given by the British General Reginald Edward Harry Dyer.</li>
	<li>When India gained its independence in 1947, the British province of Punjab was split between the new sovereign states of India and Pakistan.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Post Independence:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>After independence, the history of the Indian Punjab was dominated by Sikh concerns for a separate Punjabi-speaking state. This was led by Tara Singh.</li>
	<li>In November 1956, rather than being divided on the basis of linguistic lines, the Indian state of Punjab was enlarged through the incorporation of the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) which was an amalgamation of the pre-independence princely territories of Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Faridkot, Kapurthala, Kalsia, Malerkotla and Nalagarh.</li>
	<li>Punjab was divided on the basis of language into the mostly Hindi-speaking state of Haryana and the new, primarily Punjabi-speaking state of Punjab and the northernmost districts were transferred to Himachal Pradesh and the newly constructed city of Chandigarh became a separate union territory on 1 November, 1966.</li>
	<li>The city of Chandigarh was retained as the joint administrative headquarters of both Haryana and Punjab though not a part of either state.</li>
	<li>In the 1970s and 1980s, the Khalistan movement or the Sikh Separatist movement reached its prominence. However, Operation Blue Star was conducted by the Indian Army in which many Sikh militants were killed and prisoned. Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale was held accountable for launching the Sikh militancy during the 1980s. This operation led to the assassination of the then Prime Minister of India, Mrs Indira Gandhi.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="JSB" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/JSB.webp" style="height:300px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

Let’s study the environmental aspects of Punjab.

<h2 id="content-id-728-1">Environment of Punjab </h2>

Punjab is the Land of Five Rivers, bestowed with the beauty of nature as well as a rich culture. Punjab is a beautiful place that has been blessed with fertile lands and picturesque landscapes. Besides these lush, fertile farms makes it one of India’s prettiest states.

<ul>
	<li>The five major rivers of Punjab are Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum. Only Sutlej, Ravi and Beas rivers flow in today’s Punjab. The other two rivers are now in the state of Punjab, situated in Pakistan. </li>
	<li>These five rivers that drain the fertile lands of Punjab have their origin from various small lakes in the mighty Himalayas. </li>
	<li>Mainly there are 3 popular dams in Punjab are: Ranjit Sagar Dam, Shahpur Kandi Dam, Shanan Power House.</li>
	<li>The Ranjit Sagar Dam, which is locally known as the Thein Dam, has the largest diameter penstock pipes in the country and one of the highest earth-fill dams in India.</li>
	<li>Punjab is primarily an agricultural state, with 83% of the total geographical area under agriculture. Punjab has only 6.12% of the area i.e. 3084 Sq. kilometers in which Reserve Forest is 44 Sq. Km., Unclassed Forest is 1903 Sq. Km.</li>
	<li>Total number of Wildlife Sanctuaries in Punjab is 13. These are some famous wildlife sanctuaries are Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary, Harike Wildlife Sanctuary, Jhajjar Bacholi. Wildlife Sanctuary, Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Bir Bhadson Wildlife Sanctuary. There are no National Parks in Punjab.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Abohar WS" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Abohar WS.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Fazilka District]

Moving further, let’s talk about the economy of the state.

<h2 id="content-id-728-2">Economy of Punjab </h2>

The economy of Punjab is the 14th-largest state economy in India. Punjab’s economy has been primarily agriculture-based since the Green Revolution due to the presence of abundant water sources and fertile soils. The two-fifths of Punjab’s population are engaged in the agricultural sector, which accounts for a significant segment of the state’s gross product. Punjab produces a significant portion of India’s food grain and contributes a major share of the wheat and rice stock held by the Central Pool hence Punjab is known as India’s bread basket. As the state lacks fossil fuels, Punjab draws its energy primarily from thermal plants fired with imported coal. Punjab’s services sector includes trade, transportation and storage, financial services, real estate, public administration, and other services. The sector has grown rapidly since the late 20th century.

GDP: ₹6.44 lakh crore

Rank (as per GDP): 14th

Growth of GDP: 6.0% (2018-19)

Per capita GDP: ₹154,996 (2018-19)

Rank (per capita GDP): 15th 

GDP by sector: Agriculture- 25%, Industry- 25%, Services- 50% (2018-19)

Unemployment: 7.8% (2017-18)

<h2 id="content-id-728-3">Education of Punjab </h2>

Private organizations have played a significant role in the extension of education at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels throughout the state along with the government. Education is compulsory and free for students aged 6 to 11. Secondary education is also free in state schools. Punjab has several state universities, including Punjabi University in Patiala, Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar, Panjab University in Chandigarh, Punjab Agricultural University in Ludhiana, Punjab Technical University in Jalandhar, and Baba Farid University of Health Sciences in Faridkot. In addition, there are more than 200 specialized colleges and technical institutions.

<img alt="BFUHS" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/BFUHS.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: BFUHS]

<h2 id="content-id-728-4">Sports of Punjab </h2>

Kabaddi is the state sport of Punjab. There are over 100 traditional games and sports of Punjab. Punjabis play a wide variety of sports and games, ranging from modern games such as hockey and cricket, to the more traditional games such as kabaddi, wrestling and hockey.

<h2 id="content-id-728-5">Some more interesting facts about Punjab:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>The Golden Temple or Shri Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, Punjab which is known as the holiest place and important pilgrimage site of Sikhism is the world’s most visited place in India as per the world book of records.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Golden Temple" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Golden Temple.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<ul>
	<li>Takshashila is India’s one of the oldest universities situated in Punjab.</li>
	<li>Punjab has one of the best-developed road networks in the country. All-weather paved roads extend to most villages, and the state is crossed by a number of national highways.</li>
	<li>Trigarta means three pits, was the older name of Punjab during Mahabharata.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, these were all the chief necessitate facts about Punjab that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services and NDA etc.

Earlier, we studied about the cultural, geographical and political aspects of Punjab. If you haven&rsquo;t read that already, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Punjab&rsquo; &ndash; Part 1. In this blog, we&rsquo;ll discuss history, environment and economy of Punjab.

What was the chronicle contribution of Punjab in Indian history? From which state Himachal Pradesh and Haryana craved out?&nbsp;

Punjab is the yellow land of rivers that has unmatched beauty, situated on the north-western edge of India. Punjab is one of the prosperous states of the nation, and home to a lively, hospitable and dynamic population.

Now, we&rsquo;ll discuss the history of Punjab.

<h2>Punjab&nbsp;HISTORY Notes:</h2>

Punjab is the place where the first civilization of South Asia flourished around 2500 BC. The state was an ancient center of settlement in the Indian Subcontinent.

<h3>Before Independence</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The endowment of Punjab was put down by&nbsp;Banda Singh Bahadur. The defeat of Banda Singh was followed by a struggle. The Sikhs on one side fought against the Mughals and Afghans on the other in 1716.</li>
	<li>The Sikhs had built their supremacy in the state.&nbsp;Ranjit Singh&nbsp;subsequently established the Punjab area into a powerful Sikh kingdom and attached to it the&nbsp;adjacent&nbsp;provinces of&nbsp;Multan,&nbsp;Kashmir, and&nbsp;Peshawar.</li>
	<li>The Punjab state cut down to the troops of the British&nbsp;East India Company&nbsp;and later became a territory under British rule in 1849.</li>
	<li>By the late 19th century, one of the most significant events linked with the movement was the&nbsp;Massacre of Amritsar&nbsp;famously known as&nbsp;Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, 1919&nbsp;that was&nbsp;to fire on a group of some 10,000 Indians who had&nbsp;convened&nbsp;to protest against the new anti-subversion regulations enacted by the British administration resulted from an order given by the British General&nbsp;Reginald Edward Harry Dyer.</li>
	<li>When India gained its independence in 1947, the British province of Punjab was split between the new&nbsp;sovereign&nbsp;states of&nbsp;India&nbsp;and Pakistan.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Post Independence</h3>

<ul>
	<li>After independence, the history of the Indian Punjab was dominated by Sikh concerns for a separate&nbsp;Punjabi-speaking state. This was led by&nbsp;Tara Singh.</li>
	<li>In November 1956, rather than being divided on the basis of linguistic lines, the Indian state of Punjab was enlarged through the incorporation of the&nbsp;Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) which was an amalgamation of the pre-independence princely territories of&nbsp;Patiala,&nbsp;Jind,&nbsp;Nabha,&nbsp;Faridkot,&nbsp;Kapurthala, Kalsia, Malerkotla and Nalagarh.</li>
	<li>Punjab was divided on the basis of language into the mostly&nbsp;Hindi-speaking state of&nbsp;Haryana&nbsp;and the new, primarily Punjabi-speaking state of Punjab and the northernmost districts were transferred to&nbsp;Himachal Pradesh and the newly constructed city of&nbsp;Chandigarh became a separate union territory on 1 November, 1966.</li>
	<li>The city of Chandigarh was retained as the joint administrative headquarters of both Haryana and Punjab though not a part of either state.</li>
	<li>In the 1970s and 1980s, the Khalistan movement or the Sikh Separatist movement reached its prominence. However, Operation Blue Star was conducted by the Indian Army in which many Sikh militants were killed and prisoned. Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale was held accountable for launching the Sikh militancy during the 1980s. This operation led to the assassination of the then Prime Minister of India, Mrs Indira Gandhi.</li>
</ul>

Let&rsquo;s study the environmental aspects of Punjab.

<h2>Punjab&nbsp;ENVIRONMENT Notes:</h2>

Punjab is the Land of Five Rivers, bestowed with the beauty of nature as well as a rich culture. Punjab is a beautiful place that has been blessed with fertile lands and picturesque landscapes.&nbsp;Besides these lush, fertile farms makes it one of India&rsquo;s prettiest states.

<ul>
	<li>The five major rivers of Punjab are&nbsp;Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum. Only&nbsp;Sutlej, Ravi and Beas&nbsp;rivers flow in today&rsquo;s Punjab. The other two rivers are now in the state of Punjab, situated in Pakistan.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>These five rivers that drain the fertile lands of Punjab have their origin from various small lakes in the mighty Himalayas.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Mainly there are 3 popular dams in Punjab are:&nbsp;Ranjit Sagar Dam, Shahpur Kandi Dam, Shanan Power House.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Ranjit Sagar Dam, which is locally known as the&nbsp;Thein Dam, has the largest diameter penstock pipes in the country and one of the highest earth-fill dams in India.</li>
	<li>Punjab is primarily an agricultural state, with&nbsp;83%&nbsp;of the total geographical area under agriculture. Punjab has only&nbsp;6.12%&nbsp;of the area i.e. 3084 Sq. kilometers in which Reserve Forest is&nbsp;44 Sq. Km., Unclassed Forest is&nbsp;1903 Sq. Km.</li>
	<li>Total number of&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuaries in Punjab&nbsp;is&nbsp;13.&nbsp;These are some famous wildlife sanctuaries are Abohar&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, Harike&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, Jhajjar Bacholi. Wildlife Sanctuary, Bir Moti Bagh&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary, Bir Bhadson&nbsp;Wildlife Sanctuary. There are&nbsp;no National Parks in Punjab.</li>
</ul>

Moving further, let&rsquo;s talk about the economy of the state.

<h2>Punjab&nbsp;ECONOMY Notes:</h2>

The&nbsp;economy of Punjab&nbsp;is the&nbsp;14th-largest state economy&nbsp;in India.&nbsp;Punjab&rsquo;s economy has been primarily agriculture-based since the&nbsp;Green Revolution&nbsp;due to the presence of abundant water sources and fertile soils. The two-fifths of Punjab&rsquo;s population are engaged in the agricultural sector, which accounts for a significant segment of the state&rsquo;s gross product. Punjab produces a significant portion of India&rsquo;s food grain and contributes a major share of the&nbsp;wheat&nbsp;and rice stock held by the Central Pool hence Punjab is known as India&rsquo;s bread basket. As the state lacks fossil fuels, Punjab draws its energy primarily from thermal plants fired with imported&nbsp;coal.&nbsp;Punjab&rsquo;s services sector includes trade, transportation and storage, financial services, real estate,&nbsp;public administration, and other services. The sector has grown rapidly since the late 20th century.

GDP:&nbsp;₹6.44 lakh crore

Rank (as per GDP): 14th

Growth of GDP:&nbsp;6.0% (2018-19)

Per capita GDP:&nbsp;₹154,996 (2018-19)

Rank (per capita GDP):&nbsp;15th&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

GDP by sector:&nbsp;Agriculture- 25%, Industry- 25%, Services- 50% (2018-19)

Unemployment:&nbsp;7.8% (2017-18)

<h2>Punjab&nbsp;EDUCATION Notes:</h2>

Private organizations have played a significant role in the extension of education at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels throughout the state along with the government. Education is compulsory and free for students aged 6 to 11. Secondary education is also free in state schools. Punjab has several state universities, including Punjabi University in Patiala, Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar, Panjab University in Chandigarh, Punjab Agricultural University in Ludhiana, Punjab Technical University in Jalandhar, and Baba Farid University of Health Sciences in&nbsp;Faridkot. In addition, there are more than 200 specialized colleges and technical institutions.

<h2>Punjab&nbsp;SPORTS Notes:</h2>

Kabaddi is the state sport of Punjab. There are over 100 traditional games and sports of&nbsp;Punjab. Punjabis play a wide variety of sports and games, ranging from modern games such as&nbsp;hockey&nbsp;and&nbsp;cricket, to the more traditional games such as&nbsp;kabaddi, wrestling and hockey.

<h2>Some more interesting facts about Punjab:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>The Golden Temple or Shri Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, Punjab which is known as the holiest place and important pilgrimage site of Sikhism is the world&rsquo;s most visited place in India as per the world book of records</li>
	<li>Takshashila&nbsp;is India&rsquo;s one of the oldest universities situated in Punjab.</li>
	<li>Punjab has one of the best-developed road networks in the country. All-weather paved roads extend to most villages, and the state is crossed by a number of national highways.</li>
	<li>Trigarta&nbsp;means three pits, was the older name of Punjab during Mahabharata.</li>
</ul>

Therefore, these were all the chief necessitate facts about Punjab that will help in your preparation for competitive exams like SSC CGL, CDS, Civil Services and NDA etc.

Interesting Facts about Punjab - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes

Know Your State Punjab – Complete Punjab GK Notes (Part 2)

This disquisition deals with the land of maharajas and home to numerous medieval forts and palaces. Rajasthan is a colourful blend of various fascinating traditions, peculiar scent of the old world charm, and the exquisiteness of the architecture.

Rajasthan diwas – 30 March

Where is India’s only saline river flow? In which state of India, one of the world’s most luxurious trains is?

Now let’s explore the opulent, grand, vibrant and warm shades of Rajasthan.

Rajasthan: The word itself defines ‘Raja-sthan’ which means the place where the kings reside. It is the land of mighty Kings and valiant warriors, Mirabai, Thar Desert, Ranthambore National Park, forts, palaces and intricately woven folklore and fairy tales.

Before jumping to the aspects of Rajasthan, let’s have a look over the state symbols. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-729-0">State Symbols of Rajasthan</h2>

<table style="width:300px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Jaipur</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Language</td>
			<td>Hindi</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower </td>
			<td>Tecomella</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Jand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Camel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Great Indian Bustard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Ghoomar </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (Present)</td>
			<td>Kalraj Mishra</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (Present)</td>
			<td>Ashok Gehlot</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let’s move forward and study the topmost aspect of Rajasthan i.e. Culture. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-729-1">Culture of Rajasthan </h2>

Rajasthan’s Culture dates back to the years of Kings where it was previously called Rajputana. ‘Atithi Devo bhava’ means to treat your guests as God. This principle is a part of Rajasthani Culture. Rajasthan is a vast state with the insight of the Rajasthani folk and their culture. The state has been blessed with such historical and beautiful forts and other monuments. 

<ul>
	<li>Manganiyars and Langas are two prominent groups that contributed to Rajasthan folk music.</li>
	<li>Ghoomer dance originated in Udaipur and has gained international recognition and appreciation. Some of the dances include chang, bhopa, tejali, and kathipuli.</li>
	<li>Rajasthani food is known for its various spices and its sweetness. Rajasthan is most famous for dalbati churma, kachori both sweet and spicy. Ghewar and gheriya are some delectable sweet dishes originating from Mewar, Rajasthan. Non-vegetarian dishes like Lal Maas and Mohan Maas are delicacies in Rajasthani cuisine. </li>
	<li>The architectural style in Rajasthan is very diverse. The fort contains several gates, Jain temples and Havelis which is included as a world heritage site by UNESCO.</li>
	<li>There has been a strong influence of religion on Rajasthan. Most residents of Rajasthan are Hindus, Muslims, and Jains. There are various temples that are important pilgrim sites like the Lodrakar and Ranakpur Jain Temple, Jagdish temple, etc.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Jagdish Temple" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Jagdish Temple.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Udaipur Tourism]

<ul>
	<li>Camels are commonly found in Rajasthan. Camel fairs take place every year in Bikaner, Pushkar and other regions. It is a festival dedicated to the ships of the desert and their owners. There are various events and competitions carried out for fun like camel race and camel dance.</li>
	<li>Some dialects originating from Rajasthan include Marwari, Malvi, Mevati, Jaipuri/Dhundari out of which the most famous is Marwari.</li>
	<li>The official language of Rajasthan is Hindi.</li>
</ul>

Now, let’s talk about the geography of the state. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-729-2">Geography of Rajasthan </h2>

Rajasthan is a state in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. Rajasthan is the largest state in the Republic of India by area. The capital city is Jaipur situated in the east-central part of the state.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension – 23°30’ N and 30°11’ N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension – 69°29’ E and 78°17’ E</li>
	<li>Area –  342,239km2</li>
</ul>

  Rank in India – 1st  

<ul>
	<li>Population – 68,548,437</li>
</ul>

  Rank in India – 7th  

<ul>
	<li>It is bounded to the north and northeast by Punjab and Haryana, to the east and southeast by Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, to the southwest by Gujarat.</li>
	<li>The state shares its north-western and western boundary with the Indo-Pakistan international border that extends about 1,070 km and touches the major districts Barmer, Bikaner, Ganganagar and Jaisalmer. </li>
	<li>The oldest chain of fold mountains i.e. the Aravali Range splits the state into two geographical zones- desert on one side and forest belt on the other. Those are the two natural divisions of Rajasthan.</li>
	<li>Only 9.36% of the total geographical region lies under forest vegetation in the state.</li>
	<li>The Thar Desert or the Great Indian Desert or Maru-kantar encompasses about 70% of the total landmass of Rajasthan and hence the state is identified as the ‘Desert State of India’.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Thar Desert" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Thar Desert.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Wikipedia] 
 

<h2 id="content-id-729-3">Climate of Rajasthan</h2>

Rajasthan has a wide range of climate that varies from extremely arid to humid. The humid zone spans the southeast and east. The climate of Rajasthan can be broadly classified into four distinct seasons. Namely, Pre-monsoon is the hot season preceding the monsoon and extends from April to June, the Monsoon occurs in the month of June in the eastern region and mid- July in the western arid regions, the Post-monsoon commences from mid-September and continues till November and the Winter extends from December to March, January being the coldest month of the year. The average temperature in winter ranges from 8° to 28° C and the average temperature in summer ranges from 25° to 46° C. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-729-4">Soil type of Rajasthan</h2>

The soils of the state have been divided into 7 groups on the basis of their occurrence, chief characteristics and suitability for cultivation. These soil types are: desert soil, grey and brown soil, red and yellow soil, ferruginous red soil, mixed red and black soil, medium black soil, and alluvial soils. In many parts of the state, soils are saline or alkaline.

Now, let’s discuss the political aspects of Rajasthan. 
 

<h2 id="content-id-729-5">Government and Politics of Rajasthan </h2>

The structure of Rajasthan’s government is like that of most other states in India as determined by the national constitution of 1950. The head of state is the governor, who is appointed by the president of India. The governor is aided and advised by the Council of Ministers, which is headed by a chief minister. The state is divided into 50 districts. In each district, the district magistrate is the principal representative of the administration. For administrative purposes, each district is split into a few subdivisions which are divided into tehsils, which contain a number of villages.

<h3>Representation of Rajasthan in Parliament:</h3>

Assembly seats (unicameral): 200

Rajya Sabha: 10

Lok Sabha: 25

First Governor of Rajasthan: Maharaja Man Singh II

First Chief Minister of Rajasthan: Heera Lal Shastri

<img alt="Heera Lal Shastri" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Heera Lal Shastri.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Navbharat Times]

<h3>Some Interesting Facts About Rajasthan:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The Luni River originates in the Pushkar Valley and flows through the Thar Desert to meet its final destination in the marshy lands of Kutch. The river got its name from the Sanskrit word Lavanvati, which means Salt River. The river is India’s only saline river.</li>
	<li>One of the most luxurious trains in India, ‘The Palace on Wheels’ was initiated in 1982 by the Indian Railways and Rajasthan tourism development corporation. The concept and design of this train are based on the royal culture and customs of Rajasthan. The train has 23 coaches with a total capacity of 104 persons.</li>
</ul>

<img alt="Palace on Wheels" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Palace on Wheels.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Palace on Wheels]

<ul>
	<li>Jantar Mantar of Jaipur comprises the largest stone sundial of the world.</li>
	<li>The vibrant state of Rajasthan is home to 8 UNESCO World Heritage sites namely Chittorgarh Fort, Kumbhalgarh Fort, Ranthambore Fort, Gagron Fort, Amber Fort, Jaisalmer Fort, Keoladeo National Park, and Jantar Mantar. </li>
</ul>

<img alt="Jaisalmer Fort" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Jaisalmer Fort.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Jaisalmer Tourism]

<ul>
	<li>One of the most amazing facts about Rajasthan is that a few of its major cities are color-coded. Jaipur is called the Pink City as the Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh passed a law in 1876 asking residents to paint their houses pink to welcome the Prince of Wales and Queen Victoria. The blue colored houses in Jodhpur once signified the residence of Brahmins, later turned to be the color of the city. The stories of Jaisalmer are glorified by the name of Golden City which seeks its inspiration from the color of Thar Desert.</li>
</ul>

Hope this blog made most of your doubts clear about Rajasthan. In our forthcoming blog, we will be studying about other important aspects of Rajasthan.

What are the economic aspects of Rajasthan? Which palace of India accounts to have the longest fortification in the world?

In the next blog, the facets correlated with these questions will be answered certainly. If you don’t want to miss it, click here – '<a href="https://study.kdcampus.live/know-your-state/interesting-facts-about-rajasthan-history-environment-and-economy-gk-notes" target="_blank">Interesting Facts about Rajasthan - History, Environment and Economy GK Notes</a>' – Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such as SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA, etc.

This disquisition deals with the land of maharajas and home to numerous medieval forts and palaces.&nbsp;Rajasthan&nbsp;is a colourful blend of various fascinating traditions, peculiar scent of the old world charm, and the exquisiteness of the architecture.

Rajasthan diwas &ndash; 30 March

Where is India&rsquo;s only saline river flow? In which state of India, one of the world&rsquo;s most luxurious trains is?

Now let&rsquo;s explore the opulent, grand, vibrant and warm shades of Rajasthan.

Rajasthan: The word itself defines &lsquo;Raja-sthan&rsquo; which means the place where the kings reside. It is the land of mighty Kings and valiant warriors, Mirabai, Thar Desert, Ranthambore National Park, forts, palaces and intricately woven folklore and fairy tales.

Before jumping to the aspects of Rajasthan, let&rsquo;s have a look over the state symbols.

<h4>STATE SYMBOLS OF RAJASTHAN:</h4>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>State Capital</td>
			<td>Jaipur</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Flower&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Tecomella</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Tree</td>
			<td>Jand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Animal</td>
			<td>Camel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Bird</td>
			<td>Great Indian Bustard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Dance</td>
			<td>Ghoomar&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Governor (PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Kalraj Mishra</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>State Chief Minister (PRESENT)</td>
			<td>Ashok Gehlot</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Let&rsquo;s move forward and study the topmost aspect of Rajasthan i.e. Culture.

<h2>Rajasthan&nbsp;Culture Notes:</h2>

Rajasthan&rsquo;s Culture dates back to the years of Kings where it was previously called Rajputana. &lsquo;Atithi&nbsp;Devo&nbsp;bhava&rsquo;&nbsp;means to treat your guests as God. This principle is a part of the Rajasthani Culture. Rajasthan is a vast state with the insight of the Rajasthani folk and their culture. The state has been blessed with such historical and beautiful forts and other monuments.&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Manganiyars&nbsp;and&nbsp;Langas&nbsp;are two prominent groups that contributed to Rajasthan folk music.</li>
	<li>Ghoomer dance originated in Udaipur that has gained international recognition and appreciation. Some of the dances include chang, bhopa, tejali, and kathipuli.</li>
	<li>Rajasthani food is known for its various spices and its sweetness. Rajasthan is most famous for dalbati churma, kachori both sweet and spicy. Ghewar and gheriya are some delectable sweet dishes originating from Mewar, Rajasthan. Non-vegetarian dishes like Lal Maas and Mohan Maas are delicacies in Rajasthani cuisine.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The architectural style in Rajasthan is very diverse. The fort contains several gates, Jain temples and Havelis which is included as a world heritage site by UNESCO.</li>
	<li>There has been a strong influence of religion on Rajasthan. Most residents of Rajasthan are Hindus, Muslims, and Jains. There are various temples that are important pilgrim sites like the Lodrakar and Ranakpur Jain Temple, Jagdish temple, etc.</li>
	<li>Camels are commonly found animals in Rajasthan.&nbsp;&nbsp;Camel fairs take place every year in Bikaner, Pushkar and other regions. It is a festival dedicated to the ship of the desert and their owners. There are various events and competitions carried out for fun like camel race and camel dance.</li>
	<li>Some dialects originating from Rajasthan include Marwari, Malvi, Mevati, Jaipuri/Dhundari out of which the most famous is Marwari.</li>
	<li>The official language of Rajasthan is&nbsp;Hindi.</li>
</ul>

Now, let&rsquo;s talk about the geography of the state.

<h2>Rajasthan&nbsp;Geography Notes:</h2>

Rajasthan is a state in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. Rajasthan is the largest&nbsp;state in the Republic of India&nbsp;by area. The capital city is&nbsp;Jaipur&nbsp;situated in the east-central part of the state.

<ul>
	<li>Latitudinal Extension &ndash; &nbsp;23&deg;30&rsquo; N and 30&deg;11&rsquo; N</li>
	<li>Longitudinal Extension &ndash;&nbsp;69&deg;29&rsquo; E and 78&deg;17&rsquo; E</li>
	<li>Area &ndash;&nbsp;&nbsp;342,239km2</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rank in India &ndash;&nbsp;1st&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Population &ndash;&nbsp;68,548,437</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rank in India &ndash;&nbsp;7th&nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>It is bounded to the north and northeast by&nbsp;Punjab&nbsp;and&nbsp;Haryana, to the east and southeast by&nbsp;Uttar Pradesh&nbsp;and&nbsp;Madhya Pradesh, to the southwest by&nbsp;Gujarat.</li>
	<li>The state shares its&nbsp;north-western and western boundary with the Indo-Pakistan international border&nbsp;that extends about 1,070 km and touches the major districts Barmer, Bikaner, Ganganagar and Jaisalmer.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The oldest chain of fold mountains i.e. the Aravali Range splits the state into two geographical zones-&nbsp;desert at one side&nbsp;and&nbsp;forest belt on the other.&nbsp;Those are the two natural divisions of Rajasthan.</li>
	<li>Only&nbsp;9.36%&nbsp;of the total geographical region lies under forest vegetation in the state.</li>
	<li>The&nbsp;Thar Desert&nbsp;or the&nbsp;Great Indian Desert&nbsp;or&nbsp;Maru-kantar&nbsp;encompasses about&nbsp;70%&nbsp;of the total landmass of Rajasthan and hence the state is identified as the &lsquo;Desert State of India&rsquo;.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Climate:</h3>

Rajasthan has a wide range of climate that varies from extremely arid to humid. The humid zone spans the southeast and east.&nbsp;The climate of Rajasthan can be broadly classified into four distinct seasons. Namely,&nbsp;Pre-monsoon&nbsp;is the hot season preceding the monsoon and extends from April to June,&nbsp;the Monsoon&nbsp;occurs in the month of June in the eastern region and mid- July in the western arid regions,&nbsp;the Post-monsoon&nbsp;commences from mid-September and continues till November and&nbsp;the Winter&nbsp;extends from December to March, January being the coldest month of the year. The average temperature in winter ranges from&nbsp;8&deg; to 28&deg; C&nbsp;and the average temperature in summer ranges from&nbsp;25&deg; to 46&deg; C.

<h3>Soil type:</h3>

The soils of the state have been divided into 7 groups on the basis of their occurrence, chief characteristics and suitability for cultivation. These soil types are:&nbsp;desert soil, grey and brown soil, red and yellow soil, ferruginous red soil, mixed red and black soil, medium black soil, and alluvial soils. In many parts of the state, soils are&nbsp;saline&nbsp;or&nbsp;alkaline.

Now, let&rsquo;s discuss the political aspects of Rajasthan.

<h2>Rajasthan&nbsp;GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Notes:</h2>

The structure of Rajasthan&rsquo;s government is like that of most other states in&nbsp;India is determined by the national constitution of 1950. The head of state is&nbsp;the governor, who is appointed by the president of India. The governor is aided and advised by&nbsp;the Council of Ministers, which is headed by&nbsp;a chief minister. The state is divided into 50&nbsp;districts. In each district, the district magistrate is the principal representative of the administration. For administrative purposes, each district is split into a few subdivisions which are divided into tehsils, which contain a number of villages.

<h3>Representation of Rajasthan in Parliament:</h3>

Assembly seats (unicameral):&nbsp;200

Rajya Sabha:&nbsp;10

Lok Sabha:&nbsp;25

First Governor of Rajasthan:&nbsp;Maharaja Man Singh II

First Chief Minister of Rajasthan:&nbsp;Heera Lal Shastri

<h2>Some Interesting Facts About Rajasthan:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>Luni River originates in the Pushkar Valley and flows through the Thar Desert to meet its final destination in the marshy lands of Kutch. The river got its name from the Sanskrit word Lavanvati, which means Salt River. The river is India&rsquo;s only saline river.</li>
	<li>One of the most luxurious trains in India, &lsquo;The Palace on Wheels&rsquo; was initiated in 1982 by the Indian Railways and Rajasthan tourism development corporation. The concept and design of this train are based on the royal culture and customs of Rajasthan. The train has 23 coaches with a total capacity of 104 persons.</li>
	<li>Jantar Mantar of Jaipur comprises the largest stone sundial of the world.</li>
	<li>The vibrant state of Rajasthan is home to 8 UNESCO World Heritage sites namely Chittorgarh Fort, Kumbhalgarh Fort, Ranthambore Fort, Gagron Fort, Amber Fort, Jaisalmer Fort, Keoladeo National Park, and Jantar Mantar.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>One of the most amazing facts about Rajasthan is that a few of its major cities are color-coded. Jaipur is called the Pink City as the Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh passed a law in 1876 asking residents to paint their houses pink to welcome the Prince of Wales and Queen Victoria. The blue colored houses in Jodhpur once signified the residence of Brahmins, later turned to be the color of the city. The stories of Jaisalmer are glorified by the name of Golden City which seeks its inspiration from the color of Thar Desert.</li>
</ul>

Hope this blog made most of your doubts clear about Rajasthan. In our forthcoming blog, we will be studying about other important aspects of Rajasthan.

What are the economic aspects of Rajasthan? Which palace of India accounts to have the longest fortification in the world?

In the next blog, the facets correlated with these questions will be answered certainly. If you don&rsquo;t want to miss it, click here &ndash;&nbsp;Know your State &lsquo;Rajasthan&rsquo; &ndash; Part 2. We hope it will help you in the preparation of your exams such&nbsp;SSC 10+2, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA,&nbsp;etc.